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{{Short description|Locality within Guangdong, China}}
{{other uses}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Chinese|title=Sanyi|pic=Sam-yap.png|piccap=Detail of a 1797 map, with added highlighting on the Guangzhou area, including the Sanyi<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/item/gm%2071005137 Jing ban tian wen quan tu], by Ma Junliang, 1797. ([[Library of Congress]])</ref>|c=三邑|p=sānyì|y=Sāmyāp|j=sam1 jap1|l=three counties|s2=南番顺|t2=南番順|p2=Nánpānshùn|y2=Nàahmpūnseuhn|j2=naam4 pun1 seon6|l2=Nanhai Panyu Shunde}}
{{Chinese|title=Sanyi|pic=Sam-yap.png|piccap=Detail of a 1797 map, with added highlighting on the Guangzhou area, including the Sanyi<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/item/gm%2071005137 Jing ban tian wen quan tu], by Ma Junliang, 1797. ([[Library of Congress]])</ref>|c=三邑|p=sānyì|y=Sāmyāp|j=sam1 jap1|l=Three counties|s2=南番顺|t2=南番順|p2=Nánpānshùn|y2=Nàahmpūnseuhn|j2=naam4 pun1 seon6|l2=Nanhai Panyu Shunde}}


The '''Sanyi''', '''Three Counties''', or '''Nanpanshun''' also known by various [[Cantonese language|Cantonese]] romanizations such as '''Sam Yup''' and '''Nam Pun Shun''' refers to the three former counties of [[Nanhai District|Nanhai]], [[Panyu District|Panyu]], and [[Shunde District|Shunde]] surrounding [[Guangzhou]] and [[Foshan]].
'''Sanyi''' ({{zh|c=三邑|p=sānyì|y=Sāmyāp|j=sam1 jap1|l=Three counties}}) or '''Nanpanshun''' ({{zh|c=南番順|p=Nánpānshùn|y=Nàahmpūnseuhn|j=naam4 pun1 seon6|l=Nanhai Panyu Shunde}}), also known by [[Cantonese]] romanizations such as '''Sam Yup''' and '''Nam Pun Shun''', refers to the three districts (former counties) of [[Nanhai District|Nanhai]], [[Panyu District|Panyu]] and [[Shunde District|Shunde]] surrounding [[Guangzhou]] and [[Foshan]] in [[Guangdong]], [[China]].


==Geography==
==Geography==
The former counties and the corresponding modern districts are
The former counties and the corresponding modern districts are
;Nanhai
;Nanhai
:modern [[Nanhai District|Nanhai]] and [[Chancheng District|Chancheng]] in [[Foshan]], and a small part of [[Liwan District|Liwan]] in Guangzhou
:Modern [[Nanhai District|Nanhai]] and [[Chancheng District|Chancheng]] in [[Foshan]] and a small part of [[Liwan District|Liwan]] in Guangzhou
;Panyu
;Panyu
:modern [[Panyu District|Panyu]], [[Yuexiu District|Yuexiu]], large part of [[Liwan District|Liwan]], [[Haizhu District|Haizhu]], [[Huangpu District, Guangzhou|Huangpu]], [[Baiyun District, Guangzhou|Baiyun]], and large part of [[Nansha District|Nansha]], all in Guangzhou
:Modern [[Panyu District|Panyu]], [[Yuexiu District|Yuexiu]], large part of [[Liwan District|Liwan]], [[Haizhu District|Haizhu]], [[Huangpu District, Guangzhou|Huangpu]], [[Baiyun District, Guangzhou|Baiyun]] and large part of [[Nansha, Guangzhou|Nansha]], all in Guangzhou
;Shunde
;Shunde
:modern [[Shunde District|Shunde]], Foshan
:Modern [[Shunde District|Shunde]], Foshan


==Dialects==
==Dialects==
The area gave rise to the [[Yuehai dialects]], the most prominent of which is [[Cantonese]] (Guangzhou/Guangfu dialect). [[Standard Cantonese]] is base on the [[Yuehai dialects]] belong to the [[Yue Chinese|Yue branch]] of Chinese, Cantonese speakers easily understand throughout Chinese part of [[Lingnan]] area.
The area gave rise to the [[Yuehai Yue|Yuehai dialects]], the most prominent of which is [[Cantonese]] (Guangzhou/Guangfu dialect). [[Cantonese|Standard Cantonese]] is based on the [[Yuehai Yue|Yuehai dialects]] belongs to the [[Yue Chinese|Yue branch]] of Chinese, Cantonese speakers easily understand throughout Chinese part of [[Lingnan]] area.


==Emigration==
==Emigration==
{{see also|Chinese emigration}}
{{see also|Chinese emigration}}
[[File:Num Pon Soon Melbourne.jpg|thumb|The Num Pon Soon building in [[Chinatown, Melbourne]]. The Num Pon Soon Society is a district society, a benevolent association aimed at supporting Sanyi immigrants to [[Melbourne]] during the [[Victorian gold rush]].]]
Many of the [[History of Chinese Americans|Chinese immigrants to the United States]] in the late 19th century came from this part of the [[Pearl River Delta]], together with the coastal region of [[Siyi]] to the southwest.<ref>{{cite book
Most of the [[History of Chinese Americans|Chinese immigrants to the United States]] in the late 19th century and early 20th century came from eight districts in the [[Pearl River Delta]], including the three districts of Sanyi, together with the four districts of [[Siyi]] to the southwest<ref>{{cite book
| title = On Becoming Chinese American: A History of Communities and Institutions
| title = On Becoming Chinese American: A History of Communities and Institutions
| first = Him Mark | last = Lai
| first = Him Mark | last = Lai
Line 29: Line 31:
| publisher = Taylor & Francis | year = 2007
| publisher = Taylor & Francis | year = 2007
| isbn = 978-0-415-39583-0
| isbn = 978-0-415-39583-0
}}</ref> and the district of [[Zhongshan]].<ref name="Kwong2005">{{cite book|title=Chinese America: the untold story of America's oldest new community |author=Peter Kwong and Dusanka Miscevic|publisher=[[The New Press]]|year=2005|isbn=978-1-56584-962-4 }}</ref>{{rp|19}}
}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==

Latest revision as of 22:47, 12 November 2023

For other uses, see Sanyi (disambiguation).
Sanyi
Detail of a 1797 map, with added highlighting on the Guangzhou area, including the Sanyi[1]
Chinese三邑
Literal meaningThree counties
Alternative Chinese name
Traditional Chinese南番順
Simplified Chinese南番顺
Literal meaningNanhai Panyu Shunde

Sanyi (Chinese: 三邑; pinyin: sānyì; Jyutping: sam1 jap1; lit. 'Three counties') or Nanpanshun (Chinese: 南番順; pinyin: Nánpānshùn; Jyutping: naam4 pun1 seon6; lit. 'Nanhai Panyu Shunde'), also known by Cantonese romanizations such as Sam Yup and Nam Pun Shun, refers to the three districts (former counties) of Nanhai, Panyu and Shunde surrounding Guangzhou and Foshan in Guangdong, China.

Geography[edit]

The former counties and the corresponding modern districts are

Nanhai
Modern Nanhai and Chancheng in Foshan and a small part of Liwan in Guangzhou
Panyu
Modern Panyu, Yuexiu, large part of Liwan, Haizhu, Huangpu, Baiyun and large part of Nansha, all in Guangzhou
Shunde
Modern Shunde, Foshan

Dialects[edit]

The area gave rise to the Yuehai dialects, the most prominent of which is Cantonese (Guangzhou/Guangfu dialect). Standard Cantonese is based on the Yuehai dialects belongs to the Yue branch of Chinese, Cantonese speakers easily understand throughout Chinese part of Lingnan area.

Emigration[edit]

See also: Chinese emigration
The Num Pon Soon building in Chinatown, Melbourne. The Num Pon Soon Society is a district society, a benevolent association aimed at supporting Sanyi immigrants to Melbourne during the Victorian gold rush.

Most of the Chinese immigrants to the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century came from eight districts in the Pearl River Delta, including the three districts of Sanyi, together with the four districts of Siyi to the southwest[2][3] and the district of Zhongshan.[4]: 19 

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jing ban tian wen quan tu, by Ma Junliang, 1797. (Library of Congress)
  2. ^ Lai, Him Mark (2004). "The Sanyi (Sam Yup) community in America". On Becoming Chinese American: A History of Communities and Institutions. Rowman Altamira. pp. 77–142. ISBN 978-0-759-10458-7.
  3. ^ Tan, Chee-Beng, ed. (2007). Chinese Transnational Networks. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-39583-0.
  4. ^ Peter Kwong and Dusanka Miscevic (2005). Chinese America: the untold story of America's oldest new community. The New Press. ISBN 978-1-56584-962-4.
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