3rd United States Congress

Congress Hall , meeting place from the 1st to the 6th Congress

The 3rd United States Congress met between March 4, 1793 and March 3, 1795, the fifth and sixth years of President George Washington's office . It met in the Congress Hall in Philadelphia . In the Senate, there was a majority for the Washington-supporting pro-administration party , in the House of Representatives a majority for the opposing anti-administration party .

Significant events

• April 22, 1793: George Washington signs the Proclamation of Neutrality , according to which the United States would be neutral in the coalition wars.
• March 14, 1794: Eli Whitney receives a patent for the Egrenier machine .
• March 27, 1794: Congress authorizes the construction of the first six frigates for the United States Navy .
• August 7, 1794: An excise tax on whiskey leads to the Whiskey Rebellion , an uprising by settlers in Pennsylvania that is crushed by the federal government with military aid.
• August 20, 1794: The Battle of Fallen Timbers ends in defeat for the Indian tribes .

Major legislation

• March 4, 1794: Congress passes the 11th Amendment to the United States Constitution to protect states from federal lawsuits. The amendment is ratified by the 12th state on February 7, 1795 and comes into force.
• March 27, 1794: The United States establishes its first navy with the Naval Act of 1794 .
• November 19, 1794: The United States enters into the Jay Treaty with the Kingdom of Great Britain , which aims to clarify unresolved tensions and disputes from the American War of Independence .
• January 29, 1795: The Naturalization Act of 1795 transformed the naturalization process into a two-step process and extended the minimum residency in the United States to five years before naturalization could take place.

Parties

There were no organized parties in either the Senate or the House of Representatives at the time. There were, however, two groups, the Anti-Administration Party and the Pro-Administration Party . While members of the Anti-Administration Party later founded the Democratic Republican Party , the Pro-Administration Party was the forerunner of the Federalist Party .

House of Representatives

grouping		Beginning		The End
		MPs	Share of votes	MPs	Share of votes
	Pro-Administration (P)	50	47.6%	49	47.6%
	Anti-Administration (A)	55	52.4%	54	52.4%
	Vacant	0		2
total		105		103

senate

grouping		Beginning		The End
		Senators	Share of votes	Senators	Share of votes
	Pro administration	16	55.2%	17th	56.7%
	Anti-administration	13	44.8%	13	43.3%
	Vacant	1		0
total		29		30th

guide

• 

  Frederick Muhlenberg (P)
  Speaker of the House of Representatives
  1789–1791 and 1793–1795

• 

  John Adams (P)
  President of the Senate
  1789–1797

• 

  John Langdon (P)
  President pro tempore of the Senate
  1789 and 1792–1793

• 

  Ralph Izard (P)
  President pro tempore of the Senate
  1794

• 

  Henry Tazewell (P)
  President pro tempore of the Senate
  1795

Members

House of Representatives

Connecticut Joshua Coit (P) James Hillhouse (P) Amasa Learned (P) Zephaniah Swift (P) Uriah Tracy (P) Jonathan Trumbull junior (P) Jeremiah Wadsworth (P) Delaware John Patten (A), until February 14, 1794 Henry Latimer (P), February 14, 1794 - February 7, 1795 thereafter vacant Georgia Abraham Baldwin (A) Thomas P. Carnes (A) Kentucky 1. Christopher Greenup (A) 2. Alexander D. Orr (A) Maryland 1. George Dent (P) 2. John Mercer (A), until April 13, 1794 2. Gabriel Duvall (A), from November 11, 1794 3. Uriah Forrest (P), until November 8, 1794 3. Benjamin Edwards (P), from January 2, 1795 4. Thomas Sprigg (A) 5. Samuel Smith (A) 6. Gabriel Christie (A) 7. William Hindman (P) 8. William Vans Murray (P) Massachusetts 1a. Fisher Ames (P) 1b. Samuel Dexter (P) 1c. Benjamin Goodhue (P) 1d. Samuel Holten (A) 2a. Dwight Foster (P) 2 B. William Lyman (A) 2c. Theodore Sedgwick (P) 2d. Artemas Ward (P) 3a. Shearjashub Bourne (P) 3b. Peleg Coffin (P) 4a. Henry Dearborn (A) 4b. George Thatcher (P) 4c. Peleg Wadsworth (P) David Cobb (P) New Hampshire Nicholas Gilman (P) John Sherburne (A) Jeremiah Smith (P) Paine Wingate (P) New Jersey John Beatty (P) Elias Boudinot (P) Lambert Cadwalader (P) Abraham Clark (P), until September 15, 1794 Aaron Kitchell (P), from January 29, 1795 Jonathan Dayton (P)

