Aurich district
| coat of arms | Germany map |
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Coordinates: 53 ° 30 ' N , 7 ° 22' E |
| Basic data | |
| Existing period: | 1885– |
| State : | Lower Saxony |
| Administrative headquarters : | Aurich |
| Area : | 1,287.31 km 2 |
| Residents: | 189,694 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density : | 147 inhabitants per km 2 |
| License plate : | AUR, NOR |
| Circle key : | 03 4 52 |
| NUTS : | DE947 |
| Circle structure: | 24 municipalities |
| Address of the district administration: |
Fischteichweg 7–13 26603 Aurich |
| Website : | |
| District Administrator : | Olaf Meinen (independent) |
| Location of the district of Aurich in Lower Saxony | |
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The district of Aurich , based in Aurich, is located in the far north-west of Lower Saxony . With around 190,000 inhabitants spread over around 1287 square kilometers, the district is the largest district in the East Friesland region in terms of both population and area , which consists of the districts of Aurich, Leer and Wittmund and the independent city of Emden . Aurich is the ninth largest district in Lower Saxony in terms of inhabitants (the tenth largest including the Hanover region ).
The district was created in the course of the Lower Saxony district reform in 1977 from the former district of Aurich (East Friesland) and the district of Norden . Today it has 24 cities and municipalities belonging to the district. Eleven of these communities have become two joint communities together. Four municipalities have city rights: Aurich, Norden , Norderney and Wiesmoor . The three places Hage , Marienhafe and Pewsum (municipality of Krummhörn) are town-like settlements with market rights, so-called spots .
The district of Aurich is known nationwide, especially as a holiday area with the three islands of Juist , Norderney and Baltrum as well as coastal resorts such as Norddeich and Greetsiel . In terms of the number of overnight stays, Aurich is the district with the most tourism in Lower Saxony.
geography
location
The district covers the north-western area of Germany with the offshore East Frisian islands Juist , Norderney and Baltrum .
The district forms the center of the historical East Friesland landscape .
Neighboring areas
The district borders clockwise to the east, starting with the districts of Wittmund and Leer, and the independent city of Emden . The North Sea coast forms a natural border in the west and north .
history
Districts were introduced in East Frisia as part of the Prussian municipal reform of 1885. They replaced the previous office structure that Prussia had initially taken over from the Hanoverian era. The Aurich district was formed in 1885 according to the new district regulations for the province of Hanover from the old Aurich office and the independent city of Aurich. In addition, the districts of Emden , Leer, Norden, Weener and Wittmund had existed in East Frisia since 1885 (to which the city of Wilhelmshaven was an exclave until April 1, 1919 ) and the independent city of Emden. The district of Aurich was not affected by the Prussian district reform of 1932.
In the 1930s there were a number of municipality mergers in the Aurich district, which resulted in the two new municipalities of Middels and Ihlowerhörn . On April 1, 1951, an enlarged community of Wiesmoor was formed from several communities and manor districts of the Aurich and Wittmund districts, which was assigned to the Aurich district. As a result, the area of the district of Aurich grew from 627.1 km² to 653.2 km².
During the municipality reform in Lower Saxony on July 1, 1972, larger unified municipalities were formed from originally 64 municipalities . On January 1, 1973, the communities of Boekzetelerfehn , Hatshausen , Iheringsfehn and Neuefehn moved from the district of Aurich to the district of Leer, where they were incorporated into the communities of Moormerland and Neukamperfehn . Since then, the district of Aurich has encompassed the city of Aurich and the four unified communities of Großefehn , Ihlow , Südbrookmerland and Wiesmoor on an area of 628.4 km² .
