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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{taxobox
{{speciesbox
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|genus = Paeonia
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
⚫
|species = sterniana
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
⚫
|authority = H.R.Fletcher
|unranked_ordo = [[Core eudicots]]
|ordo = [[Saxifragales]]
|familia = [[Paeoniaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Paeonia (plant)|Paeonia]]''
⚫
|species = '''''P. sterniana'''''
|binomial = ''Paeonia sterniana''
⚫
|binomial_authority = H.R.Fletcher
|synonyms = ''P. emodi'' subsp. ''sterniana'' <ref>{{cite web|website= The Plantlist|title= Paeonia sterniana|url= http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2560974|accessdate= 2016-07-15}}</ref>
|synonyms = ''P. emodi'' subsp. ''sterniana'' <ref>{{cite web|website= The Plantlist|title= Paeonia sterniana|url= http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2560974|accessdate= 2016-07-15}}</ref>
|}}
}}


'''''Paeonia sterniana''''' is a perennial, herbaceous peony of approximately 45&nbsp;cm high in cultivation, with white or sometimes pinkish flowers. It grows in the wild in southeastern Tibet. This peony is very rare in cultivation. It produces blue seeds in autumn.<ref>Peonies: The Imperial Flower by Jane Fearnley-Whittingstall ISBN 0-297-82424-4</ref> Its common name in Chinese is '''白花芍药''' (bai hua shao yao), which means "white peony".<ref name=FoC>{{cite web|website= Flora of China|title= Paeonia sterniana|url= http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200008040|accessdate= 2016-08-08}}</ref>
'''''Paeonia sterniana''''' is a perennial, herbaceous peony of approximately 45&nbsp;cm high in cultivation, with white or sometimes pinkish flowers. It grows in the wild in southeastern Tibet. This peony is very rare in cultivation. It produces blue seeds in autumn.<ref>Peonies: The Imperial Flower by Jane Fearnley-Whittingstall {{ISBN|0-297-82424-4}}</ref> Its common name in Chinese is '''白花芍药''' (bai hua shao yao), which means "white peony".<ref name=FoC>{{cite web|website= Flora of China|title= Paeonia sterniana|url= http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200008040|accessdate= 2016-08-08}}</ref>


== Description ==
== Description ==
''Paeonia sterniana'' is a [[Indumentum|hairless]] [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[herbaceous plant]] of up to 90&nbsp;cm high, with leaves alternately set along the stems, which flowers in it home range in May, while the seeds are ripe as off September.<ref name=FoC />It is a [[diploid]] [[nothospecies]] with ten chromosomes (2n=10), that results from hybridisation between ''P. lactiflora'' and ''P. mairei''.
''Paeonia sterniana'' is a [[Indumentum|hairless]] [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[herbaceous plant]] of up to 90&nbsp;cm high, with leaves alternately set along the stems, which flowers in it home range in May, while the seeds are ripe as off September.<ref name=FoC /> It is a [[diploid]] [[nothospecies]] with ten chromosomes (2n=10), that results from hybridisation between ''P. lactiflora'' and ''P. mairei''.<ref name=SCS>{{cite journal|first1= Tao|last1= Sang|first2= Daniel J.|last2= Crawford|first3= Tod F.|last3=Stuessy|year= 1995|title= Documentation of reticulate evolution in peonies (''Paeonia'') using internal transcripted spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA: Implications for biogeography and concerted evolution |journal= Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume= 92 |issue= 15|pages= 6813–6817 |doi=10.1073/pnas.92.15.6813|pmc= 41419 |pmid=7624325|bibcode= 1995PNAS...92.6813S|doi-access= free}}</ref>


