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Whitey's Lindy Hoppers was a professional performing group of exceptional swing dancers that was first organized in the late 1920s by Herbert "Whitey" White in the Savoy Ballroom and disbanded in 1942 after its male members were drafted into World War II. The group took on many different forms and had several different names and sub-groups, including Whitey's Hopping Maniacs, Harlem Congeroo Dancers, and The Hot Chocolates. In addition to touring nationally and internationally, the group appeared in several films and Broadway theatre productions. Dorothy Dandridge and Sammy Davis Jr. were among the group's celebrity regulars.

History[edit]

Beginning in the late 1920s, White, a bouncer at the Savoy Ballroom and former dancing waiter, began organizing exceptional dancers, first under the aegis of George Snowden and then under White himself. Although many members felt mistreated by White, many admired his promotion of the dance.^[1]

In 1934, at the age of 14, Norma Miller became the youngest member the group.

In 1935, the group competed in a dance contest called the Harvest Moon Ball at Madison Square Garden.^[2] The group then went on a 7-month European tour.^[3]

In 1936, the group began a tour of the U.S. with headliner Ethel Waters. While in California, they met the Marx Brothers, Allan Jones and Maureen O’Sullivan, and made their film debut in A Day at the Races (1937), a movie for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. They danced and sang in the number "All God's Chillun Got Rhythm" which featured singer Ivie Anderson and other members of Duke Ellington’s orchestra.^[4] Dave Gould, the choreographer, was nominated for an Academy Award for the dance sequence.^[5]

In 1938, for a second time, the group competed in the Harvest Moon Ball, hosted that year by Ed Sullivan. Sullivan invited members of the group to perform on Toast of the Town (later called The Ed Sullivan Show).^[3] The group also competed in the contest in 1939 and 1940.

Whitey's Lindy Hoppers performed in the movie Hellzapoppin' (1941), where they executed breathtaking flips, slides, kicks, splits, and lifts.^[6]^[7]^[5] When they returned from filming, the group went to Rio de Janeiro to perform. Because of the Attack on Pearl Harbor, they were unable to find transportation home and ended up staying for 10 months, nearly exhausting all of their energy and money.^[3]^[5]

In 1942, the group went on a 3-week tour with Cootie Williams and Pearl Bailey that included performances at the Apollo Theater, the Howard Theatre in Washington, D.C., and the Royal Theatre in Baltimore.^[3] The group disbanded shortly thereafter since the males were called into service during World War II.^[2]

After the group disbanded, White moved to Oswego and opened a restaurant. He died of a heart attack in September 1950.^[1]

Members[edit]

Al Minns, Leon James, Frankie Manning, and Norma Miller are the most notable members of the group - Minns and James in part for their role in the research of Jean and Marshall Stearns's influential book Jazz Dance, Minns for his work with the Hot Shots during the swing revival in the 1980s, Manning for his role in contributing to the swing revival after Minns died in 1985, and Miller for her presentations and instruction at Herräng Dance Camp up until her death in 2019.^[5]

Ruthie Reingold, Harry Rosenberg, and Jimmy Valentine were the only white members of the group. Although mixed race dancing was accepted at the Savoy Ballroom, it was frowned upon by the general public and they are not in any of the early videos of the group.

Member list[edit]

Black Members[edit]

