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[[File:Logo of the Nobel Peace Prize.jpg|thumb]]
{{Short description|Committee that awards the Nobel Peace Prize}}
{{Infobox organization
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[[File:Norske nobelinstiutt 1.jpg|thumb|The [[Norwegian Nobel Institute]], where the committee holds its meetings]]
⚫
| name = Norwegian Nobel Committee
⚫
The '''Norwegian Nobel Committee''' ({{lang-no|Den norske Nobelkomité}}) awards the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] each year.
| native_name = Den norske Nobelkomité
| native_name_lang = no
| logo =
| size =
| motto =
| formation =
| headquarters = [[Oslo]], [[Norway]]
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| membership = 5 Members
| website = {{url|http://nobelpeaceprize.org}}
}}
[[File:Logo of the Nobel Peace Prize.jpg|thumb|The Nobel Peace Prize]]
⚫
The '''Norwegian Nobel Committee''' ({{lang-no|Den norske Nobelkomité}}) selects the recipients of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] each year on behalf of Swedish industrialist [[Alfred Nobel]]'s [[Estate (law)|estate]], based on instructions of Nobel's [[Will (law)|will]].


Its five members are appointed by the [[Norwegian Parliament]] and today roughly represent the political makeup of that body. In his will, [[Alfred Nobel]] tasked the Parliament of Norway with selecting the winners of the Nobel Peace Prize.
Five members are appointed by the [[Norwegian Parliament]]. In his will, [[Alfred Nobel]] tasked the parliament of Norway with selecting the winners of the Nobel Peace Prize. At the time, Norway and [[Sweden]] were in [[Union between Sweden and Norway|a loose personal union]]. Despite its members being appointed by Parliament, the committee is a private body tasked with awarding a private prize. In recent decades, most committee members were retired politicians.


The committee is assisted by the [[Norwegian Nobel Institute]], its secretariat, and the committee holds their meetings in the institute's building, where the winner is also announced. The award ceremony, however, takes places in [[Oslo City Hall]] (since 1990).
The committee is assisted by its secretariat, [[Norwegian Nobel Institute]]. The committee holds their meetings in the institute's building, where the winner is also announced. Since 1990, however, the award ceremony takes place in [[Oslo City Hall]].


==History==
==History==
{{more2|Alfred Nobel}}
{{further|Alfred Nobel}}


[[Alfred Nobel]] died in December 1896, and in January 1897 the contents of his [[Will (law)|will]] were unveiled. It was written as early as in 1895.<ref>Heffermehl, 2008: pp. 15–17</ref> In his will, it was declared that a [[Nobel Peace Prize]] should be awarded "to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses",<ref name=excerpt>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/short_testamente.html|accessdate=14 June 2009|title=Excerpt from the Will of Alfred Nobel|publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]}}</ref> and that some of Nobel's money was to be donated to this prize. The [[Nobel Foundation]] manages the assets.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007|title=Nobelprisen|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|first=Jon Gunnar|last=Arntzen|editor=Henriksen, Petter|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=http://www.snl.no/Nobelprisen|language=Norwegian|accessdate=14 June 2009}}</ref> The other [[Nobel Prize]]s were to be awarded by Swedish bodies ([[Swedish Academy]], [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]], [[Karolinska Institutet]]) that already existed, whereas the responsibility for the Peace Prize was given to the [[Storting|Norwegian Parliament]],<ref>Heffermehl, 2008: p. 39</ref> specifically "a committee of five persons to be elected" by it.<ref name=excerpt/> A new body had to be created&mdash;the Norwegian Nobel Committee.
[[Alfred Nobel]] died in December 1896. In January 1897 the contents of his [[Will (law)|will]] were unveiled. It was written as early as in 1895.<ref>Heffermehl, 2008: pp. 15–17</ref> He declared that a [[Nobel Peace Prize]] should be awarded "to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses",<ref name=excerpt>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/short_testamente.html|access-date=14 June 2009|title=Excerpt from the Will of Alfred Nobel|publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]}}</ref> and that some of Nobel's money was to be donated to this prize. The [[Nobel Foundation]] manages the assets.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|year=2007|title=Nobelprisen|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|first=Jon Gunnar|last=Arntzen|editor=Henriksen, Petter|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=http://www.snl.no/Nobelprisen|language=no|access-date=14 June 2009}}</ref> The other [[Nobel Prize]]s were to be awarded by Swedish bodies ([[Swedish Academy]], [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]], [[Karolinska Institute|Karolinska Institutet]]) that already existed, whereas the responsibility for the Peace Prize was given to the [[Storting|Norwegian Parliament]],<ref>Heffermehl, 2008: p. 39</ref> specifically "a committee of five persons to be elected" by it.<ref name=excerpt/> A new body had to be created&mdash;the Norwegian Nobel Committee.


