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'''Whitey's Lindy Hoppers''' was a professional performing group of [[Savoy Ballroom]] [[swing (dance)|swing]] dancers, started in 1935 by Herbert "Whitey" White. The group took on many different forms, with up to 12 different groups performing under this name or one of a number of different names used for the group over the years, including ''Whitey's Hopping Maniacs'', ''Harlem Congeroo Dancers'', and ''The Hot Chocolates''. In addition to touring both nationally and internationally, the group appeared in a number of feature films and [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] productions and counted [[Dorothy Dandridge]] and [[Sammy Davis Jr.]] among their celebrity regulars. By the summer of 1943, with most of its best male dancers having been drafted, the Whitey's Lindy Hoppers had pretty much disbanded.
'''Whitey's Lindy Hoppers''' was a professional performing group of exceptional [[swing (dance)|swing]] dancers that was first organized in the late 1920s by Herbert "Whitey" White in the [[Savoy Ballroom]] and disbanded in 1942 after its male members were drafted into [[World War II]]. The group took on many different forms and had several different names and sub-groups, including Whitey's Hopping Maniacs, Harlem Congeroo Dancers, and The Hot Chocolates. In addition to touring nationally and internationally, the group appeared in several films and [[Broadway theatre]] productions. [[Dorothy Dandridge]] and [[Sammy Davis Jr.]] were among the group's celebrity regulars.
The Savoy Ballroom closed in 1958.


==History==
Of all the members of Whitey's Lindy Hoppers, [[Al Minns]], Leon James and [[Frankie Manning]] are amongst the most famous -- Minns and James in part for their role in the research of Jean and [[Marshall Stearns]]'s influential book ''Jazz Dance,'' Minns for his work with [[The Rhythm Hot Shots]] during the 1980s' swing revival, and Manning for his role, starting in 1986, in contributing to the swing and [[Lindy Hop]] revival after Minns died in 1985. Manning, Lennie Bluett and [[Norma Miller]] were among the few members of Whitey's Lindy Hoppers still alive during the 1990s and 2000s and were some of that era's most influential Lindy Hop performers and instructors. With Manning's death in April 2009, Miller alone remains to teach and lecture at dance workshops and [[Lindy Hop]] conventions.
Beginning in the late 1920s, White, a bouncer at the Savoy Ballroom and former dancing waiter, began organizing exceptional dancers, first under the aegis of [[George Snowden]] and then under White himself. Although many members felt mistreated by White, many admired his promotion of the dance.<ref name=amb/>


In 1934, at the age of 14, [[Norma Miller]] became the youngest member the group.
== Members ==
''(partial list)''


In 1935, the group competed in a dance contest called the Harvest Moon Ball at [[Madison Square Garden]].<ref name=herrang>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/10/arts/dance/lindy-hop-herrang-norma-miller.html | title=From Harlem to Herrang: An Original Lindy Hopper Blooms in Sweden | first=Renata | last=Sago | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=August 10, 2018}}</ref> The group then went on a 7-month European tour.<ref name=visionary>{{cite web | url=http://www.visionaryproject.org/millernorma/ | title=Norma Miller: National Visionary | publisher=National Leadership Visionary Project | date=2013}}</ref>
*Louise "Pal" Andrews
*Pettis Dotson "Snooky" Beasley<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Frankie Manning: Ambassador of Lindy Hop|last=Manning|first=Frankie|last2=Millman|first2=Cynthia|publisher=Temple University Press|year=2007|isbn=978-1-59213-563-9|location=Philadelphia PA|pages=73}}</ref>
*Lennie Bluett
*John "Tiny" Bunch
*Eunice Callen
*Wilda Crawford
*Mildred Cruse
*Joe "Big Stupe" Daniels
*Joyce "Little Stupe" Daniels
*Eddie Davis
*William Downes
*Elnora Dyson
*"Long-legged George" Greenidge
*Connie Hill
*Leon James
*Ann Johnson
*Dorothy "Dot" Johnson
*Frances "Mickey" Jones
*Thomas "Tops" Lee
*Maggie McMillan
*[[Frankie Manning]]
*Lucille Middleton
*[[Norma Miller]]
*[[Al Minns]]
*Mildred Pollard
*Billy Ricker
*Willamae Ricker
*Eleanor "Stumpy" Watson
*Naomi Waller
*Esther Washington
*Freida Washington
*Billy Williams<ref name=":0" />
*Jerome Williams
*Russell Williams/Rasul Ali Ibm Aleem
*Jimmy Valentine
*Ruthie Reingold
*Harry Rosenberg


