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{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| image = Leathesia_difformis.jpg
| image = Leathesia_difformis.jpg
| taxon = Leathesia difformis
| taxon = Leathesia marina
| synonyms = ''Leathesia difformis''
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Aresch.]]
| authority = (Lyngbye]]) [[Decaisne]]
}}
}}


'''''Leathesia difformis''''', is a synonym for '''''Leathesia marina''''' (Lyngbye) Decaisne, 1842, commonly known as the '''sea cauliflower''' and the '''sea potato'''. It is a species of [[Littoral zone|littoral]] [[brown algae]] in the [[class (biology)|class]] [[Phaeophyceae]] and the order [[Ectocarpales]] which is commonly attached to other seaweeds and sometimes rocks. When young, the organism is solid but as it matures it becomes hollow and somewhat convoluted and has the appearance of a small leathery brown bag about the same size as a [[tennis ball]]. The texture is rubbery and the outer surface smooth.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}
'''''Leathesia marina''''' (Lyngbye) Decaisne, 1842, previously known as '''''Leathesia difformis''''' Areschoug, 1847, commonly known as the '''sea cauliflower''' the '''sea potato''', and '''brown brains''' is a species of [[Littoral zone|littoral]] [[brown algae]] in the [[class (biology)|class]] [[Phaeophyceae]] and the order [[Ectocarpales]],<ref> Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2023). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). ''Leathesia difformis'' Areschoug, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=144953 on 2023-10-14 </ref> which is commonly attached to other seaweeds and sometimes rocks. When young, the organism is solid but as it matures it becomes hollow and somewhat convoluted and has the appearance of a small leathery brown bag about the same size as a [[tennis ball]]. The texture is rubbery and the outer surface smooth.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}


These brain-like brown seaweeds can be found growing on rock or as [[epiphyte]]s on other seaweeds in the mid to low [[intertidal zone|intertidal]]. Individuals can grow to ~{{convert|15|cm}} in diameter. Young individuals can resemble other globular forms of algae, such as ''[[Soranthera ulvoidea]]''.<ref name="SoA">{{cite web|last1=Lindeberg|first1=Mandy|last2=Lindstrom|first2=Sandra|title=Studded Sea Balloons ''Soranthera ulvoidea''|url=http://www.seaweedsofalaska.com/species.asp?SeaweedID=54|website=Seaweeds of Alaska|accessdate=5 May 2018|language=English}}</ref><ref name="Cho">{{cite journal|last1=Cho|first1=Ga Youn|last2=Kim|first2=Myung-Sook|last3=Boo|first3=Sung Min|title=Phylogenetic Relationships of ''Soranthera ulvoidea'' (Chordariaceae, Phaeophyceae) on the Basis of Morphology and Molecular Data|journal=Algae|date=6 January 2005|volume=20|issue=2|pages=91–97|doi=10.4490/ALGAE.2005.20.2.091|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264168388|accessdate=24 May 2018|language=English|format=PDF|issn=1226-2617|oclc=4663643362|doi-access=free}}</ref> To determine if it is ''[[Leathesia]]'', squeeze and flatten a piece between your fingers. Leathesia will break apart into filaments whereas other globular forms will flatten but remain intact.<ref name="WSU">[http://www.beachwatchers.wsu.edu/ezidweb/seaweeds/Leathesia.htm "Leathesia difformis"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531192248/http://beachwatchers.wsu.edu/ezidweb/seaweeds/Leathesia.htm |date=2010-05-31 }}, 18 December 2006. Retrieved on 8 February 2012.</ref><ref name="Holmeson">{{cite web|last1=Holmeson|first1=Jan|title=''Soranthera ulvoides'' (Studded sea balloon)|url=https://soundwaterstewards.org/ezidweb/seaweeds/Soranthera.htm|website=Sound Water Stewards|publisher=Periwinkle Press|accessdate=5 May 2018|location=Oak Harbor, WA|language=English|date=19 December 2006}}</ref>
These brain-like brown seaweeds can be found growing on rock or as [[epiphyte]]s on other seaweeds in the mid to low [[intertidal zone|intertidal]]. Individuals can grow to ~{{convert|15|cm}} in diameter. Young individuals can resemble other globular forms of algae, such as ''[[Soranthera ulvoidea]]''.<ref name="SoA">{{cite web|last1=Lindeberg|first1=Mandy|last2=Lindstrom|first2=Sandra|title=Studded Sea Balloons ''Soranthera ulvoidea''|url=http://www.seaweedsofalaska.com/species.asp?SeaweedID=54|website=Seaweeds of Alaska|accessdate=5 May 2018|language=English}}</ref><ref name="Cho">{{cite journal|last1=Cho|first1=Ga Youn|last2=Kim|first2=Myung-Sook|last3=Boo|first3=Sung Min|title=Phylogenetic Relationships of ''Soranthera ulvoidea'' (Chordariaceae, Phaeophyceae) on the Basis of Morphology and Molecular Data|journal=Algae|date=6 January 2005|volume=20|issue=2|pages=91–97|doi=10.4490/ALGAE.2005.20.2.091|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264168388|accessdate=24 May 2018|language=English|format=PDF|issn=1226-2617|oclc=4663643362|doi-access=free}}</ref> To determine if it is ''[[Leathesia]]'', squeeze and flatten a piece between your fingers. Leathesia will break apart into filaments whereas other globular forms will flatten but remain intact.<ref name="WSU">[http://www.beachwatchers.wsu.edu/ezidweb/seaweeds/Leathesia.htm "Leathesia difformis"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531192248/http://beachwatchers.wsu.edu/ezidweb/seaweeds/Leathesia.htm |date=2010-05-31 }}, 18 December 2006. Retrieved on 8 February 2012.</ref><ref name="Holmeson">{{cite web|last1=Holmeson|first1=Jan|title=''Soranthera ulvoides'' (Studded sea balloon)|url=https://soundwaterstewards.org/ezidweb/seaweeds/Soranthera.htm|website=Sound Water Stewards|publisher=Periwinkle Press|accessdate=5 May 2018|location=Oak Harbor, WA|language=English|date=19 December 2006}}</ref>