Jurist [[Fredrik Heffermehl]] has noted that a legislative body could not necessarily be expected to handle a judicial task like managing a legal will. The task of a parliament is to create and change laws whereas a will can not be changed unless the premises are clearly outdated. However, this question was not debated in depth, out of contemporary fear that the donated money might be lost in legal battles if the body was not created soon.<ref name=p72>Heffermehl, 2008: p. 72</ref> On 26 April 1897 the Norwegian Parliament accepted the assignment and on 5 August the same year it formalized the process of election and service time for committee members.<ref name=earlyhist>Heffermehl, 2008: pp. 53–54</ref> The first Peace Prize was awarded in 1901 to [[Henri Dunant]] and [[Frédéric Passy]].<ref name=snl/> In the beginning, the committee was filled with active parliamentarians and the annual reports were discussed in parliamentary sessions. These ties to the Norwegian Parliament were later weakened so that the committee became more independent. Accordingly, the name was changed from the Norwegian Nobel Committee to the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Parliament ({{lang-no|Det norske Stortings Nobelkomité}}) in 1901, but changed back in 1977.<ref name=earlyhist/> Now, active parliamentarians cannot sit on the committee, unless they have explicitly stated their intent to step down shortly.<ref name=nrk>{{cite news|url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/nobels_fredspris/1.6338968|title=Bare nordmenn i Nobelkomiteen|last=Helljesen|first=Geir|authorlink=Geir Helljesen|publisher=Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation|language=Norwegian|accessdate=14 June 2009}}</ref>
Jurist [[Fredrik Heffermehl]] has noted that a legislative body could not necessarily be expected to handle a judicial task like managing a legal will. The task of a parliament is to create and change laws whereas a will can not be changed unless the premises are clearly outdated. However, this question was not debated in depth, out of contemporary fear that the donated money might be lost in legal battles if the body was not created soon.<ref name=p72>Heffermehl, 2008: p. 72</ref> On 26 April 1897 the Norwegian Parliament accepted the assignment and on 5 August the same year it formalized the process of election and service time for committee members.<ref name=earlyhist>Heffermehl, 2008: pp. 53–54</ref> The first Peace Prize was awarded in 1901 to [[Henri Dunant]] and [[Frédéric Passy]].<ref name=snl/> In the beginning, the committee was filled with active parliamentarians and the annual reports were discussed in parliamentary sessions. These ties to the Norwegian Parliament were later weakened so that the committee became more independent. Accordingly, the name was changed from the Norwegian Nobel Committee to the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Parliament ({{lang-no|Det norske Stortings Nobelkomité}}) in 1901, but changed back in 1977.<ref name=earlyhist/> Now, active parliamentarians cannot sit on the committee, unless they have explicitly stated their intent to step down shortly.<ref name=nrk>{{cite news|url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/nobels_fredspris/1.6338968|title=Bare nordmenn i Nobelkomiteen|last=Helljesen|first=Geir|author-link=Geir Helljesen|publisher=Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation|language=no|access-date=14 June 2009}}</ref>