Louise "Pal" Andrews
Eleanor "Stumpy" Atkinson (Watson) – 4"11" tall; joined the group in 1937, known for her footwork
Pettis Dotson "Snooky" Beasley – known for doing a step called the lock^[1]
Lennie Bluett
Clyde "Brownie" Brown – for a time, Whitey's right hand man^[1]
John "Tiny" Bunch – at over 300 pounds, his nickname was a joke, but he was revered for his liveliness despite his size. His partner was the petite Dorothy "Dot" Moses.^[1]
Eunice Callen
Wilda Crawford
Mildred Cruse
Joe "Big Stupe" Daniels
Joyce "Little Stupe" Daniels
Eddie Davis
William Downes
Elnora Dyson
Arlyne Evans
"Long-legged George" Greenidge
Foster "The Dancing Man" Hickson
Belle Hill
Cornelia "Connie" Hill – won the Lindy Hop division of the 1939 Harvest Moon Ball with Russell Williams
Leon James
Sonny Jenkins
Ann Johnson
Dottimae Johnson
Walter "Count" "Lefty" Johnson
Frances "Mickey" Jones
Thomas "Tops" Lee – won the Lindy Hop division of the 1940 Harvest Moon Ball with Wilda Crawford; nicknamed Tops due to his high opinion of himself
Johnny McAfee
Emily McCloud
Maggie McMillan
Frankie Manning
Lucille Middleton
Mae Miller
Norma Miller
Al Minns
Dorothy "Dot" Moses
Mildred Pollard
Billy Ricker
Willa Mae Ricker
Naomi Waller
Esther Washington
Freida Washington
Oliver "Buckles" Washington
Thomas Washington
Billy Williams^[1]
Jerome Williams
Russell Williams – changed his name to Rasul Ali Ibm Aleem in the 1950s; won the Lindy Hop division of the 1939 Harvest Moon Ball with Connie Hill; killed trying to break up a fight

White Members[edit]

Ruthie Reingold^[8]
Harry Rosenberg^[9]
Jimmy Valentine^[10]

Filmography[edit]

A Day at the Races, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 1937 (with the Marx Brothers)
Manhattan Merry-Go-Round, Republic Pictures, 1937
Radio City Revels, RKO Pictures, 1938
Keep Punching, M.C. Pictures, 1939^[1] (aka Jittering Jitterbugs, featuring the Big Apple)
Hellzapoppin', Universal Pictures, 1941
Hot Chocolates (Cottontail), RCM Productions, 1941 Soundies
The Outline of Jitterbug History, RCM Productions, 1942 Soundies^[11]
Sugar Hill Masquerade, Minoco Productions, 1942 Soundies^[12]
Killer Diller, All-American News, 1948 - 4 members of the group

Broadway theatre[edit]

Hot Mikado (with Bill Robinson)
Black Rhythm (1936)
Cotton Club Revue (with Cab Calloway) (1938)

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Manning, Frankie; Millman, Cynthia (2007). Frankie Manning: Ambassador of Lindy Hop. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-59213-563-9.
^ ^a ^b Sago, Renata (August 10, 2018). "From Harlem to Herrang: An Original Lindy Hopper Blooms in Sweden". The New York Times.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Norma Miller: National Visionary". National Leadership Visionary Project. 2013.
^ "A Day at the Races". Library of Congress. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d McFadden, Robert D. (May 6, 2019). "Norma Miller, Lindy-Hopping 'Queen of Swing,' Is Dead at 99". The New York Times.
^ Sago, Renata (October 1, 2015). "At 95 Years Old, Norma Miller, the Queen of Swing, Still Reigns". WGCU (TV).
^ "'Alive And Kicking' Chronicles Deep History Of Swing Dancing". NPR. April 9, 2017.
^ THIRTEEN Specials | Frankie Manning: Never Stop Swinging | PBS, retrieved 2023-05-25
^ Stevens, Tamara (2011). Swing dancing. The American dance floor. Santa Barbara, Ca.: Greenwood. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-313-37517-0.
^ rikomatic (2020-08-26). "Watch Jimmy Valentine, a Legendary One-legged Lindy Hopper, Throwing Down with Sylvia Sykes". Yehoodi. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
^ The Soundies Distributing Corporation of America: a history and filmography of their "jukebox" musical films of the 1940s. Terenzio, MacGillivary, Okuda. 1954. page 72.ISBN 0-89950-578-3
^ The Soundies Distributing Corporation of America: a history and filmography of their "jukebox" musical films of the 1940s. Terenzio, MacGillivary, Okuda. 1954. page 96.ISBN 0-89950-578-3

External links[edit]

Whitey's Lindy Hoppers at Savoystyle.com
Whitey's Lindy Hoppers at StreetSwing.com
Whitey's Lindy Hoppers search on YouTube featuring samples of their work

[amb-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Manning, Frankie; Millman, Cynthia (2007). Frankie Manning: Ambassador of Lindy Hop. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-59213-563-9.