The district of Aurich in its current size was created on August 1st, 1977 in the course of the Lower Saxony district reform through the merger of the old district of Aurich (East Friesland) with the district of Norden. The addition (Ostfriesland) did not apply to the merger. Aurich was designated as the district seat, in the north only a branch of the district administration remained with offices that are generally more frequented by citizens, such as the social welfare office and the road traffic office. Even today, certain dividing lines between the former districts can occasionally be observed, especially in local politics. The ancient districts of Aurich and Norden are sometimes still used .
The three municipalities of the combined municipality of Dornum ( Dornum , Dornumersiel and Nesse ) were merged on November 1, 2001 to form the unified municipality of Dornum.
Population development
The population of the district of Aurich was significantly increased in 1977 through the incorporation of the district of Norden.
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politics
The district of Aurich is one of the strongholds of the SPD in Germany. In the 2005 Bundestag election, the party in the Aurich / Emden constituency, which includes the district and the city of Emden, achieved the best second-vote result in Germany with 55.9 percent of the vote. The SPD has the majority in the district council, and in many municipal councils it also has the majority or is part of a majority group. Several mayors also belong to the SPD. Recently, however, more and more non-party candidates have been able to prevail in the mayor elections, including in the district town of Aurich.
District council
The district council of the Aurich district consists of 58 elected members and the district administrator . The deputies are elected by local elections for five years each. The current term of office began on November 1, 2016 and ends on October 31, 2021.
The last local election on September 11, 2016 gave the following result (with the results of the previous elections) :
| Parties and constituencies | Voices 2016 |
Seats 2016 |
Voices 2011 |
Seats 2011 |
Voices 2006 |
Seats 2006 |
Voices 2001 |
Seats 2001 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPD | Social Democratic Party of Germany | 39.71% | 23 | 45.22% | 26th | 47.14% | 28 | 49.9% | 31 |
| CDU | Christian Democratic Union of Germany | 24.85% | 14th | 23.62% | 14th | 28.27% | 17th | 27.6% | 17th |
| Green | Alliance 90 / The Greens | 8.51% | 5 | 12.46% | 7th | 5.73% | 3 | 5.3% | 3 |
| AfD | Alternative for Germany | 6.08% | 4th | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| FW | Free voters - voter communities in the Aurich district (FW) | 4.53% | 3 | 9.15% | 5 | 10.78% | 6th | - | - |
| FDP | Free Democratic Party | 3.72% | 2 | 1.91% | 1 | 3.69% | 2 | 2.7% | 1 |
| left | The left | 3.27% | 2 | 3.08% | 2 | 3.47% | 2 | 1.4% | - |
| GFA | Together for Aurich | 2.14% | 1 | 2.43% | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| LtB | "Tom Brook" list | 1.90% | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| AWG | Aurich voter community | 1.90% | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| SWK | Social voter community Krummhörn (SWK) | 0.99% | 1 | 1.18% | 1 | 0.26% | - | - | - |
| Ezb. | Single applicant Roß | 0.95% | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| KLG | Krummhörner-Liste-Greetsiel-KLG | 0.28% | - | 0.37% | - | 0.38% | - | - | - |
| total | 58 | 58 | 58 | 59 | |||||
| Turnout in percent | 56.67 | 53.26 | 58.5 | 60.0 | |||||
- Die Linke: joined the PDS in 2001 .
- In addition to the elected members of the district council, the district administrator belongs to the district council.
District Administrator
The district administrator has been the main administrative officer of the district of Aurich since 2003 and is elected every eight years in a direct election by the district's eligible voters in a majority vote. In the last district election on May 26, 2019, the non-party Olaf Meinen prevailed in the first ballot with 53.5 percent of the votes against the previous incumbent Harm-Uwe Weber (SPD), who only won 32 percent of the votes. Bernd Iken, who was also non-party, won 14.5 percent. The turnout was 58.4 percent.