=== Root, stem and leaves ===
=== Root, stem and leaves ===
It has thick tapering roots, that are reminescent of carrots and are up to 30&nbsp;cm long and 1.5&nbsp;cm thick. The lower leaves consist of three sets of three or more leaflets, those in the middle with three main segments and each one incised, while the side leaflets have two uneaqual segments. The leaflets are dark green above and [[glaucous]] beneath, linear-oblong or lanceolate in shape, 5-12&nbsp;cm long and 1-2½&nbsp;cm wide, with a base that gradually narrows into the leaflet stalk segments, lobed or with an entire margin and a pointy tip. The number of segments and lobes may be between twenty and forty.<ref name=FoC /><ref name=TGP>{{cite book|first= Martin|last= Page|year= 2005|title= The Gardener's Peony - Herbaceous and Tree Peonies|pages= 66-67}} ''cited on'' {{cite web|website= HelpMeFind|title= 'P. sterniana H.R. Fletcher' peony References|url= http://www.helpmefind.com/rose/pl.php?n=61910&tab=7&qn=0&qc=b|accessdate= 2016-08-08}}</ref>
It has thick tapering roots, that are reminiscent of carrots and are up to 30&nbsp;cm long and 1½&nbsp;cm thick. The lower leaves consist of three sets of three or more leaflets, those in the middle with three main segments and each one incised, while the side leaflets have two unequal segments. The leaflets are dark green above and [[glaucous]] beneath, linear-oblong or lanceolate in shape, 5–12&nbsp;cm long and 1-2½&nbsp;cm wide, with a base that gradually narrows into the leaflet stalk segments, lobed or with an entire margin and a pointy tip. The number of segments and lobes may be between twenty and forty.<ref name=FoC /><ref name=TGP>{{cite book|first= Martin|last= Page|year= 2005|title= The Gardener's Peony - Herbaceous and Tree Peonies|pages= 66–67}} ''cited on'' {{cite web|website= HelpMeFind|title= 'P. sterniana H.R. Fletcher' peony References|url= http://www.helpmefind.com/rose/pl.php?n=61910&tab=7&qn=0&qc=b|accessdate= 2016-08-08}}</ref>


=== Flowers, fruits and seed ===
=== Flowers, fruits and seed ===
The flowers occur with one together at the end of the stem, are 8-10&nbsp;cm in diameter, although sometimes aborted flower buds may be found in the axil of highest leaves. Each flower is subtended by three or four uneaqual leaflet-like [[bract]]s. Each flower has three or four roundish [[sepal]]s of 2-2½&nbsp;×&nbsp;1½-2&nbsp;cm, more or less extending into a narrow tip. The white or pale pink [[petal]]s have an inverted egg-shape and are about 3½&nbsp;×&nbsp;2&nbsp;cm. Both the [[Stamen#Morphology and terminology|filaments]] and anthers are yellow. There is very short yellow [[disk]] which encloses the base of two to four green and hairless carpels, which are topped by red to purple [[Stigma (botany)|stigmas]]. The carpels later develop in to ovoid fruits called [[Follicle (fruit)|follicle]] of 2½-3&nbsp;cm long and about 1&nbsp;cm wide.<ref name=FoC /> Mature seeds are indigo-blue while the inside of the follicles is bright red.<ref name=TGP />
The flowers occur with one together at the end of the stem, are 8–10&nbsp;cm in diameter, although sometimes aborted flower buds may be found in the axil of highest leaves. Each flower is subtended by three or four unequal leaflet-like [[bract]]s. Each flower has three, rarely four roundish [[sepal]]s of 2-2½&nbsp;×&nbsp;1½-2&nbsp;cm, more or less extending into a narrow tip. The white or pale pink [[petal]]s have an inverted egg-shape and are about 3½&nbsp;×&nbsp;2&nbsp;cm. Both the [[Stamen#Morphology and terminology|filaments]] and anthers are yellow. There is very short yellow [[Glossary of plant morphology terms#Disk|disk]] which encloses the base of two to four green and hairless carpels, which are topped by white styles capped by red to purple [[Stigma (botany)|stigmas]]. The carpels later develop into ovoid fruits called [[Follicle (fruit)|follicle]] of 2½-3&nbsp;cm long and about 1&nbsp;cm wide.<ref name=FoC /> Mature seeds are indigo-blue while the inside of the follicles is bright red.<ref name=TGP />