new York 1. Thomas Tredwell (A) 2. John Watts (P) 3. Philip Van Cortlandt (A) 4. Peter Van Gaasbeck (P) 5. Theodorus Bailey (A) 6. Ezekiel Gilbert (P) 7. John Evert Van Alen (P) 8. Henry Glen (P) 9. James Gordon (P) 10. Silas Talbot (P), until June 5, 1794, then vacant North Carolina 1. Joseph McDowell (A) 2. Matthew Locke (A) 3. Joseph Winston (A) 4. Alexander Mebane (A) 5. Nathaniel Macon (A) 6. James Gillespie (A) 7. William Barry Grove (P) 8. William Johnston Dawson (A) 9. Thomas Blount (A) 10. Benjamin Williams (A) Pennsylvania James Armstrong (P) William Findley (A) Thomas Fitzsimons (P) Andrew Gregg (A) Thomas Hartley (P) Daniel Hiester (A) William Irvine (A) John W. Kittera (P) William Montgomery (A) Frederick Muhlenberg (A) Peter Muhlenberg (A) Thomas Scott (P) John Smilie (A) Rhode Island Benjamin Bourne (P) Francis Malbone (P) South carolina 1. William L. Smith (P) 2. John Hunter (A) 3. Lemuel Benton (A) 4. Richard Winn (A) 5. Alexander Gillon (A), until October 6, 1794 5. Robert Goodloe Harper (P), from February 9, 1795 6. Andrew Pickens (A) Vermont 1. Israel Smith (A) 2. Nathaniel Niles (A) Virginia 1. Robert Rutherford (A) 2. Andrew Moore (A) 3. Joseph Neville (A) 4. Francis Preston (A) 5. George Hancock (P) 6. Isaac Coles (A) 7. Abraham B. Venable (A) 8. Thomas Claiborne (A) 9. William B. Giles (A) 10. Carter B. Harrison (A) 11. Josiah Parker (P) 12. John Page (A) 13. Samuel Griffin (P) 14. Francis Walker (A) 15. James Madison (A) 16. Anthony New (A) 17. Richard Bland Lee (P) 18. John Nicholas (A) 19. John Heath (A) Without voting rights Southwest Territory , later Tennessee James White , from September 3, 1794

senate

→ Main article : List of Senate members in the 3rd United States Congress

Connecticut 1. Oliver Ellsworth (P) 3. Roger Sherman (P), until July 23, 1793 3. Stephen Mix Mitchell (P), from December 2, 1793 Delaware 1. George Read (P), until September 18, 1793 1. Henry Latimer (P), from February 7, 1795 2. John Vining (P) Georgia 3. James Gunn (A) 2. James Jackson (A) Kentucky 3. John Edwards (A) 2. John Brown (A) Maryland 3. John Henry (P) 1. Richard Potts (P) Massachusetts 2. Caleb Strong (P) 1. George Cabot (P) New Hampshire 3. John Langdon (A) 2. Samuel Livermore (P) New Jersey 1. John Rutherfurd (P) 2. Frederick Frelinghuysen (P)

new York 3. Rufus King (P) 1. Aaron Burr (A) North Carolina 3. Benjamin Hawkins (A) 2. Alexander Martin (A) Pennsylvania 3. Robert Morris (P) 1st vacant until 2nd December 1793 1. Albert Gallatin (A), December 2, 1793 - February 28, 1794 1. James Ross (P), from April 24, 1794 Rhode Island 1. Theodore Foster (P) 2. William Bradford (P) South carolina 2. Pierce Butler (A) 3. Ralph Izard (P) Vermont 1. Moses Robinson (A) 3. Stephen R. Bradley (A) Virginia 1. James Monroe (A), until May 11, 1794 1. Stevens Mason (A), from November 18, 1794 2. John Taylor (A), until May 11, 1794 2. Henry Tazewell (A), from November 18, 1794

Personnel changes

There were two deaths, three resignations and one contested election in the House of Representatives. There was one death, three resignations and one contested election in the Senate.

Employees

• Architect : William Thornton

House of Representatives

• Clerk : John Beckley
• Sergeant at Arms : Joseph Wheaton
• Doorman : Gifford Dalley
• Clergyman : Ashbel Green

senate

• Secretary : Samuel A. Otis
• Sergeant at Arms : James Mathers
• Clergyman : William White

Web links

Commons : 3rd United States Congress  - Collection of Pictures, Videos, and Audio Files

• Statutes at Large, 1789–1875
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• Biographical Directory of the United States Congress 1774 – Present
• US House of Representatives: Congressional History
• US Senate: Statistics and Lists