[herrang-2] Sago, Renata (August 10, 2018). "From Harlem to Herrang: An Original Lindy Hopper Blooms in Sweden". The New York Times.

[visionary-3] "Norma Miller: National Visionary". National Leadership Visionary Project. 2013.

[4] "A Day at the Races". Library of Congress. Retrieved July 24, 2020.

[obit-5] McFadden, Robert D. (May 6, 2019). "Norma Miller, Lindy-Hopping 'Queen of Swing,' Is Dead at 99". The New York Times.

[6] Sago, Renata (October 1, 2015). "At 95 Years Old, Norma Miller, the Queen of Swing, Still Reigns". WGCU (TV).

[7] "'Alive And Kicking' Chronicles Deep History Of Swing Dancing". NPR. April 9, 2017.

[8] THIRTEEN Specials | Frankie Manning: Never Stop Swinging | PBS, retrieved 2023-05-25

[9] Stevens, Tamara (2011). Swing dancing. The American dance floor. Santa Barbara, Ca.: Greenwood. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-313-37517-0.

[10] rikomatic (2020-08-26). "Watch Jimmy Valentine, a Legendary One-legged Lindy Hopper, Throwing Down with Sylvia Sykes". Yehoodi. Retrieved 2023-05-25.

[11] The Soundies Distributing Corporation of America: a history and filmography of their "jukebox" musical films of the 1940s. Terenzio, MacGillivary, Okuda. 1954. page 72.ISBN 0-89950-578-3

[12] The Soundies Distributing Corporation of America: a history and filmography of their "jukebox" musical films of the 1940s. Terenzio, MacGillivary, Okuda. 1954. page 96.ISBN 0-89950-578-3