=== Differences with related species ===
=== Differences with related species ===
''[[Paeonia emodi]]'' is much alike ''P. sterniana'', having white flowers with entirely yellow stamens, and segmented leaflets. ''P. emodi'' however is with upto 1&nbsp;m much taller, has only one or rarely two carpels developing per flower which are softly hairy, has several flowers per stem, and ten to fifteen segments in each lower leaf, while in ''P. sterniana'' flowers are solitary, have two to four hairless carpels and the lower leaves consist of twenty to forty segments and lobes.<ref name=FoC /><ref name=PotW>{{cite book|first= De-Yuan|last= Hong|year= 2010|title= Peonies of the World|volume= 1: Taxonomy and Phytogeography|publisher= Kew Publishing/Missouri Botanical Garden|location= London/St. Louis}} ''cited on'' {{cite web|website= HelpMeFind|title= 'P. sterniana H.R. Fletcher' peony References|url= http://www.helpmefind.com/rose/pl.php?n=61910&tab=7&qn=0&qc=b|accessdate= 2016-08-08}}</ref>
''[[Paeonia emodi]]'' is much alike ''P. sterniana'', having white flowers with entirely yellow stamens, and segmented leaflets. ''P. emodi'' however is with up to 1&nbsp;m much taller, has only one or rarely two carpels developing per flower which are softly hairy, has several flowers per stem, and ten to fifteen segments in each lower leaf, while in ''P. sterniana'' flowers are solitary, have two to four hairless carpels and the lower leaves consist of twenty to forty segments and lobes.<ref name=FoC /><ref name=PotW>{{cite book|first= De-Yuan|last= Hong|year= 2010|title= Peonies of the World|volume= 1: Taxonomy and Phytogeography|publisher= Kew Publishing/Missouri Botanical Garden|location= London/St. Louis}} ''cited on'' {{cite web|website= HelpMeFind|title= 'P. sterniana H.R. Fletcher' peony References|url= http://www.helpmefind.com/rose/pl.php?n=61910&tab=7&qn=0&qc=b|accessdate= 2016-08-08}}</ref> The seeds ''P. emodi'' ripen much later than those of ''P. sterniana'', which are already shed in August.<ref>{{cite journal|first= H.R.|last= Fletcher|year= 1959|title= A New Species of Paeony: Paeonia sterniana H.R.Fletcher|journal= Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society|pages= 326–328}} ''cited on'' {{cite web|website= paeon|title= A New Species of Paeony: Paeonia sterniana H.R.Fletcher|url= http://www.paeon.de/h1/strfle.html|accessdate= 2016-08-10}}</ref>


== Taxonomy ==
== Taxonomy ==
''P. sterniana'' resulted from [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridisation]] between ''[[Paeonia lactiflora|P. lactiflora]]'' and ''[[Paeonia mairei|P. mairei]]'' which in the past probably were [[Sympatry|sympatric]] in the Himalayas, but are no longer present in the same area where ''P. sterniana'' occurs.<ref name=SCS>{{cite journal|first1= Tao|last1= Sang|first2= Daniel J.|last2= Crawford|first3= Tod F.|last3=Stuessy|year= 1995|title= Documentation of reticulate evolution in peonies (''Paeonia'') using internal transcripted spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA: Implications for biogeography and concerted evolution |journal= Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume= 92 |pages= 6813–6817 |url=http://www.pnas.org/content/92/15/6813.full.pdf }}</ref> ''P. sterniana'' was discovered for western science in 1938, by [[Frank Ludlow]] and [[George Taylor]]. Seeds were brought to the West in 1947, and subsequently cultivation started at [[Kew Gardens]].<ref name=TGP /> [[Harold Roy Fletcher]] described the species in 1959. In 1997 [[Joseph Halda]] thought this taxon not worthy of full species status and reduced it to ''P. emodi'' subsp. ''sterniana''.<ref>{{cite journal|first= J.J.|last= Halda|year= 1997|title= Systematic treatment of the Genus Paeonia L. with some nomenclatural changes |journal= Acta Musei Richnoviensis|volume= 4|issue= 2|page= 29}}</ref>
''Paeonia sterniana'' resulted from [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridisation]] between ''[[Paeonia lactiflora|P. lactiflora]]'' and ''[[Paeonia mairei|P. mairei]]'' which in the past probably were [[Sympatry|sympatric]] in the Himalayas, but are no longer present in the same area where ''P. sterniana'' occurs.<ref name=SCS /> ''P. sterniana'' was discovered for western science in 1938, by [[Frank Ludlow]] and [[George Taylor (botanist)|George Taylor]]. Seeds were brought to the West in 1947, and subsequently cultivation started at [[Kew Gardens]].<ref name=TGP /> [[Harold Roy Fletcher]] described the species in 1959. In 1997 [[Joseph Halda]] thought this taxon not worthy of full species status and reduced it to ''P. emodi'' subsp. ''sterniana''.<ref>{{cite journal|first= J.J.|last= Halda|year= 1997|title= Systematic treatment of the Genus Paeonia L. with some nomenclatural changes |journal= Acta Musei Richnoviensis|volume= 4|issue= 2|page= 29}}</ref> This view however is not supported in the most recent literature.<ref name=PotW />


