Zygopetalum

Zygopetalum
	Zygopetalum maculatum
Systematics
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Epidendroideae
Tribe :	Maxillarieae
Sub tribus :	Zygopetalinae
Genre :	Zygopetalum
Scientific name
	Zygopetalum
	Hook.

The genus Zygopetalum from the orchid family (Orchidaceae) currently consists of 14 recognized plant species . They grow mainly epiphytically , but partly also terrestrially or lithophytically .

description

The plants are characterized by a sympodial growth. The short pseudobulbs are usually elliptical or egg-shaped and have two or more leaves. The upright or overhanging, multi-flowered flower stems develop sideways, grow up to 60 cm long and tower above the leaves. The eye-catching flowers are from small to large, have different shades of green, dark red and purple and have various patterns. The similar sepals (sepals) and petals (petals) are elongated and protruding. The lip is protruding and three-lobed. The side lobes are either small and protruding or large and upright. The middle lobe is protruding and ovoid, sometimes with an undivided or lobed callus.

distribution

The main distribution area are the humid forests of the low to higher lying tropical areas of South America ( Peru , Brazil and northeast Argentina ). Most of the species are found in Brazil.

Systematics and botanical history

The generic name is made up of the Greek words ζυγόν zygon (or ζυγός zygos ) "yoke" (everything that connects two objects) and πέταλον petalon "leaf" (botanical petalum) and denotes the sepals (bracts) and lateral ones that are fused at the base Petals (petals) of these orchid flowers.

The genus was created by William Jackson Hooker by publication in Curtis's Botanical Magazine in 1827 described . The type species was Zygopetalum mackayi , which today is sometimes referred to as Zygopetalum maculatum .

The genus Zygopetalum is classified within the orchid family in the subfamily Epidendroideae . For some time, the group Vandoideae was separated from this subfamily, which also contained the genus Zygopetalum , but this has now been refuted by molecular genetic studies. Within the Epidendroideae, Zygopetalum belongs to the tribe Maxillarieae and the sub- tribus Zygopetalinae . In this sub-tribus, which is defined by pseudobulbs from a single internode as well as elongated sprouts and multiple flowers , the following closely related genera are summarized: Aganisia , Batemannia , Cheiradenia , Koellensteinia , Neogardneria , Pabstia , Paradisanthus , Pescatoria and Stenia .

The Zygosepalum and Pescatoria groups, which are now recognized as separate genres , can often be found still integrated in Zygopetalum in literature and in Internet sources .

species

Zygopetalum hybrids

Zygopetalum sincoranum

Fragrant Zygopetalum hybrid Arthur Elle Bright and Blue

The list is based on the "World Check List of selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Garden", Kew.

Zygopetalum brachypetalum Lindl. : It occurs in southern and southeastern Brazil.
Zygopetalum crinitum G.Lodd. : It occurs in southern and southeastern Brazil.
Zygopetalum ghillanyi Pabst : It occurs in Brazil.
Zygopetalum graminifolium Rolfe : It occurs in Brazil.
Zygopetalum maculatum (Kunth) Garay (Syn: Zygopetalum mackayi Hook. ): It occurs from northern Peru to Brazil.
Zygopetalum maxillare G.Lodd. (Syn .: Zygopetalum rigbyanum Ruschi ): It occurs from southern and southeastern Brazil to northeastern Argentina.
Zygopetalum microphytum Barb. Rodr. : It occurs in Brazil.
Zygopetalum mosenianum Barb . Rodr . (Syn .: Zygopetalum pedicellatum Garay ): It occurs in southeastern Brazil.

Zygopetalum pabstii Toscano : It occurs in Brazil.

Zygopetalum reginae Pabst : It occurs in Brazil.

Zygopetalum sellowii Rchb.f. : It occurs in eastern Brazil.

Zygopetalum silvanum V.P. Castro & Campacci : It occurs in Brazil.

Zygopetalum sincoranum V.P. Castro & Campacci : It occurs in Brazil.

Zygopetalum dreary Barb. Rodr. : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.

use

The flowering shoots of Zygopetalum species and hybrids are in demand as cut flowers . Some species give off a sweet, hyacinth-like scent.

literature

H. Bechtel, Ph. Cribb, E. Launert: Orchideenatlas. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1993 (3rd edition). ISBN 3-8001-6199-0
Robert L. Dressler: Die Orchideen Stuttgart, Ulmer, 1987 ISBN 3-8001-6331-4
R. Schlechter: The orchids. 4 vol. & Reg. Revised K. Senghas. Blackwell-Wiss.-Verl., Berlin / Vienna 2003 (3rd edition). ISBN 3-8263-3410-8

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Zygopetalum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 21, 2018.
↑ Bot. Mag. 54: t. 2748. 1827 [1 Jul 1827], Royal Horticultural Society, London
^ Dressler Robert L .: Die Orchideen , Stuttgart, Ulmer, 1987 ISBN 3-8001-6331-4

Web links

Commons : Zygopetalum - album with pictures, videos and audio files

The Internet Orchid Photo Encyclopedia (the extensive orchid encyclopedia on the web, English)

[WCSP-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Zygopetalum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 21, 2018.

[2] Bot. Mag. 54: t. 2748. 1827 [1 Jul 1827], Royal Horticultural Society, London

[3] Dressler Robert L .: Die Orchideen , Stuttgart, Ulmer, 1987 ISBN 3-8001-6331-4