In 1936, the group began a tour of the U.S. with headliner [[Ethel Waters]]. <!-- The American Film Institute page says "Day at the Races" was shot in the periods 3 Sep--23 Sep 1936; and 21 Dec 1936--2 Apr 1937 --> While in California, they met the [[Marx Brothers]], [[Allan Jones (actor)|Allan Jones]] and [[Maureen O’Sullivan]], and made their film debut in ''[[A Day at the Races (film)|A Day at the Races]]'' (1937), a movie for [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]. They danced and sang in the number "[[All God's Chillun Got Rhythm]]" which featured singer [[Ivie Anderson]] and other members of [[Duke Ellington]]’s orchestra.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/jots.200014815|title=A Day at the Races|work=Library of Congress|access-date=July 24, 2020}}</ref> [[Dave Gould]], the choreographer, was nominated for an [[Academy Award]] for the dance sequence.<ref name=obit>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/06/obituaries/norma-miller-dead.html | title=Norma Miller, Lindy-Hopping ‘Queen of Swing,’ Is Dead at 99 | first=Robert D. | last=McFadden | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=May 6, 2019}}</ref>
== Filmography ==


In 1938, for a second time, the group competed in the Harvest Moon Ball, hosted that year by [[Ed Sullivan]]. Sullivan invited members of the group to perform on ''Toast of the Town'' (later called ''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]'').<ref name=visionary/> The group also competed in the contest in 1939 and 1940.
*''[[A Day at the Races (film)|A Day at the Races]]'', MGM, 1937 (with the [[Marx Brothers]])
*''[[Manhattan Merry-Go-Round]]'', Republic Pictures, [[1937 in film|1937]]
*''[[Radio City Revels]]'', RKO Radio Pictures, [[1938 in film|1938]]
*''[[Keep Punching]]'', M.C. Pictures [[1937 in film|1939]]<ref name=":0" /> (aka ''Jittering Jitterbugs,'' featuring the ''[[Big Apple (dance)|''Big Apple'']]'')
*''[[Hellzapoppin' (film)|Hellzapoppin']], Universal Pictures,'' [[1941 in film|1941]]
*''[[Hot Chocolates]]'' (''Cottontail''), RCM Productions, [[1941 in film|1941]] Soundie
* ''The Outline of Jitterbug History'', RCM Productions, 3/23/42, Soundie <ref>The Soundies Distributing Corporation of America: a history and filmography of their "jukebox" musical films of the 1940s. Terenzio, MacGillivary, Okuda. 1954. page 72. ISBN 0-89950-578-3 </ref>
* ''Sugar Hill Masquerade,'' Minoco Productions, 11/23/42 Soundie <ref>The Soundies Distributing Corporation of America: a history and filmography of their "jukebox" musical films of the 1940s. Terenzio, MacGillivary, Okuda. 1954. page 96. ISBN 0-89950-578-3 </ref>
* ''Cabin in the Sky'', MGM, 1943
* ''Killer Diller'', All-American News, 1948


Whitey's Lindy Hoppers performed in the movie ''[[Hellzapoppin' (film)|Hellzapoppin']]'' (1941), where they executed breathtaking [[Flip (acrobatic)|flips]], slides, kicks, [[Split (gymnastics)|splits]], and lifts.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://news.wgcu.org/post/95-years-old-norma-miller-queen-swing-still-reigns | title=At 95 Years Old, Norma Miller, the Queen of Swing, Still Reigns | last=Sago | first=Renata | work=[[WGCU (TV)]] | date=October 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.npr.org/2017/04/09/523203753/alive-and-kicking-chronicles-deep-history-of-swing-dancing | title='Alive And Kicking' Chronicles Deep History Of Swing Dancing | work=[[NPR]] | date=April 9, 2017}}</ref><ref name=obit/> When they returned from filming, the group went to [[Rio de Janeiro]] to perform. Because of the [[Attack on Pearl Harbor]], they were unable to find transportation home and ended up staying for 10 months, nearly exhausting all of their energy and money.<ref name=visionary/><ref name=obit/>
== Broadway features ==