=== Etymology ===
=== Etymology ===
Line 34: Line 28:


== Distribution ==
== Distribution ==
''P. sterniana'' grows among shrubs on stony slopes, and in oak forest, between 2800-3500&nbsp;m altitude, in southeastern Tibet ([[Tsangpo]] Valley), particularly in Kongbo, Tamnyen, and Gyala.<ref name=Halda>{{cite book|first1= Josef J.|last1= Halda|first2= J.W.|last2= Waddick|year= 2004|title= the genus Paeonia|publisher= Timber Press|location= Portland, Oregon}} ''cited on'' {{cite web|website= HelpMeFind|title= 'P. sterniana H.R. Fletcher' peony References|url= http://www.helpmefind.com/rose/pl.php?n=61910&tab=7&qn=0&qc=b|accessdate= 2016-08-08}}</ref>
''Paeonia sterniana'' grows among shrubs on stony slopes, and in oak forest, between 2800–3500&nbsp;m altitude, in southeastern [[Tibet]] ([[Yarlung Zangbo River|Tsangpo]] Valley), particularly in Kongbo, Tamnyen, and Gyala.<ref name=Halda>{{cite book|first1= Josef J.|last1= Halda|first2= J.W.|last2= Waddick|year= 2004|title= The genus Paeonia|publisher= Timber Press|location= Portland, Oregon}} ''cited on'' {{cite web|website= HelpMeFind|title= 'P. sterniana H.R. Fletcher' peony References|url= http://www.helpmefind.com/rose/pl.php?n=61910&tab=7&qn=0&qc=b|accessdate= 2016-08-08}}</ref>


== Cultivation ==
== Cultivation ==
This species is said to be easy to grow, though requiring well-drained soil, and thought to be particularly suited for [[rock garden]]s.<ref name=TGP />
This species is said to be easy to grow, though requiring well-drained soil, and thought to be particularly suited for [[rock garden]]s.<ref name=TGP />


⚫
==References==
== External links ==
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q7124103}}
* [http://www.paeon.de/h2006/burkhardt/china/html/19.html several illustrative photos]

⚫
==References==
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Peonies|sterniana]]
[[Category:Peonies|sterniana]]
Line 50: Line 42:
[[Category:Plants described in 1959]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1959]]
[[Category:Garden plants of Asia]]
[[Category:Garden plants of Asia]]
[[Category:Perennial plants]]

Latest revision as of 02:33, 13 September 2021

Paeonia sterniana
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Saxifragales
Family: Paeoniaceae
Genus: Paeonia
Species:
P. sterniana
Binomial name
Paeonia sterniana
H.R.Fletcher
Synonyms

P. emodi subsp. sterniana [1]

Paeonia sterniana is a perennial, herbaceous peony of approximately 45 cm high in cultivation, with white or sometimes pinkish flowers. It grows in the wild in southeastern Tibet. This peony is very rare in cultivation. It produces blue seeds in autumn.[2] Its common name in Chinese is 白花芍药 (bai hua shao yao), which means "white peony".[3]

Description[edit]

Paeonia sterniana is a hairless perennial herbaceous plant of up to 90 cm high, with leaves alternately set along the stems, which flowers in it home range in May, while the seeds are ripe as off September.[3] It is a diploid nothospecies with ten chromosomes (2n=10), that results from hybridisation between P. lactiflora and P. mairei.[4]

Root, stem and leaves[edit]

It has thick tapering roots, that are reminiscent of carrots and are up to 30 cm long and 1½ cm thick. The lower leaves consist of three sets of three or more leaflets, those in the middle with three main segments and each one incised, while the side leaflets have two unequal segments. The leaflets are dark green above and glaucous beneath, linear-oblong or lanceolate in shape, 5–12 cm long and 1-2½ cm wide, with a base that gradually narrows into the leaflet stalk segments, lobed or with an entire margin and a pointy tip. The number of segments and lobes may be between twenty and forty.[3][5]

Flowers, fruits and seed[edit]