Previous district administrators
- 1893–1904: Lümko Iderhoff
- 1944–1945: Gotwin Krieger (NSDAP); District Administrator and District President
- 1946–1949: Wilhelm Hansen (CDU)
- 1949–1952: August Knippert (SPD)
- 1952–1962: Heinz Neier (CDU)
- 1962–1964: Robert Onnen (SPD)
- 1964–1968: Heinz Neier (CDU)
- 1968–1977: Hermann Hildebrand (SPD)
- 1977–2002: Hinrich Swieter (SPD)
- 2003–2011: Walter Theuerkauf (SPD) (first directly elected district administrator in the Aurich district)
- 2011–2019: Harm-Uwe Weber (SPD)
- since November 2019 Olaf Meinen (independent)
Former senior district directors
The senior district director was the main administrative officer until 2003, while the honorary district administrator only performed representative tasks.
- 1945–1955 Robert Onnen (SPD)
- 1955–1986 Friedrich Schuver
- 1986–1993 Hilko Schaumburg
- 1993-2003 Walter Theuerkauf (SPD)
Members of the Landtag and Bundestag
The Bundestag constituency Aurich - Emden includes the city of Emden and the district of Aurich. In the 2017 federal election , the social democrat Johann Saathoff was directly elected. No party candidate from the constituency entered the Bundestag via the parties' list.
In the case of state elections, the Aurich district is divided into three parts. The constituency of Aurich is completely in the district area. In addition, there are the constituencies of Emden / Norden (with the city of Emden) and the constituency of Wittmund / Insel , which includes the district of Wittmund and the municipalities of Wiesmoor, Dornum, Norderney, Juist and Baltrum from the Aurich district. Since the state elections in Lower Saxony in 2017, Matthias Arends (Emden / Norden, SPD), Wiard Siebels (Aurich, SPD) and Jochen Beekhuis (Wittmund / Insel, SPD) have been MPs from the region . Hillgriet Eilers ( FDP ) also moved into the Lower Saxony state parliament via the state list .
Holdings
The Aurich district administration has a number of companies organized under private law and holds shares in companies. The Ubbo-Emmius-Klinik gGmbH is 100 percent owned by the district and operates two hospitals in Aurich and Norden. The district has a 25 percent stake in Behindertenhilfe Norden gGmbH. The district also has a 100 percent share in the district adult education center and the music school, and 87.75 percent in the district's rescue service. The Aurich orbit belongs to two thirds of the circle . The district also owns shares in tourism development companies.
coat of arms
The coat of arms of the Aurich district shows a golden angel, which is modeled on the former coat of arms of the Cirksena family, a noble family from Greetsiel . This is not a "real" angel, but a harpy , a female doom demon with wings and claws from Greek mythology, also known as the "virgin eagle" in heraldry .
Economy and Infrastructure
The district of Aurich is largely characterized by a few medium-sized companies, agriculture and tourism.
In the future atlas 2016 , the district of Aurich was ranked 340 out of 402 districts, municipal associations and independent cities in Germany, making it one of the regions with “future risks”. The district was one of the structurally weakest areas in Lower Saxony.
traffic
Road traffic
7.2 kilometers of the A 31 from Emden to Bottrop run through the district of Aurich . Furthermore, there are 93.5 kilometers of federal highways in the district , namely in the course of the B 72 , the B 210 and the B 436 . The state roads with the numbers 1 to 8, 12, 14, 25-27 and 34 run wholly or partially in the Aurich district. There are a total of 179.4 kilometers of state roads. As the road construction agency, the district is responsible for 393.7 kilometers of district roads .
Rail transport
The Prussian state railway opened in 1883, the railway line from Emden to the former county seat north and from there to Jever and Wilhelmshaven / Oldenburg. From Abelitz , at the same time as the Emden - Norden line was being built, a branch line to the then district capital Aurich was laid. A continuation from Norden to Norddeich followed in 1892, the extension to Norddeich Mole , which enabled a direct connection to the ferries to Norderney , Juist and Baltrum , was completed in 1895.
Currently (2017) the four railway stations Marienhafe , Norden , Norddeich and Norddeich Mole on the electrified railway line from Rheine are regularly served by local and long-distance passenger rail services. In addition to a regional express that runs every two hours , which branches off in Leer and connects the stations via Oldenburg and Bremen with Hanover, there are also intercity trains on line 35 every two hours via Münster, Duisburg and Düsseldorf to Cologne and, in some cases, to Koblenz / Stuttgart / Constance. There are also individual intercity connections on line 56 Norddeich Mole - Bremen - Hanover - Magdeburg - Leipzig / Berlin . From the north, a bus connection creates a connection to the trains from Esens to Wilhelmshaven as well as to the coastal bathing resorts and ferry ports in the districts of Aurich and Wittmund . The above-mentioned north – Esens railway connection can only be used as far as Dornum after dismantling part of the track . The Ostfriesland Museum Railroad Association has been operating a museum railroad here since 1987 . In addition, there is a real chance that in the long term the route will be made passable again to Wilhelmshaven . In 2009, the neighboring municipalities signed a contract to secure the route, after an expert report on reactivation commissioned by them was largely positive.
Almost 15 years after the closure, the line from Abelitz to Aurich was reopened in 2008, not least after the wind turbine manufacturer Enercon had made it clear to the city of Aurich that further investments in the location are dependent on a connection to the railway network. Today mainly goods traffic to the port of Emden takes place here. There are currently no plans to reactivate passenger transport. Aurich thus remains one of the few district towns in Germany without a connection to rail passenger transport.
In the past, there were also other rail connections in the district: On the island of Juist, AG Reederei Norden-Frisia operated a horse-drawn tram from 1898 and on July 27, 1899 the Emden – Pewsum – Greetsiel district railway began operations. From Aurich, the routes of the Kreisbahn Leer-Aurich-Wittmund GmbH (originally Kreisbahn Wittmund-Aurich-Leer GmbH), in which three districts were involved, led to Wittmund in 1899 (with the Ogenbargen - Esens - Bensersiel junction completed in 1909) and in 1900 Großefehn to Leer. Today, after the facilities have been dismantled, their traces can only be seen sporadically.
Healthcare
| hospital | Seat | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 |
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| Ubbo-Emmius-Klinik (UEK) (until the end of 2004: Aurich District Hospital ) |
Aurich | 309 | 309 | 309 | 309 | 309 | 309 | 296 | 296 | 296 | 296 |
| Ubbo-Emmius-Klinik (UEK) (until the end of 2004: North District Hospital ) |
north | 277 | 269 | 258 | 258 | 258 | 258 | 258 | 258 | 258 | 258 |
| Allergy and Dermatology Clinic Norderney (AHK), from 2006: Norderney Hospital |
Norderney | 90 | 89 | 89 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 71 | 71 |
| Dr.-von-Halem Hospital (municipal), merged with the AHK in 2006 to form the Norderney Hospital |
Norderney | 25th | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| total | 701 | 667 | 656 | 648 | 648 | 648 | 635 | 635 | 625 | 625 |
In 2012, the Ubbo-Emmius-Klinik (UEK) operated by the district of Aurich employed a total of 1,270 people (including 136 doctors) and cared for around 23,915 inpatients and 2,007 psychiatric patients.
In a referendum in 2017, the majority of the citizens of the district voted for the creation of a central clinic in Georgsheil, also responsible for Emden . The approval in Emden, which is also required, was only given in 2019 after it was initially denied in 2017.
Sports
In Halbemond is the largest stadium in East Friesland, the Motodrom Halbemond with a capacity of 50,000 seats. It was built specifically for the 1983 Speedway World Championship. The handball third division (regional division) OHV Aurich is the top-class handball club in the district.
Culture
Communities
(Residents on December 31, 2019)
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Joint municipalities with their member municipalities
* Seat of the joint municipality administration
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- North Sea island of Memmert (5.17 km², uninhabited)
Former parishes
The following list contains all former municipalities of the Aurich district and all incorporations:
Protected areas
In addition to landscape protection areas and natural monuments, there are 15 designated nature reserves in the district (as of February 2017).
See also:
- List of nature reserves in the Aurich district
- List of landscape protection areas in the Aurich district
- List of natural monuments in the Aurich district
- List of protected landscape components in the Aurich district
License Plate
On July 1, 1956, the Aurich district (East Friesland) was assigned the distinguishing mark AUR when the license plates that are still valid today were introduced . It is issued in the Aurich district until today.
Until the 1990s, vehicles from the old district of Norden received license plates with the letter groups AA to SZ and the numbers from 100 to 999.
Since November 15, 2012, the distinguishing symbol NOR (north) has also been available.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019 ( help ).
- ^ District regulation for the province of Hanover (1884)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. aurich.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Law on the formation of the community Wiesmoor, district Aurich of March 28, 1951
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany 1952
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany 1953
- ↑ Law on the reorganization of the communities in the Emden - Norden - Aurich - Wittmund area of June 23, 1971
- ↑ Law on the restructuring of the communities in the areas of Leer and Aschendorf-Hümmling of November 20, 1972
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany 1975
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany 1972
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany 1977
- ↑ landkreis-aurich.de Result of the 2016 local elections
- ↑ landkreis-aurich.de ( Memento of the original from September 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Result of the 2011 local elections
- ↑ landkreis-aurich.de ( Memento of the original from September 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Result of the local elections in 2006
- ↑ nls.niedersachsen.de Result of the 2001 local elections
- ↑ Emder Zeitung: Olaf Meinen becomes Aurich's new district administrator
- ↑ Glossary: District Aurich - District Administrator ( Memento of the original from August 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 1, 2017
- ↑ Aurich District Administrator celebrated his 65th birthday , accessed on January 1, 2017
- ^ Nordwest-Zeitung: Bundestag election: These members represent our region . In: NWZonline . ( nwzonline.de [accessed September 29, 2017]).
- ↑ Emder Zeitung of October 16, 2017: Nationwide strongest SPD constituency in East Frisia . Retrieved October 23, 2017.
- ^ Ostfriesischer Kurier , January 10, 2008, p. 10
- ↑ Future Atlas 2016. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 2, 2017 ; accessed on March 23, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ data mirror 2009, ed. from the district of Aurich
- ↑ Norden.de reactivation of the coastal railway Ostfriesland
- ↑ The short way to the port (PDF; 1.3 MB)
- ↑ taz.de A city relies on the rails
- ↑ NDR from June 12, 2017
- ↑ https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/niedersachsen/oldenburg_ostfriesland/Emder-stimmen-bei-zweiter-Wahl-fuer-Zentralklinik,zentralklinik120.html
- ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019 ( help ).
- ↑ Municipality directory of the Aurich district
- ^ Territorial.de: District of Aurich
- ^ Community encyclopedia for the Free State of Prussia: Province of Hanover. Publishing house of the Prussian State Statistical Office, 1930.
Counties : Ammerland | Aurich | Celle | Cloppenburg | Cuxhaven | Diepholz | Emsland | Friesland | Gifhorn | Goslar | Göttingen | County of Bentheim | Hameln-Pyrmont | Harburg | Heidekreis | Helmstedt | Hildesheim | Holzminden | Empty | Lüchow-Dannenberg | Lüneburg | Nienburg / Weser | Northeim | Oldenburg | Osnabrück | Osterholz | Peine | Rotenburg (Wümme) | Schaumburg | Stade | Uelzen | Vechta | Verden | Wesermarsch | Wittmund | Wolfenbüttel
Region : Hanover
Independent cities : Braunschweig | Delmenhorst | Emden | Oldenburg (Oldb) | Osnabrück | Salzgitter | Wilhelmshaven | Wolfsburg