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Whitey's Lindy Hoppers''' was a professional performing group of  [[swing (dance)|swing]] dancers, started in 1935 by Herbert "Whitey" White in the [[Savoy Ballroom]] and disbanded in 1942 after its male members were drafted into [[World War II]]. The group took on many different forms and had several different names, including Whitey's Hopping Maniacs, Harlem Congeroo Dancers, and The Hot Chocolates. In addition to touring nationally and internationally, the group appeared in several films and [[Broadway theatre]] productions. [[Dorothy Dandridge]] and [[Sammy Davis Jr.]] were among the group's celebrity regulars.
+'''Whitey's Lindy Hoppers''' was a professional performing group of exceptional [[swing (dance)|swing]] dancers that was first organized in the late 1920s by Herbert "Whitey" White in the [[Savoy Ballroom]] and disbanded in 1942 after its male members were drafted into [[World War II]]. The group took on many different forms and had several different names and sub-groups, including Whitey's Hopping Maniacs, Harlem Congeroo Dancers, and The Hot Chocolates. In addition to touring nationally and internationally, the group appeared in several films and [[Broadway theatre]] productions. [[Dorothy Dandridge]] and [[Sammy Davis Jr.]] were among the group's celebrity regulars.
+==History==
-[[Al Minns]], [[Leon James (dancer)|Leon James]], [[Frankie Manning]], and [[Norma Miller]] are the most famous members of the group - Minns and James in part for their role in the research of Jean and [[Marshall Stearns]]'s influential book ''Jazz Dance,'' Minns for his work with the [[Hot Shots (dance companies)|Hot Shots]] during the [[swing revival]] in the 1980s, Manning for his role in contributing to the [[swing revival]] after Minns died in 1985, and Miller for her presentations and instruction at [[Herräng Dance Camp]] up until her death in 2019.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/06/obituaries/norma-miller-dead.html | title=Norma Miller, Lindy-Hopping ‘Queen of Swing,’ Is Dead at 99 | first=Robert D. | last=McFadden | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=May 6, 2019}}</ref>
+Beginning in the late 1920s, White, a bouncer at the Savoy Ballroom and former dancing waiter, began organizing exceptional dancers, first under the aegis of [[George Snowden]] and then under White himself. Although many members felt mistreated by White, many admired his promotion of the dance.<ref name=amb/>
+In 1934, at the age of 14, [[Norma Miller]] became the youngest member the group.
+In 1935, the group competed in a dance contest called the Harvest Moon Ball at [[Madison Square Garden]].<ref name=herrang>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/10/arts/dance/lindy-hop-herrang-norma-miller.html | title=From Harlem to Herrang: An Original Lindy Hopper Blooms in Sweden | first=Renata | last=Sago | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=August 10, 2018}}</ref> The group then went on a 7-month European tour.<ref name=visionary>{{cite web | url=http://www.visionaryproject.org/millernorma/ | title=Norma Miller: National Visionary | publisher=National Leadership Visionary Project | date=2013}}</ref>
+In 1936, the group began a tour of the U.S. with headliner [[Ethel Waters]]. <!-- The American Film Institute page says "Day at the Races" was shot in the periods 3 Sep--23 Sep 1936; and 21 Dec 1936--2 Apr 1937 --> While in California, they met the [[Marx Brothers]], [[Allan Jones (actor)|Allan Jones]] and [[Maureen O’Sullivan]], and made their film debut in ''[[A Day at the Races (film)|A Day at the Races]]'' (1937), a movie for [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]. They danced and sang in the number "[[All God's Chillun Got Rhythm]]" which featured singer [[Ivie Anderson]] and other members of [[Duke Ellington]]’s orchestra.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/jots.200014815|title=A Day at the Races|work=Library of Congress|access-date=July 24, 2020}}</ref> [[Dave Gould]], the choreographer, was nominated for an [[Academy Award]] for the dance sequence.<ref name=obit>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/06/obituaries/norma-miller-dead.html | title=Norma Miller, Lindy-Hopping ‘Queen of Swing,’ Is Dead at 99 | first=Robert D. | last=McFadden | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=May 6, 2019}}</ref>