In 1942, the group went on a 3-week tour with [[Cootie Williams]] and [[Pearl Bailey]] that included performances at the [[Apollo Theater]], the [[Howard Theatre]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], and the [[Royal Theatre (Baltimore)|Royal Theatre]] in [[Baltimore]].<ref name=visionary/> The group disbanded shortly thereafter since the males were called into service during [[World War II]].<ref name=herrang/>
*Hot Mikado (with [[Bill "Bojangles" Robinson]])
*Black Rhythm (1936)
*[[Cotton Club]] Revue (with [[Cab Calloway]]) (1938)


After the group disbanded, White moved to Oswego and opened a restaurant. He died of a heart attack in September 1950.<ref name=amb>{{Cite book | title=Frankie Manning: Ambassador of Lindy Hop | last=Manning | first=Frankie | last2=Millman | first2=Cynthia | publisher=[[Temple University Press]] | year=2007 | isbn=978-1-59213-563-9 | location=[[Philadelphia]]}}</ref>
== See also ==


==Members==
* [[Swing (dance)]]
[[Al Minns]], [[Leon James (dancer)|Leon James]], [[Frankie Manning]], and [[Norma Miller]] are the most notable members of the group - Minns and James in part for their role in the research of Jean and [[Marshall Stearns]]'s influential book ''Jazz Dance,'' Minns for his work with the [[Hot Shots (dance companies)|Hot Shots]] during the [[swing revival]] in the 1980s, Manning for his role in contributing to the [[swing revival]] after Minns died in 1985, and Miller for her presentations and instruction at [[Herräng Dance Camp]] up until her death in 2019.<ref name="obit"/>
* [[Lindy hop]]

* [[History of lindy hop]]
Ruthie Reingold, Harry Rosenberg, and Jimmy Valentine were the only white members of the group. Although mixed race dancing was accepted at the Savoy Ballroom, it was frowned upon by the general public and they are not in any of the early videos of the group.
* [[African American dance]]

* [[Big Apple (dance)|Big Apple]]
===Member list===
* [[Harlem Renaissance]]

* [[Wikibooks: Swing Dancing|Swing dancing at Wikibooks]]
==== Black Members ====
* [[Al & Leon]]
* Louise "Pal" Andrews
* [[Norma Miller]]
* Eleanor "Stumpy" Atkinson (Watson) – 4"11" tall; joined the group in 1937, known for her footwork
* Pettis Dotson "Snooky" Beasley – known for doing a step called the [[Lock step (dance move)|lock]]<ref name="amb" />
* Lennie Bluett
* Clyde "Brownie" Brown – for a time, Whitey's right hand man<ref name="amb" />
* John "Tiny" Bunch – at over 300 pounds, his nickname was a joke, but he was revered for his liveliness despite his size. His partner was the petite Dorothy "Dot" Moses.<ref name="amb" />
* Eunice Callen
* Wilda Crawford
* Mildred Cruse
* Joe "Big Stupe" Daniels
* Joyce "Little Stupe" Daniels
* Eddie Davis
* William Downes
* Elnora Dyson
* Arlyne Evans
* "Long-legged George" Greenidge
* Foster "The Dancing Man" Hickson
* Belle Hill
* Cornelia "Connie" Hill – won the Lindy Hop division of the 1939 Harvest Moon Ball with Russell Williams
* [[Leon James (dancer)|Leon James]]
* Sonny Jenkins
* Ann Johnson
* Dottimae Johnson
* Walter "Count" "Lefty" Johnson
* Frances "Mickey" Jones
* Thomas "Tops" Lee – won the Lindy Hop division of the 1940 Harvest Moon Ball with Wilda Crawford; nicknamed Tops due to his high opinion of himself
* Johnny McAfee
* Emily McCloud
* Maggie McMillan
* [[Frankie Manning]]
* [[Frankie Manning]]
* Lucille Middleton
* Mae Miller
* [[Norma Miller]]
* [[Al Minns]]
* Dorothy "Dot" Moses
* Mildred Pollard
* Billy Ricker
* [[Willa Mae Ricker]]
* Naomi Waller
* Esther Washington
* Freida Washington
* Oliver "Buckles" Washington
* Thomas Washington
* Billy Williams<ref name="amb" />
* Jerome Williams
* Russell Williams – changed his name to Rasul Ali Ibm Aleem in the 1950s; won the Lindy Hop division of the 1939 Harvest Moon Ball with Connie Hill; killed trying to break up a fight

==== White Members ====

* Ruthie Reingold<ref>{{Citation |last= |title=THIRTEEN Specials {{!}} Frankie Manning: Never Stop Swinging {{!}} PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/video/thirteen-specials-frankie-manning-never-stop-swinging/ |access-date=2023-05-25 |language=en}}</ref>
* Harry Rosenberg<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stevens |first=Tamara |title=Swing dancing |date=2011 |publisher=Greenwood |isbn=978-0-313-37517-0 |series=The American dance floor |location=Santa Barbara, Ca. |page=84}}</ref>
* Jimmy Valentine<ref>{{Cite web |last=rikomatic |date=2020-08-26 |title=Watch Jimmy Valentine, a Legendary One-legged Lindy Hopper, Throwing Down with Sylvia Sykes |url=http://www.yehoodi.com/blog/2020/8/26/jimmy-valentine |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=Yehoodi |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Filmography==
*''[[A Day at the Races (film)|A Day at the Races]]'', [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]], [[1937 in film|1937]] (with the [[Marx Brothers]])
*''[[Manhattan Merry-Go-Round]]'', [[Republic Pictures]], [[1937 in film|1937]]
*''[[Radio City Revels]]'', [[RKO Pictures]], [[1938 in film|1938]]
*''[[Keep Punching (1939 film)|Keep Punching]]'', M.C. Pictures, 1939<ref name=amb/> (aka ''Jittering Jitterbugs,'' featuring the ''[[Big Apple (dance)|Big Apple]]'')
*''[[Hellzapoppin' (film)|Hellzapoppin']], [[Universal Pictures]],'' [[1941 in film|1941]]
*''[[Hot Chocolates]]'' (''Cottontail''), RCM Productions, [[1941 in film|1941]] [[Soundies]]
* ''The Outline of Jitterbug History'', RCM Productions, 1942 [[Soundies]]<ref>The Soundies Distributing Corporation of America: a history and filmography of their "jukebox" musical films of the 1940s. Terenzio, MacGillivary, Okuda. 1954. page 72.{{ISBN|0-89950-578-3}}</ref>
* ''[[Sugar Hill Masquerade]]'', Minoco Productions, 1942 [[Soundies]]<ref>The Soundies Distributing Corporation of America: a history and filmography of their "jukebox" musical films of the 1940s. Terenzio, MacGillivary, Okuda. 1954. page 96.{{ISBN|0-89950-578-3}}</ref>
* ''[[Killer Diller (1948 film)|Killer Diller]]'', All-American News, 1948 - 4 members of the group


==Further reading==
==Broadway theatre==
* [[The Hot Mikado (1939 production)|Hot Mikado]] (with [[Bill Robinson]])
* Frankie Manning and Cynthia R. Millman, ''Frankie Manning: Ambassador of Lindy Hop'', Temple University Press, 2007, ISBN 1-59213-563-3.
* Black Rhythm (1936)
* Norma Miller and Evette Jensen, ''Swingin' at the Savoy: The Memoir of a Jazz Dancer'', Temple University Press, 1996, ISBN 1-56639-494-5.
* [[Cotton Club]] Revue (with [[Cab Calloway]]) (1938)
* Norma Miller, ''Stompin' at the Savoy: the story of Norma Miller'', Candlewich Press, 1996, ISBN 0-7636-2244-3.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist|1}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.savoystyle.com/whiteys_lindy_hoppers.html Whitey's Lindy Hoppers] at Savoystyle.com
*[http://www.streetswing.com/histmai2/d2wlh2.htm Whitey's Lindy Hoppers] at StreetSwing.com
*[https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Whitey's+Lindy+Hoppers Whitey's Lindy Hoppers] search on [[YouTube]] featuring samples of their work


{{authority control}}
*[http://www.savoystyle.com/whiteys_lindy_hoppers.html Whitey's Lindy Hoppers at Savoystyle.com]
*[http://www.streetswing.com/histmai2/d2wlh2.htm Whitey's Lindy Hoppers at Street Swing]


[[Category:Dance companies in the United States]]
[[Category:Dance companies in New York City]]
[[Category:Dance in New York City]]
[[Category:Lindy Hop]]
[[Category:Lindy Hop]]
[[Category:Swing performance troupes]]
[[Category:Swing performance troupes]]
[[Category:Performing groups established in 1935]]
[[Category:African-American dancers]]
[[Category:1935 establishments in New York]]
[[Category:American dancers]]
[[Category:African-American dancers|+]]

Latest revision as of 00:12, 16 December 2023

Whitey's Lindy Hoppers was a professional performing group of exceptional swing dancers that was first organized in the late 1920s by Herbert "Whitey" White in the Savoy Ballroom and disbanded in 1942 after its male members were drafted into World War II. The group took on many different forms and had several different names and sub-groups, including Whitey's Hopping Maniacs, Harlem Congeroo Dancers, and The Hot Chocolates. In addition to touring nationally and internationally, the group appeared in several films and Broadway theatre productions. Dorothy Dandridge and Sammy Davis Jr. were among the group's celebrity regulars.

History[edit]

Beginning in the late 1920s, White, a bouncer at the Savoy Ballroom and former dancing waiter, began organizing exceptional dancers, first under the aegis of George Snowden and then under White himself. Although many members felt mistreated by White, many admired his promotion of the dance.[1]

In 1934, at the age of 14, Norma Miller became the youngest member the group.

In 1935, the group competed in a dance contest called the Harvest Moon Ball at Madison Square Garden.[2] The group then went on a 7-month European tour.[3]

In 1936, the group began a tour of the U.S. with headliner Ethel Waters. While in California, they met the Marx Brothers, Allan Jones and Maureen O’Sullivan, and made their film debut in A Day at the Races (1937), a movie for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. They danced and sang in the number "All God's Chillun Got Rhythm" which featured singer Ivie Anderson and other members of Duke Ellington’s orchestra.[4] Dave Gould, the choreographer, was nominated for an Academy Award for the dance sequence.[5]

In 1938, for a second time, the group competed in the Harvest Moon Ball, hosted that year by Ed Sullivan. Sullivan invited members of the group to perform on Toast of the Town (later called The Ed Sullivan Show).[3] The group also competed in the contest in 1939 and 1940.

Whitey's Lindy Hoppers performed in the movie Hellzapoppin' (1941), where they executed breathtaking flips, slides, kicks, splits, and lifts.[6][7][5] When they returned from filming, the group went to Rio de Janeiro to perform. Because of the Attack on Pearl Harbor, they were unable to find transportation home and ended up staying for 10 months, nearly exhausting all of their energy and money.[3][5]

In 1942, the group went on a 3-week tour with Cootie Williams and Pearl Bailey that included performances at the Apollo Theater, the Howard Theatre in Washington, D.C., and the Royal Theatre in Baltimore.[3] The group disbanded shortly thereafter since the males were called into service during World War II.[2]

After the group disbanded, White moved to Oswego and opened a restaurant. He died of a heart attack in September 1950.[1]

Members[edit]

Al Minns, Leon James, Frankie Manning, and Norma Miller are the most notable members of the group - Minns and James in part for their role in the research of Jean and Marshall Stearns's influential book Jazz Dance, Minns for his work with the Hot Shots during the swing revival in the 1980s, Manning for his role in contributing to the swing revival after Minns died in 1985, and Miller for her presentations and instruction at Herräng Dance Camp up until her death in 2019.[5]

Ruthie Reingold, Harry Rosenberg, and Jimmy Valentine were the only white members of the group. Although mixed race dancing was accepted at the Savoy Ballroom, it was frowned upon by the general public and they are not in any of the early videos of the group.