The flowers occur with one together at the end of the stem, are 8–10 cm in diameter, although sometimes aborted flower buds may be found in the axil of highest leaves. Each flower is subtended by three or four unequal leaflet-like bracts. Each flower has three, rarely four roundish sepals of 2-2½ × 1½-2 cm, more or less extending into a narrow tip. The white or pale pink petals have an inverted egg-shape and are about 3½ × 2 cm. Both the filaments and anthers are yellow. There is very short yellow disk which encloses the base of two to four green and hairless carpels, which are topped by white styles capped by red to purple stigmas. The carpels later develop into ovoid fruits called follicle of 2½-3 cm long and about 1 cm wide.[3] Mature seeds are indigo-blue while the inside of the follicles is bright red.[5]

Differences with related species[edit]

Paeonia emodi is much alike P. sterniana, having white flowers with entirely yellow stamens, and segmented leaflets. P. emodi however is with up to 1 m much taller, has only one or rarely two carpels developing per flower which are softly hairy, has several flowers per stem, and ten to fifteen segments in each lower leaf, while in P. sterniana flowers are solitary, have two to four hairless carpels and the lower leaves consist of twenty to forty segments and lobes.[3][6] The seeds P. emodi ripen much later than those of P. sterniana, which are already shed in August.[7]

Taxonomy[edit]

Paeonia sterniana resulted from hybridisation between P. lactiflora and P. mairei which in the past probably were sympatric in the Himalayas, but are no longer present in the same area where P. sterniana occurs.[4] P. sterniana was discovered for western science in 1938, by Frank Ludlow and George Taylor. Seeds were brought to the West in 1947, and subsequently cultivation started at Kew Gardens.[5] Harold Roy Fletcher described the species in 1959. In 1997 Joseph Halda thought this taxon not worthy of full species status and reduced it to P. emodi subsp. sterniana.[8] This view however is not supported in the most recent literature.[6]

Etymology[edit]

The species was named in honor of Frederick Claude Stern, who supported plant hunting in China and wrote a comprehensive book on peonies.[9]

Distribution[edit]

Paeonia sterniana grows among shrubs on stony slopes, and in oak forest, between 2800–3500 m altitude, in southeastern Tibet (Tsangpo Valley), particularly in Kongbo, Tamnyen, and Gyala.[10]

Cultivation[edit]

This species is said to be easy to grow, though requiring well-drained soil, and thought to be particularly suited for rock gardens.[5]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Paeonia sterniana". The Plantlist. Retrieved 2016-07-15.
  2. ^ Peonies: The Imperial Flower by Jane Fearnley-Whittingstall ISBN 0-297-82424-4
  3. ^ a b c d e "Paeonia sterniana". Flora of China. Retrieved 2016-08-08.
  4. ^ a b Sang, Tao; Crawford, Daniel J.; Stuessy, Tod F. (1995). "Documentation of reticulate evolution in peonies (Paeonia) using internal transcripted spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA: Implications for biogeography and concerted evolution". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (15): 6813–6817. Bibcode:1995PNAS...92.6813S. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.15.6813. PMC 41419. PMID 7624325.
  5. ^ a b c d Page, Martin (2005). The Gardener's Peony - Herbaceous and Tree Peonies. pp. 66–67. cited on "'P. sterniana H.R. Fletcher' peony References". HelpMeFind. Retrieved 2016-08-08.
  6. ^ a b Hong, De-Yuan (2010). Peonies of the World. Vol. 1: Taxonomy and Phytogeography. London/St. Louis: Kew Publishing/Missouri Botanical Garden. cited on "'P. sterniana H.R. Fletcher' peony References". HelpMeFind. Retrieved 2016-08-08.
  7. ^ Fletcher, H.R. (1959). "A New Species of Paeony: Paeonia sterniana H.R.Fletcher". Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society: 326–328. cited on "A New Species of Paeony: Paeonia sterniana H.R.Fletcher". paeon. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
  8. ^ Halda, J.J. (1997). "Systematic treatment of the Genus Paeonia L. with some nomenclatural changes". Acta Musei Richnoviensis. 4 (2): 29.
  9. ^ Rogers, Allan (1995). Peonies. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. cited on "'P. sterniana H.R. Fletcher' peony References". HelpMeFind. Retrieved 2016-08-08.
  10. ^ Halda, Josef J.; Waddick, J.W. (2004). The genus Paeonia. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. cited on "'P. sterniana H.R. Fletcher' peony References". HelpMeFind. Retrieved 2016-08-08.
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