+In 1938, for a second time, the group competed in the Harvest Moon Ball, hosted that year by [[Ed Sullivan]]. Sullivan invited members of the group to perform on ''Toast of the Town'' (later called ''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]'').<ref name=visionary/> The group also competed in the contest in 1939 and 1940.
+Whitey's Lindy Hoppers performed in the movie ''[[Hellzapoppin' (film)|Hellzapoppin']]'' (1941), where they executed breathtaking [[Flip (acrobatic)|flips]], slides, kicks, [[Split (gymnastics)|splits]], and lifts.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://news.wgcu.org/post/95-years-old-norma-miller-queen-swing-still-reigns | title=At 95 Years Old, Norma Miller, the Queen of Swing, Still Reigns | last=Sago | first=Renata | work=[[WGCU (TV)]] | date=October 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.npr.org/2017/04/09/523203753/alive-and-kicking-chronicles-deep-history-of-swing-dancing | title='Alive And Kicking' Chronicles Deep History Of Swing Dancing | work=[[NPR]] | date=April 9, 2017}}</ref><ref name=obit/> When they returned from filming, the group went to [[Rio de Janeiro]] to perform. Because of the [[Attack on Pearl Harbor]], they were unable to find transportation home and ended up staying for 10 months, nearly exhausting all of their energy and money.<ref name=visionary/><ref name=obit/>
+In 1942, the group went on a 3-week tour with [[Cootie Williams]] and [[Pearl Bailey]] that included performances at the [[Apollo Theater]], the [[Howard Theatre]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], and the [[Royal Theatre (Baltimore)|Royal Theatre]] in [[Baltimore]].<ref name=visionary/> The group disbanded shortly thereafter since the males were called into service during [[World War II]].<ref name=herrang/>
+After the group disbanded, White moved to Oswego and opened a restaurant. He died of a heart attack in September 1950.<ref name=amb>{{Cite book | title=Frankie Manning: Ambassador of Lindy Hop | last=Manning | first=Frankie | last2=Millman | first2=Cynthia | publisher=[[Temple University Press]] | year=2007 | isbn=978-1-59213-563-9 | location=[[Philadelphia]]}}</ref>
 ==Members==
+[[Al Minns]], [[Leon James (dancer)|Leon James]], [[Frankie Manning]], and [[Norma Miller]] are the most notable members of the group - Minns and James in part for their role in the research of Jean and [[Marshall Stearns]]'s influential book ''Jazz Dance,'' Minns for his work with the [[Hot Shots (dance companies)|Hot Shots]] during the [[swing revival]] in the 1980s, Manning for his role in contributing to the [[swing revival]] after Minns died in 1985, and Miller for her presentations and instruction at [[Herräng Dance Camp]] up until her death in 2019.<ref name="obit"/>
-''(partial list)''
+Ruthie Reingold, Harry Rosenberg, and Jimmy Valentine were the only white members of the group. Although mixed race dancing was accepted at the Savoy Ballroom, it was frowned upon by the general public and they are not in any of the early videos of the group.
+===Member list===
+==== Black Members ====
 * Louise "Pal" Andrews
+* Eleanor "Stumpy" Atkinson (Watson) – 4"11" tall; joined the group in 1937, known for her footwork
-* Pettis Dotson "Snooky" Beasley<ref name=amb>{{Cite book | title=Frankie Manning: Ambassador of Lindy Hop | last=Manning | first=Frankie | last2=Millman | first2=Cynthia | publisher=[[Temple University Press]] |year=2007 | isbn=978-1-59213-563-9 | location=[[Philadelphia]] | pages=73}}</ref>
+* Pettis Dotson "Snooky" Beasley – known for doing a step called the [[Lock step (dance move)|lock]]<ref name="amb" />
 * Lennie Bluett
+* Clyde "Brownie" Brown – for a time, Whitey's right hand man<ref name="amb" />
-* John "Tiny" Bunch
