75th Congress of the United States
The 75th Congress of the United States , composed of the House and Senate , was the legislature of the United States . Its legislative term lasted from January 3, 1937 to January 3, 1939. All members of the House of Representatives and a third of the Senators ( Class II ) were elected in November 1936 and September in the state of Maine in the congressional elections. There was a large majority in both chambers for the Democratic Party , which, along with Franklin D. Roosevelt, also provided the president. The Republican Party only had the role in the opposition. During the legislative period there were a few resignations and deaths, but these did not change the majority. The Congress met in the American capital Washington, DC The United States at that time consisted of 48 states. The distribution of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1930 census .
Important events
During this legislative period, the US economy continued to recover from the effects of the Great Depression since the Great Depression . The trigger for this was, among other things, the coming into effect of some New Deal laws by the federal government.
- January 3, 1937: Beginning of the legislative period of the 75th Congress
- January 20, 1937: President Franklin D. Roosevelt inducted into his second term as US President. This is the first presidential induction on January 20th. Previously, the inaugurations took place every four years on March 4th. See also 20th Amendment to the United States Constitution .
- February 5, 1937: President Roosevelt introduces the so-called Court-Packing Plan, a judicial reform aimed at increasing the number of federal judges and thus indirectly allowing the president to influence the courts, since the judges are appointed by the president. The plan met with resistance from within his Democratic Party and was finally rejected by the Senate on July 22, 1937.
- March 26, 1937: William H. Hastie is the first man of African-American descent to become a federal judge.
- April 12, 1937: The United States Supreme Court declares the National Labor Relations Act , passed in 1935, constitutional.
- October 5, 1937: President Roosevelt delivers what has become known as the Quarantine Speech.
The main laws
During the session of the 75th Congress, the following federal laws were passed ( see also: Legislative procedure ):
- May 1, 1937: Neutrality Acts of 1937 see Neutrality Acts .
- June 3, 1937: Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937
- August 2, 1937: Marihuana Tax Act of 1937
- August 5, 1937: National Cancer Institute Act see also National Cancer Institute .
- August 17, 1937: Miller-Tydings Act
- March 21, 1938: Wheeler – Lea Act
- June 8, 1938: Foreign Agents Registration Act
- June 21, 1938: Natural Gas Act
- June 25, 1938: Civil Aeronautics Act
- June 25, 1938: Fair Labor Standards Act
- June 25, 1938: Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
- June 25, 1938: Wagner-O'Day Act
Composition according to parties
senate
- Democratic Party: 75 (majority)
- Republican Party: 16
- Others: 4
- Vacant: 1
Total: 96
House of Representatives
- Democratic Party: 334 (majority)
- Republican Party: 88
- Others 13
Total: 435
There were also four congressional delegates who were not entitled to vote
Public officials
senate
Leadership of the majority party
- Majority leader: Joseph Taylor Robinson (D) until July 14, 1937 then Alben W. Barkley (D)
- Majority swip: J. Hamilton Lewis (D)
Leadership of the minority party
- Minority Leader: Charles L. McNary (R)
- Minority whip: vacant between 1935 and 1945
House of Representatives
Leadership of the majority party
- Majority Leader: Sam Rayburn (D)
- Majority swip: Patrick J. Boland , (D)
Leadership of the minority party
- Minority Leader: Bertrand Snell (R)
- Minority whip: Harry Lane Englebright (R)
Senate members
The following senators represented their respective states in the 75th Congress:
Members of the House of Representatives
The following congressmen represented the interests of their respective states in the 75th Congress:
Members of the House of Representatives who are not entitled to vote:
-
Alaska Territory :
- Anthony Dimond (D)
- Hawaii Territory :
-
Philippines :
-
Quintín B. Paredes until September 29, 1938
- Joaquín Miguel Elizalde from September 29, 1938
-
Quintín B. Paredes until September 29, 1938
- Puerto Rico :
Web links
- bioguide.congress.gov (by entering 75 under Year OR Congress: you get a list of the members of the 75th Congress with a link to the official biographies; English)