Member list[edit]

Black Members[edit]

  • Louise "Pal" Andrews
  • Eleanor "Stumpy" Atkinson (Watson) – 4"11" tall; joined the group in 1937, known for her footwork
  • Pettis Dotson "Snooky" Beasley – known for doing a step called the lock[1]
  • Lennie Bluett
  • Clyde "Brownie" Brown – for a time, Whitey's right hand man[1]
  • John "Tiny" Bunch – at over 300 pounds, his nickname was a joke, but he was revered for his liveliness despite his size. His partner was the petite Dorothy "Dot" Moses.[1]
  • Eunice Callen
  • Wilda Crawford
  • Mildred Cruse
  • Joe "Big Stupe" Daniels
  • Joyce "Little Stupe" Daniels
  • Eddie Davis
  • William Downes
  • Elnora Dyson
  • Arlyne Evans
  • "Long-legged George" Greenidge
  • Foster "The Dancing Man" Hickson
  • Belle Hill
  • Cornelia "Connie" Hill – won the Lindy Hop division of the 1939 Harvest Moon Ball with Russell Williams
  • Leon James
  • Sonny Jenkins
  • Ann Johnson
  • Dottimae Johnson
  • Walter "Count" "Lefty" Johnson
  • Frances "Mickey" Jones
  • Thomas "Tops" Lee – won the Lindy Hop division of the 1940 Harvest Moon Ball with Wilda Crawford; nicknamed Tops due to his high opinion of himself
  • Johnny McAfee
  • Emily McCloud
  • Maggie McMillan
  • Frankie Manning
  • Lucille Middleton
  • Mae Miller
  • Norma Miller
  • Al Minns
  • Dorothy "Dot" Moses
  • Mildred Pollard
  • Billy Ricker
  • Willa Mae Ricker
  • Naomi Waller
  • Esther Washington
  • Freida Washington
  • Oliver "Buckles" Washington
  • Thomas Washington
  • Billy Williams[1]
  • Jerome Williams
  • Russell Williams – changed his name to Rasul Ali Ibm Aleem in the 1950s; won the Lindy Hop division of the 1939 Harvest Moon Ball with Connie Hill; killed trying to break up a fight

White Members[edit]

  • Ruthie Reingold[8]
  • Harry Rosenberg[9]
  • Jimmy Valentine[10]

Filmography[edit]

Broadway theatre[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Manning, Frankie; Millman, Cynthia (2007). Frankie Manning: Ambassador of Lindy Hop. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-59213-563-9.
  2. ^ a b Sago, Renata (August 10, 2018). "From Harlem to Herrang: An Original Lindy Hopper Blooms in Sweden". The New York Times.
  3. ^ a b c d "Norma Miller: National Visionary". National Leadership Visionary Project. 2013.
  4. ^ "A Day at the Races". Library of Congress. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d McFadden, Robert D. (May 6, 2019). "Norma Miller, Lindy-Hopping 'Queen of Swing,' Is Dead at 99". The New York Times.
  6. ^ Sago, Renata (October 1, 2015). "At 95 Years Old, Norma Miller, the Queen of Swing, Still Reigns". WGCU (TV).
  7. ^ "'Alive And Kicking' Chronicles Deep History Of Swing Dancing". NPR. April 9, 2017.
  8. ^ THIRTEEN Specials | Frankie Manning: Never Stop Swinging | PBS, retrieved 2023-05-25
  9. ^ Stevens, Tamara (2011). Swing dancing. The American dance floor. Santa Barbara, Ca.: Greenwood. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-313-37517-0.
  10. ^ rikomatic (2020-08-26). "Watch Jimmy Valentine, a Legendary One-legged Lindy Hopper, Throwing Down with Sylvia Sykes". Yehoodi. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
  11. ^ The Soundies Distributing Corporation of America: a history and filmography of their "jukebox" musical films of the 1940s. Terenzio, MacGillivary, Okuda. 1954. page 72.ISBN 0-89950-578-3
  12. ^ The Soundies Distributing Corporation of America: a history and filmography of their "jukebox" musical films of the 1940s. Terenzio, MacGillivary, Okuda. 1954. page 96.ISBN 0-89950-578-3

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitey%27s_Lindy_Hoppers&oldid=1190107227"