Nonetheless, the committee is still composed mainly of politicians. A 1903 proposition to elect a law scholar ([[Ebbe Hertzberg]]) was rejected.<ref name=p72/> In late 1948, the election system was changed to make the committee more proportional with parliamentary representation of [[List of political parties in Norway|Norwegian political parties]]. The Norwegian Labour Party, which controlled a simple majority of seats in the Norwegian Parliament orchestrated this change.<ref>Heffermehl, 2008: pp. 84–85</ref> This practice has been cemented, but sharply criticized.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytid.no/perspektiver/artikler/20081010/fredspriskuppet/|title=Fredspriskuppet|last=Dahl|first=Miriam Stackpole|date=10 October 2008|work=Ny Tid|language=Norwegian|accessdate=12 December 2008}}</ref> There have been propositions about including non-Norwegian members in the committee, but this has never happened.<ref name=nrk/>
Nonetheless, the committee is still composed mainly of politicians. A 1903 proposition to elect a law scholar ([[Ebbe Hertzberg]]) was rejected.<ref name=p72/> In late 1948, the election system was changed to make the committee more proportional with parliamentary representation of [[List of political parties in Norway|Norwegian political parties]]. The Norwegian Labour Party, which controlled a simple majority of seats in the Norwegian Parliament orchestrated this change.<ref>Heffermehl, 2008: pp. 84–85</ref> This practice has been cemented, but sharply criticized.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytid.no/perspektiver/artikler/20081010/fredspriskuppet/|title=Fredspriskuppet|last=Dahl|first=Miriam Stackpole|date=10 October 2008|work=Ny Tid|language=no|access-date=12 December 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210185552/http://www.nytid.no/perspektiver/artikler/20081010/fredspriskuppet/|archive-date=10 December 2008}}</ref> There have been propositions about including non-Norwegian members in the committee, but this has never happened.<ref name=nrk/>


The Norwegian Nobel Committee is assisted by the [[Norwegian Nobel Institute]], established in 1904.<ref name=snl/> The committee might receive well more than a hundred nominations and asks the Nobel Institute in February every year to research about twenty candidates.<ref>Heffermehl, 2008: pp. 50–51</ref> The director of the Nobel Institute also serves as secretary to the Norwegian Nobel Committee; currently this position belongs to [[Geir Lundestad]].<ref name=snl/> [[Thorbjørn Jagland]] has been the Norwegian Nobel Committee's leader since 2009.<ref name=nrk/>
The Norwegian Nobel Committee is assisted by the [[Norwegian Nobel Institute]], established in 1904.<ref name=snl/> The committee might receive well more than a hundred nominations and asks the Nobel Institute in February every year to research about twenty candidates.<ref>Heffermehl, 2008: pp. 50–51</ref> The director of the Nobel Institute also serves as secretary to the Norwegian Nobel Committee; currently this position belongs to Olav Njølstad.




The Sun moves round the Earth


The Sun moves round the Earth is practical and the Earth moves round the sun is imaginative.Because, To science day and night in crease and decrease mainly for annual motion of the world and the seasons change. on ellipse at the of rotating. The sun, The earth is changing its position always leaning against66.5degree corner. The above information of the Science is not correct. Because water is always down fall. That is why, the surface of the leaning earth that is the north zone will remain canal, river and ocean less IE water less. Form 22 December to 21 June As soon as the earth leans. There would be continuous flow tide in the north zone. Again from 21 June to 22 December as soon as the earth leans, in the same way there would be Continuous ebb tide in the north zone and water will go down to the south. That is there will be flow tide and ebb tide in six months instead of six hours. On the other hand of leaning, The sun is visible in The north in summer that is 21 June and in winter it is visible in the south that 22 December. On the other hand, the Venus, the planet mercury, the mars along with any planet or star are visible on the 21 June that is in Summer because of leaning the earth on the 22 December. That is in winter it is not visible very far to the south. All the planets and the stars in the Sky stay along side but not the Sun. Even in summer The moon is seen to the south. Because of learning of The earth, as The sun is seen to the south in winter. So The moon is supposed to be visible very far to the south. But The sun is seen very far to the north. That is because of leaning of The earth, all the planets, The star, The sun without The moon become visible to us in winter and summer to the north and the south is a hood with us. Actually the orbit of The sun is to the north in summer and to the south in winter, not the inclination of the earth.
To science during rotation the distance of earth from Sun does not remain same. From 4th July its distance is the15crore 20lac km and 3rd January 14crore 70 km. It distance in creases area decreases. That is why that The sun looks small in July that is The summer and it looks large in December that is in winter. Only 50lac km (15crore 20lac-14crore 70lac) near or distant for this the size of the sun from the earth look small or large yet because of annual motion, The earth stays at different distance at different time from every planet and star. But all the year round there is no change among the planets and the stars. During annual motion of the earth almost planets and the stars stay sometimes about 30crore km far again sometimes 30crore km near. As the mars stands 22.8crore km away from the sun and the earth stands 15.0crore km away from the sun. The mars circumambulates the sun with in 687 day and the earth with in 365.25 day onetime a day. So during rotation the earth stays sometimes (22.8-15.0)=7.8crore km far away from the mars again sometimes 22.8+15.0=37.8crore km. only for half a crore km the sun looks small or large but the size of the mars which is 30crore km near or far not seen small or large. Actually it the earth , on oval figure that is sometimes far or near in one word rotates/moves round the sun. So a ghostly affair will occur at night in the sky. Because whenever The earth approaches to planet or Star, that planet or star would be seen big gradually and the planet and the star from which the earth begins to move, that planet or star would be seen so much small. Since all the year round there is no change among planets and stars, every planet, Star and the Sun move round the earth.
To science `All stars are moving'. The sun is also a Star and it is rotating in the firmament at speed 69,187 km per hour. Actually this rotation of The sun and stars is not for unknown target, rather moving having centered the earth. Some times at night in the sky the stars are seen to move from north to south again from south to north, again from west to east. They are called orbit deviated stars. Only with in 5/10 minutes these stars cross from one side to another. As these orbit deviated stars are much bigger than The sun and at a distance of crore km, It is easy for them to cross from one side to another side only with in 10 minutes. So in 24 hours the sun, the moon, the planets and the stars move round the earth and easy for them.
To science It takes 24 hours for the earth to move on its own axis. For this reason rotation of the earth is called diurnal rotation. In equator the speed of diurnal rotation of the earth is more than 1700km per hour. On the other hand it is not possible to enter in to orbit of the moon from the earth as a result moon exploration resulted in failure ten times. It needs 2.4km per second to enter in to orbit of the moon. Accident or what ever might happen if the orbit of the earth is dynamic, It would be possible to earth at any normal speed. The orbit of the moon is moving dynamic.
To science the Moon is only Satellite of the earth and the moon rotates the earth one time in 27.34 days. The moon looks big because of staying near. It has no light . It gets light from the sun. If this idea of Science is correct, the blank part of the moon is expected to become visible up ward before full moon at night in east sky and after full moon at dawn in west sky but actually at that time the blank part of the moon is seen down ward. That is the moon rotates the earth one time in about 25 hours, on the contrary it is moving on its own axis one time in 29days. According to science as every planet is rotating the sun serially for because of distance so it is normal for every planet to move on its own axis serially for distance but in practical field it is not moving As the earth is moving on its axis in 23 hours 56 minutes but the planet mercury is moving on its axis in 59 day though it is very near to the sun Again though Jupiter planet stays for from the sun. It is moving on its axis one time in 9 hours 55 minutes. To science the moon rotates the earth one time in 27.34 day but Science has not mentioned its opposite reaction . Science has also mentioned that the sun rotates on its own axis one time 25 days but Science has not mentioned its own reaction. Be sides every planet is bright It the earth is planet, it is expected to be bright . But the earth is light less and dark that the earth is different from all the planets. It takes 365 days 6 hours for the earth to rotate the sun along own axis at speed of 29.76km per second or about 1lac 7thousand km per hour that is diurnal rotation of the earth and keeping the sun front, standing on its own axis in 24 hours the earth is moving west to east onetime in 24 hours that diurnal rotation is wrong. Rather the sun is moving round the Earth on time in 24 hours and its opposite reaction the sun is moving on its axis one time in the 25 days.
Yours faithfully,
Muhammad Robiul Islam Rony
x-president,
kapilmuni press club,khulna
BANGLADESH