+* John "Tiny" Bunch – at over 300 pounds, his nickname was a joke, but he was revered for his liveliness despite his size. His partner was the petite Dorothy "Dot" Moses.<ref name="amb" />
 * Eunice Callen
 * Wilda Crawford
@@ Line 18: / Line 40: @@
 * William Downes
 * Elnora Dyson
+* Arlyne Evans
 * "Long-legged George" Greenidge
+* Foster "The Dancing Man" Hickson
-* Connie Hill
+* Belle Hill
+* Cornelia "Connie" Hill – won the Lindy Hop division of the 1939 Harvest Moon Ball with Russell Williams
 * [[Leon James (dancer)|Leon James]]
+* Sonny Jenkins
 * Ann Johnson
-* Dorothy "Dot" Johnson
+* Dottimae Johnson
+* Walter "Count" "Lefty" Johnson
 * Frances "Mickey" Jones
+* Thomas "Tops" Lee – won the Lindy Hop division of the 1940 Harvest Moon Ball with Wilda Crawford; nicknamed Tops due to his high opinion of himself
-* Thomas "Tops" Lee
+* Johnny McAfee
+* Emily McCloud
 * Maggie McMillan
 * [[Frankie Manning]]
 * Lucille Middleton
+* Mae Miller
 * [[Norma Miller]]
 * [[Al Minns]]
+* Dorothy "Dot" Moses
 * Mildred Pollard
 * Billy Ricker
 * [[Willa Mae Ricker]]
-* Eleanor "Stumpy" Watson
 * Naomi Waller
 * Esther Washington
 * Freida Washington
+* Oliver "Buckles" Washington
-* Billy Williams<ref name=amb/>
+* Thomas Washington
+* Billy Williams<ref name="amb" />
 * Jerome Williams
+* Russell Williams – changed his name to Rasul Ali Ibm Aleem in the 1950s; won the Lindy Hop division of the 1939 Harvest Moon Ball with Connie Hill; killed trying to break up a fight
-* Russell Williams/Rasul Ali Ibm Aleem
-* Jimmy Valentine
+==== White Members ====
-* Ruthie Reingold
-* Harry Rosenberg
+* Ruthie Reingold<ref>{{Citation |last= |title=THIRTEEN Specials {{!}} Frankie Manning: Never Stop Swinging {{!}} PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/video/thirteen-specials-frankie-manning-never-stop-swinging/ |access-date=2023-05-25 |language=en}}</ref>
+* Harry Rosenberg<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stevens |first=Tamara |title=Swing dancing |date=2011 |publisher=Greenwood |isbn=978-0-313-37517-0 |series=The American dance floor |location=Santa Barbara, Ca. |page=84}}</ref>
+* Jimmy Valentine<ref>{{Cite web |last=rikomatic |date=2020-08-26 |title=Watch Jimmy Valentine, a Legendary One-legged Lindy Hopper, Throwing Down with Sylvia Sykes |url=http://www.yehoodi.com/blog/2020/8/26/jimmy-valentine |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=Yehoodi |language=en-US}}</ref>
 ==Filmography==
@@ Line 48: / Line 83: @@
 *''[[Manhattan Merry-Go-Round]]'', [[Republic Pictures]], [[1937 in film|1937]]
 *''[[Radio City Revels]]'', [[RKO Pictures]], [[1938 in film|1938]]
-*''Keep Punching'', M.C. Pictures, 1939<ref name=amb/> (aka ''Jittering Jitterbugs,'' featuring the ''[[Big Apple (dance)|Big Apple]]'')
+*''[[Keep Punching (1939 film)|Keep Punching]]'', M.C. Pictures, 1939<ref name=amb/> (aka ''Jittering Jitterbugs,'' featuring the ''[[Big Apple (dance)|Big Apple]]'')
 *''[[Hellzapoppin' (film)|Hellzapoppin']], [[Universal Pictures]],'' [[1941 in film|1941]]
 *''[[Hot Chocolates]]'' (''Cottontail''), RCM Productions, [[1941 in film|1941]] [[Soundies]]
-* ''The Outline of Jitterbug History'', RCM Productions, 1942 [[Soundies]]<ref>The Soundies Distributing Corporation of America: a history and filmography of their "jukebox" musical films of the 1940s. Terenzio, MacGillivary, Okuda. 1954. page 72.{{ISBN|0-89950-578-3}} </ref>
+* ''The Outline of Jitterbug History'', RCM Productions, 1942 [[Soundies]]<ref>The Soundies Distributing Corporation of America: a history and filmography of their "jukebox" musical films of the 1940s. Terenzio, MacGillivary, Okuda. 1954. page 72.{{ISBN|0-89950-578-3}}</ref>
-* ''Sugar Hill Masquerade,'' Minoco Productions, 1942 [[Soundies]]<ref>The Soundies Distributing Corporation of America: a history and filmography of their "jukebox" musical films of the 1940s. Terenzio, MacGillivary, Okuda. 1954. page 96.{{ISBN|0-89950-578-3}}</ref>
+* ''[[Sugar Hill Masquerade]]'', Minoco Productions, 1942 [[Soundies]]<ref>The Soundies Distributing Corporation of America: a history and filmography of their "jukebox" musical films of the 1940s. