Cylinder press
As cylinder presses is called the high-pressure area all press forms as printing form or backpressure use a cylinder. This distinguishes the cylinder press from the platen press .
The first cylinder machine was designed by Friedrich Koenig in 1811 . From 1812 he built it together with Andreas Friedrich Bauer . It was first used when the newspaper The Times was printed on November 29, 1814. What was new about this type of press was that all functions were performed mechanically. The drive took place via a transmission by steam power . A cylinder was used instead of the crucible. This required less force to achieve the contact pressure required for printing. A higher performance could be achieved. It was also possible to print larger sheets.
By using another cylinder instead of a flat printing form, it was also possible to print on roll paper.
All other printing machines were based on the cylinder printing machine from Koenig and Bauer.
Double cylinder machine
In 1814, the first two double-cylinder machines by Koenig and Bauer were sold to the Times . The patents for this were granted to Friedrich Koenig in October 1811 and July 1813. The advantage of this machine was that the otherwise unproductive return of the cart after the first printing process could now also be used for printing. Accordingly, two sheets of the same text were printed in one printing process. This distinguishes the double cylinder machine from a complete machine . The machine had a symmetrical structure with an inking unit in the center. The printing units were attached to the side. The sheet was pressed firmly against the cylinder surface during the printing process by endless belts running over rollers. The printed sheet was also carried out using tapes. The double cylinder press produced 1,100 sheets per hour and was operated by at least four printers. The inking unit had been changed in such a way that the color was no longer applied to the inking roller below, but that the roller was so close that a direct transfer of ink could take place. A printing form including the chase had the dimensions of 52 cm × 94 cm. On November 28, 1814, the Times was printed for the first time on the two double-cylinder machines. The Times ran at 1,500 copies during this period. In 1816 the first perfecting press was also used to print the Times . At the same time, the principle of the high-speed press working with permanent rotating cylinders was invented.
Stop cylinder machine
The stop cylinder machine is also called the stop cylinder machine. With the stop cylinder machine, the printing cylinder stops after every printing process. It works on the principle of round on flat. In the stop phase, the paper (commonly called sheet ) is taken over at the machine's paper feed table by the cylinder's gripper arms . At the same time, the shaped bed moves separately back to its starting position. This creates a synchronous movement of the cylinder and the forming bed. During the printing process, the printing cylinder therefore completes one revolution.
The stop cylinder machine developed over time into a fully automatic high pressure machine with a very high speed.
The best known are z. B. the ALBERT-AUTOMATEN from Frankenthal or the stop cylinder presses from König and Bauer.
One-tour press
Later, the stop cylinder press developed into the single-speed machine with a continuously rotating cylinder. D. Napier (1785–1873) developed this press in London. It achieved an output of 1,500 to 2,000 sheets per hour.
Furthermore, the front and back printing were carried out separately.
The scope of the printing cylinder is equal to the entire path of the foundation for the high-pressure form , that is, it is twice as large as at a same-sized stop cylinder press. The cylinder is flattened at the point not required for printing. The cylinder and the foundation have their own drive.
The Original Heidelberg Cylinder (OHZ) from Schnellpressenfabrik Heidelberg works according to the one- speed principle , the pressure cylinder rotates once around its axis for each foundation forward and reverse. This cylinder press can also be used to print artistic graphics in large quantities .
From 1936 the Heidelberg single-tour machine was built with a format of 48 cm × 65 cm. Later the machine was also available in the formats 57 cm × 77 cm and 57 cm × 82 cm to 64 cm × 90 cm.
Two-round press
Inventors and Builders: King and Farmer in London in 1817, improvements by Robert Miehle, Chicago
While in the single-cycle press only one rotation around the impression cylinder takes place when the printing form is moved back and forth, in the two-cycle press two rotations (two tours) take place during the printing process. The printing cylinder rotates continuously in the same direction. The print sheet is transferred to the cylinder gripper on the fly.
known machines are e.g. B. Super MAN, Condor Miller or Sturmvogel.
Cylinder extraction press
The cylinder extraction press is a simple letterpress press that is used to make manual proofs for correction. It is equipped with an inking unit, rollers and a feed table. Both proofs and smaller editions are printed on it. The lead type stands on a solid foundation. The cylinder rolls over it with the print sheet. The set is colored using a hand roller or an inking unit.
Other applications include a. the lithography process and collotype printing .
literature
- Funke, Fritz: Book customer . 6th edition. Munich: KG Saur Verlag, 1999. ISBN 3-598-11390-0
- Gerhardt, Claus W .: History of the printing process . Part II. The printing. Stuttgart: Anton Hiersemann Verlag, 1975. ISBN 3-7772-7521-2
- Gutenberg Museum Mainz (Ed.): From Gutenberg to WorldWideWeb . Vienna: Dachs Verlag, 2002.
- Liebau, Dieter and Weschke, Hugo: Polygraph specialist lexicon of the printing industry and communication technology. Frankfurt am Main: Polygraph Verlag, 1997.
- Walenski, Wolfgang: Dictionary print and paper . Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann GmbH, 1994. ISBN 3-465-02619-5
- Wolfsturm, Hans-Jürgen and Burkhardt, Hermann: high pressure . Ravensburg: Ravensburger Buchverlag, 1994. ISBN 3-473-48382-6
Individual evidence
- ↑ print.de: KBA: Two hundred years of cylinder printing press ( Memento from December 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive )