45th United States Congress

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The 45th United States Congress , made up of the House and Senate , was the United States' legislature . Its legislative period lasted from March 4, 1877 to March 4, 1879. All members of the House of Representatives and a third of the senators ( Class II ) were elected in the 1876 congressional elections. There were different majorities in the two chambers. In the Senate, the Republican Party had a majority, while the Democrats controlled the House of Representatives. The Congress met in the American capital Washington, DC President was the Republican Rutherford B. Hayes . The United States then consisted of 38 states. The state of Colorado , which joined the Union in 1876, is represented in Congress for the first time for a full legislative period. The distribution of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1870 census .

Important events

See also 1877 , 1878, and 1879

  • March 4, 1877: beginning of the legislative period of the 45th Congress. At the same time, Rutherford Hayes is inducted into his new office as US President. The controversial election had only been finally decided two days earlier (see also presidential election in the United States in 1876 ). Hayes replaces Ulysses S. Grant as US President.
  • 1877–1879: The Indian wars continue throughout the legislative period . In addition, the country runs amid an economic crisis that has existed since 1873.
  • June 15, 1877: Henry Ossian Flipper is the first African American to graduate from the United States Military Academy at West Point and become a lieutenant in the United States Army .
  • July 16, 1877: Great railroad strike begins in the USA. Violent unrest ensues. The president uses the military to calm the situation.
  • November 21, 1877: Thomas Alva Edison announces the invention of the phonograph .
  • February 18, 1878: Lincoln County Cattle War begins .
  • November 1878: US Congress elections. The Democrats win a majority in the Senate. In the House of Representatives, they can secure a narrow majority, which is temporarily only possible with the help of MPs from the splinter parties.
  • February 15, 1879: President Hayes signs law allowing female lawyers to stand before the Supreme Court.

The main laws

During the session of the 45th Congress, the following federal laws were passed ( see also: Legislative procedure ):

  • February 28, 1878: Bland – Allison Act (A Currency Act)
  • April 29, 1878: National Quarantine Act
  • June 3, 1878: Timber and Stone Act
  • June 18, 1878: Posse Comitatus Act

Composition according to parties

senate

  • Democratic Party: 36
  • Republican Party: 39
  • Others: 1
  • Vacant: 0

Total: 76 at the end of the legislative period

House of Representatives

  • Democratic Party: 154
  • Republican Party: 136
  • Others: 1
  • Vacant: 2

Total: 293 at the end of the legislative period

There were also eight congressional delegates who were not entitled to vote

Public officials

senate

House of Representatives

Senate members

The following senators represented their respective states in the 45th Congress:

Alabama

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

new York

North Carolina

Ohio

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South carolina

Tennessee

Texas

Vermont

Virginia

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Members of the House of Representatives

The following congressmen represented the interests of their respective states in the 45th Congress:

Alabama 8 constituencies

Arkansas 4 constituencies

California 4 constituencies

Colorado state wide election

Connecticut 4 constituencies

Delaware state-wide choice

Florida Two constituencies

Georgia 9 constituencies

Illinois 19 constituencies

Indiana 13 constituencies

Iowa 9 constituencies

Kansas 3 constituencies

Kentucky 10 constituencies

Louisiana 6 constituencies

Maine 5 constituencies

Maryland 6 constituencies.

Massachusetts 11 constituencies

Michigan 9 constituencies

Minnesota 3rd constituency

Mississippi 6 constituencies

Missouri 13 constituencies

Nebraska State Choice

Nevada state-wide election

New Hampshire 3 electoral divisions

New Jersey 7 constituencies

New York 33 constituencies

North Carolina 8 constituencies

Ohio 20 constituencies

Oregon state-wide election

Pennsylvania 27 constituencies.

Rhode Island 2 electoral districts

South Carolina 5 constituencies.

Tennessee 10 constituencies

Texas 6 constituencies.

Vermont 3 constituencies

Virginia 9 constituencies

West Virginia 3 constituencies

Wisconsin 8 constituencies

Members of the House of Representatives who are not entitled to vote:

Web links

Commons : 45th United States Congress  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files