PLEASE SSEARCH----
THE DAILY NEWS TODAY-The Sun moves round the Earth
MEDIA BANGLADESH-The Sun moves round the Earth
INDONASIA NATIONAL PRESS CLUB-The Sun moves round the Earth
NOBEL FOUNDATION SWEDEN- RONY
The Sun moves round the Earth-Muhammad Robiul Islam Rony
www.scientistrony.4rumer.net


==List of Chairpersons==
==List of Chairpersons==
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*1941–1943: [[Gunnar Jahn]]
*1941–1943: [[Gunnar Jahn]]
*1944–1945: ''see below''
*1944–1945: ''see below''
*1945–1945: [[Carl Joachim Hambro]]
*1945–1945: [[C. J. Hambro|Carl Joachim Hambro]]
*1945–1966: [[Gunnar Jahn]]
*1945–1966: [[Gunnar Jahn]]
*1967–1967: [[Nils Langhelle]]
*1967–1967: [[Nils Langhelle]]
⚫
*1967–1967: [[Bernt Ingvaldsen]]


{{col-2}}
{{col-2}}
[[Image:Nobelinstituttet 20080913-01.jpg|thumb|Inside of Norwegian Nobel Institute]]
⚫
*1967–1967: [[Bernt Ingvaldsen]]
*1968–1978: [[Aase Lionæs]]
*1968–1978: [[Aase Lionæs]]
*1979–1981: [[John Sanness]]
*1979–1981: [[John Sanness]]
Line 67: Line 59:
*2000–2002: [[Gunnar Berge]]
*2000–2002: [[Gunnar Berge]]
*2003–2008: [[Ole Danbolt Mjøs]]
*2003–2008: [[Ole Danbolt Mjøs]]
*2009–present: [[Thorbjørn Jagland]]
*2009–2015: [[Thorbjørn Jagland]]
*2015–2017: [[Kaci Kullmann Five]]
*2017–present: [[Berit Reiss-Andersen]]
{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}
In January 1944 an attempt by the [[Vidkun Quisling|Quisling]] government to take over the functions of the Nobel Committee led to the resignation of Jahn and other committee members. The Swedish [[consulate-general]] in Oslo formally took over the management of the Foundation's Oslo property on behalf of the Nobel Foundation<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/articles/committee/nnclist/index.html|title=The Norwegian Nobel Committee 1901-2008|accessdate=1 February 2012|publisher=Nobelprize.org}}</ref>.
In January 1944 an attempt by the [[Vidkun Quisling|Quisling]] government to take over the functions of the Nobel Committee led to the resignation of Jahn and other committee members. The Swedish [[consulate-general]] in Oslo formally took over the management of the Foundation's Oslo property on behalf of the Nobel Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/articles/committee/nnclist/index.html|title=The Norwegian Nobel Committee 1901-2008|access-date=1 February 2012|publisher=Nobelprize.org}}</ref>