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
A 2011 study using [[phylogenetics]] found the following relationships between ''L. difformis'' and the rest of [[Chordariaceae]].<ref name="Silberfeld">{{cite journal|last1=Silberfeld|first1=Thomas|last2=Racault|first2=Marie-Fanny L. P.|last3=Fletcher|first3=Robert L.|last4=Couloux|first4=Arnaud|last5=Rousseau|first5=Florence|last6=De Reviers|first6=Bruno|title=Systematics and evolutionary history of pyrenoid-bearing taxa in brown algae (Phaeophyceae)|journal=European Journal of Phycology|date=15 August 2011|volume=46|issue=4|pages=362–378|doi=10.1080/09670262.2011.628698|language=English|issn=0967-0262|oclc=773784579}}</ref>
A 2011 study using [[phylogenetics]] found the following relationships between ''L. difformis'' and the rest of [[Chordariaceae]].<ref name="Silberfeld">{{cite journal|last1=Silberfeld|first1=Thomas|last2=Racault|first2=Marie-Fanny L. P.|last3=Fletcher|first3=Robert L.|last4=Couloux|first4=Arnaud|last5=Rousseau|first5=Florence|last6=De Reviers|first6=Bruno|title=Systematics and evolutionary history of pyrenoid-bearing taxa in brown algae (Phaeophyceae)|journal=European Journal of Phycology|date=15 August 2011|volume=46|issue=4|pages=362–378|doi=10.1080/09670262.2011.628698|s2cid=86555817 |language=English|issn=0967-0262|oclc=773784579|doi-access=free}}</ref>
{{clade
{{clade
|label1=[[Chordariaceae]]
|label1=[[Chordariaceae]]
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|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Corynophlaea crispa]]''
|1=''[[Corynophlaea crispa]]''
|2='''''Leathesia difformis'''''
|2='''''Leathesia difformis (L. marina)'''''
}}
}}
}}
}}
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}}
}}
}}
}}