==Members 2012–14==
==Members==
⚫
{{main|List of members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee}}
The current members are<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/nomination_committee/members/|title=Committee members|publisher=Norwegian Nobel Committee|accessdate=14 January 2012}}</ref>
The members {{as of|2021|lc=on}} are:<ref>{{cite web |title=Valg av medlemmer til Nobelkomiteen |date=18 January 2021 |url=https://www.stortinget.no/no/Stortinget-og-demokratiet/Valg-og-konstituering/Valgkomiteen/Valg-av-medlemmer-til-Nobelkomiteen/ |publisher=[[Stortinget]] |access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref>


*[[Thorbjørn Jagland]] (chair, born 1950), former Member of Parliament and [[President of the Storting]] and former Prime Minister for the [[Norwegian Labour Party|Labour Party]], current Secretary General of the [[Council of Europe]]. Member and chair of the Norwegian Nobel Committee since 2009.
*[[Berit Reiss-Andersen]] (chair, born 1954), [[advocate]] (barrister) and president of the [[Norwegian Bar Association]], former [[State Secretary (Norway)|state secretary]] for the [[Minister of Justice and the Police (Norway)|Minister of Justice and the Police]] (representing the [[Norwegian Labour Party|Labour Party]]). Member of the Norwegian Nobel Committee since 2012, reappointed for the period 2018–2023.
*[[Anne Enger]] (born 1949), former Leader of the [[Centre Party (Norway)|Centre Party]] and [[Minister of Culture and Church Affairs|Minister of Culture]]. Appointed for the period 2018–2020, and reappointed for the period 2021–2026.
*[[Kaci Kullmann Five]] (deputy chair, born 1951), former member of Parliament and cabinet minister for the [[Conservative Party of Norway|Conservative Party]]. Member of the Norwegian Nobel Committee since 2003, deputy chair since 2009.
*[[Asle Toje]] (born 1974), foreign policy scholar. Appointed for the period 2018–2023.
*[[Inger-Marie Ytterhorn]] (born 1941), former member of Parliament for the [[Progress Party (Norway)|Progress Party]]. Member of the Norwegian Nobel Committee since 2000.
*[[Ågot Valle]] (born 1945), former member of parliament for the [[Socialist Left Party (Norway)|Socialist Left Party]]. Member of the Norwegian Nobel Committee since 2009.
*[[Kristin Clemet]], former [[Conservative Party (Norway)|Conservative Party]] cabinet member who previously represented Oslo in Norwegian Parliament. Appointed for the period 2021–2026.
*[[Jørgen Watne Frydnes]], appointed for the period 2021–2026.
*[[Berit Reiss-Andersen]] (born 1954), [[advocate]] (barrister) and President of the [[Norwegian Bar Association]], former [[State Secretary (Norway)|state secretary]] for the [[Minister of Justice and the Police (Norway)|Minister of Justice and the Police]] (representing the [[Norwegian Labour Party|Labour Party]])


==Secretariat==
==Secretariat==
⚫
[[Image:Norske nobelinstiutt 1.jpg|thumb|The [[Norwegian Nobel Institute]], where the committee holds its meetings]]
The committee is assisted by the [[Norwegian Nobel Institute]], its secretariat. The leader of the institute holds the title secretary. The secretary is not a member of the committee, but is an employee of the Norwegian Nobel Institute.
The committee is assisted by the [[Norwegian Nobel Institute]], its secretariat. The leader of the institute holds the title secretary. The secretary is not a member of the committee, but is an employee of the Norwegian Nobel Institute.


Line 89: Line 85:
*1974–1977: [[Tim Greve]]
*1974–1977: [[Tim Greve]]
*1978–1989: [[Jakob Sverdrup (historian)|Jakob Sverdrup]]
*1978–1989: [[Jakob Sverdrup (historian)|Jakob Sverdrup]]
*1990–present: [[Geir Lundestad]]
*1990–2015: [[Geir Lundestad]]
*2015–present: [[Olav Njølstad]]


==References==
==References==
Line 96: Line 93:


;Bibliography
;Bibliography
*{{cite book|last=Heffermehl|first=Fredrik|authorlink=Fredrik Heffermehl|title=Nobels vilje|publisher=Vidarforlaget|location=Oslo|date=2008|isbn=978-82-7990-074-0|language=Norwegian}}
*{{cite book|last=Heffermehl|first=Fredrik|author-link=Fredrik Heffermehl|title=Nobels vilje|publisher=Vidarforlaget|location=Oslo|year=2008|isbn=978-82-7990-074-0|language=no}}
*Heffermehl, Fredrik (2010). ''The Nobel Peace Prize. What Nobel really wanted'''. Sta Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-38744-9.
*Heffermehl, Fredrik (2010). ''The Nobel Peace Prize. What Nobel really wanted'''. Sta Barbara: Praeger. {{ISBN|978-0-313-38744-9}}.


==External links==
==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
*[http://nobelpeaceprize.org/ Norwegian Nobel Committee]&nbsp;– official site
*[http://nobelpeaceprize.org/ Norwegian Nobel Committee]&nbsp;– official site
*[http://www.nobelprize.org Nobel Prize]&nbsp;– official site
*[http://www.nobelprize.org Nobel Prize]&nbsp;– official site
Line 105: Line 103:
{{Nobel Peace Prize navbox}}
{{Nobel Peace Prize navbox}}
{{Nobel Prizes}}
{{Nobel Prizes}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Norwegian Nobel Committee| ]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Oslo]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Oslo]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1901]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1901]]
[[Category:1901 establishments in Norway]]
[[Category:1901 establishments in Norway]]
[[Category:Nobel Peace Prize]]

[[da:Den Norske Nobelkomite]]
[[de:Norwegisches Nobelkomitee]]
[[fr:Comité Nobel norvégien]]
[[id:Komite Nobel Norwegia]]
[[nl:Noors Nobelcomité]]
[[no:Den norske Nobelkomite]]
[[nn:Den Norske Nobelkomite]]
[[pnb:ناروے نوبل کمیٹی]]
[[pl:Norweski Komitet Noblowski]]
⚫
[[simple:Norwegian Nobel Committee]]
[[fi:Norjan Nobel-komitea]]
[[sv:Norska Nobelkommittén]]
[[uk:Норвезький Нобелівський комітет]]
[[vi:Ủy ban Nobel Na Uy]]
[[zh:挪威诺贝尔委员会]]

Latest revision as of 17:32, 12 December 2023

Norwegian Nobel Committee
Den norske Nobelkomité
HeadquartersOslo, Norway
Membership
5 Members
Websitenobelpeaceprize.org
The Nobel Peace Prize

The Norwegian Nobel Committee (Norwegian: Den norske Nobelkomité) selects the recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize each year on behalf of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel's estate, based on instructions of Nobel's will.

Five members are appointed by the Norwegian Parliament. In his will, Alfred Nobel tasked the parliament of Norway with selecting the winners of the Nobel Peace Prize. At the time, Norway and Sweden were in a loose personal union. Despite its members being appointed by Parliament, the committee is a private body tasked with awarding a private prize. In recent decades, most committee members were retired politicians.

The committee is assisted by its secretariat, Norwegian Nobel Institute. The committee holds their meetings in the institute's building, where the winner is also announced. Since 1990, however, the award ceremony takes place in Oslo City Hall.

History[edit]

Further information: Alfred Nobel

Alfred Nobel died in December 1896. In January 1897 the contents of his will were unveiled. It was written as early as in 1895.[1] He declared that a Nobel Peace Prize should be awarded "to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses",[2] and that some of Nobel's money was to be donated to this prize. The Nobel Foundation manages the assets.[3] The other Nobel Prizes were to be awarded by Swedish bodies (Swedish Academy, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Karolinska Institutet) that already existed, whereas the responsibility for the Peace Prize was given to the Norwegian Parliament,[4] specifically "a committee of five persons to be elected" by it.[2] A new body had to be created—the Norwegian Nobel Committee.

Jurist Fredrik Heffermehl has noted that a legislative body could not necessarily be expected to handle a judicial task like managing a legal will. The task of a parliament is to create and change laws whereas a will can not be changed unless the premises are clearly outdated. However, this question was not debated in depth, out of contemporary fear that the donated money might be lost in legal battles if the body was not created soon.[5] On 26 April 1897 the Norwegian Parliament accepted the assignment and on 5 August the same year it formalized the process of election and service time for committee members.[6] The first Peace Prize was awarded in 1901 to Henri Dunant and Frédéric Passy.[3] In the beginning, the committee was filled with active parliamentarians and the annual reports were discussed in parliamentary sessions. These ties to the Norwegian Parliament were later weakened so that the committee became more independent. Accordingly, the name was changed from the Norwegian Nobel Committee to the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Parliament (Norwegian: Det norske Stortings Nobelkomité) in 1901, but changed back in 1977.[6] Now, active parliamentarians cannot sit on the committee, unless they have explicitly stated their intent to step down shortly.[7]

Nonetheless, the committee is still composed mainly of politicians. A 1903 proposition to elect a law scholar (Ebbe Hertzberg) was rejected.[5] In late 1948, the election system was changed to make the committee more proportional with parliamentary representation of Norwegian political parties. The Norwegian Labour Party, which controlled a simple majority of seats in the Norwegian Parliament orchestrated this change.[8] This practice has been cemented, but sharply criticized.[9] There have been propositions about including non-Norwegian members in the committee, but this has never happened.[7]

The Norwegian Nobel Committee is assisted by the Norwegian Nobel Institute, established in 1904.[3] The committee might receive well more than a hundred nominations and asks the Nobel Institute in February every year to research about twenty candidates.[10] The director of the Nobel Institute also serves as secretary to the Norwegian Nobel Committee; currently this position belongs to Olav Njølstad.

List of Chairpersons[edit]

List of chairpersons[11]

In January 1944 an attempt by the Quisling government to take over the functions of the Nobel Committee led to the resignation of Jahn and other committee members. The Swedish consulate-general in Oslo formally took over the management of the Foundation's Oslo property on behalf of the Nobel Foundation.[12]

Members[edit]

Main article: List of members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee

The members as of 2021 are:[13]

Secretariat[edit]

The Norwegian Nobel Institute, where the committee holds its meetings

The committee is assisted by the Norwegian Nobel Institute, its secretariat. The leader of the institute holds the title secretary. The secretary is not a member of the committee, but is an employee of the Norwegian Nobel Institute.

List of secretaries[11]

References[edit]

Notes
  1. ^ Heffermehl, 2008: pp. 15–17
  2. ^ a b "Excerpt from the Will of Alfred Nobel". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 14 June 2009.
  3. ^ a b c Arntzen, Jon Gunnar (2007). "Nobelprisen". In Henriksen, Petter (ed.). Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 14 June 2009.
  4. ^ Heffermehl, 2008: p. 39
  5. ^ a b Heffermehl, 2008: p. 72
  6. ^ a b Heffermehl, 2008: pp. 53–54
  7. ^ a b Helljesen, Geir. "Bare nordmenn i Nobelkomiteen" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 14 June 2009.
  8. ^ Heffermehl, 2008: pp. 84–85
  9. ^ Dahl, Miriam Stackpole (10 October 2008). "Fredspriskuppet". Ny Tid (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 10 December 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
  10. ^ Heffermehl, 2008: pp. 50–51
  11. ^ a b Heffermehl, 2008: pp. 60–64
  12. ^ "The Norwegian Nobel Committee 1901-2008". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  13. ^ "Valg av medlemmer til Nobelkomiteen". Stortinget. 18 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
Bibliography

External links[edit]

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