===Synonyms===
According to WoRMS (October 2023):<ref> Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2023). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). ''Leathesia marina'' (Lyngbye) Decaisne, 1842. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=494940 on 2023-10-14 </ref>
*''[[Clavatella nostoc-marina]]'' Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823
*''[[Leathesia amplissima]]'' Setchell & N.L.Gardner, 1924
*''Leathesia difformis'' Areschoug, 1847
*''[[Nostoc marinum]]'' C.Agardh, 1810
*''[[Nostoc mesentericum]]'' C.Agardh, 1824
*''[[Rivularia tuberiformis]]'' Smith, 1809


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 16:01, 7 November 2023

Leathesia marina
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Diaphoretickes
Clade: SAR
Clade: Stramenopiles
Phylum: Gyrista
Subphylum: Ochrophytina
Class: Phaeophyceae
Order: Ectocarpales
Family: Chordariaceae
Genus: Leathesia
Species:
L. marina
Binomial name
Leathesia marina
(Lyngbye]]) Decaisne
Synonyms

Leathesia difformis

Leathesia marina (Lyngbye) Decaisne, 1842, previously known as Leathesia difformis Areschoug, 1847, commonly known as the sea cauliflower the sea potato, and brown brains is a species of littoral brown algae in the class Phaeophyceae and the order Ectocarpales,[1] which is commonly attached to other seaweeds and sometimes rocks. When young, the organism is solid but as it matures it becomes hollow and somewhat convoluted and has the appearance of a small leathery brown bag about the same size as a tennis ball. The texture is rubbery and the outer surface smooth.[citation needed]

These brain-like brown seaweeds can be found growing on rock or as epiphytes on other seaweeds in the mid to low intertidal. Individuals can grow to ~15 centimetres (5.9 in) in diameter. Young individuals can resemble other globular forms of algae, such as Soranthera ulvoidea.[2][3] To determine if it is Leathesia, squeeze and flatten a piece between your fingers. Leathesia will break apart into filaments whereas other globular forms will flatten but remain intact.[4][5]

Taxonomy[edit]

A 2011 study using phylogenetics found the following relationships between L. difformis and the rest of Chordariaceae.[6]

Chordariaceae

Synonyms[edit]

According to WoRMS (October 2023):[7]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2023). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Leathesia difformis Areschoug, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=144953 on 2023-10-14
  2. ^ Lindeberg, Mandy; Lindstrom, Sandra. "Studded Sea Balloons Soranthera ulvoidea". Seaweeds of Alaska. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  3. ^ Cho, Ga Youn; Kim, Myung-Sook; Boo, Sung Min (6 January 2005). "Phylogenetic Relationships of Soranthera ulvoidea (Chordariaceae, Phaeophyceae) on the Basis of Morphology and Molecular Data" (PDF). Algae. 20 (2): 91–97. doi:10.4490/ALGAE.2005.20.2.091. ISSN 1226-2617. OCLC 4663643362. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  4. ^ "Leathesia difformis" Archived 2010-05-31 at the Wayback Machine, 18 December 2006. Retrieved on 8 February 2012.
  5. ^ Holmeson, Jan (19 December 2006). "Soranthera ulvoides (Studded sea balloon)". Sound Water Stewards. Oak Harbor, WA: Periwinkle Press. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  6. ^ Silberfeld, Thomas; Racault, Marie-Fanny L. P.; Fletcher, Robert L.; Couloux, Arnaud; Rousseau, Florence; De Reviers, Bruno (15 August 2011). "Systematics and evolutionary history of pyrenoid-bearing taxa in brown algae (Phaeophyceae)". European Journal of Phycology. 46 (4): 362–378. doi:10.1080/09670262.2011.628698. ISSN 0967-0262. OCLC 773784579. S2CID 86555817.
  7. ^ Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2023). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Leathesia marina (Lyngbye) Decaisne, 1842. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=494940 on 2023-10-14

Further reading[edit]

Chapman, A.R.O.; Goudey, C.L. (January 1983). "Demographic study of the macrothallus of Leathesia difformis (Phaeophyta) in Nova Scotia". Canadian Journal of Botany. 61 (1): 319–323. doi:10.1139/b83-035.


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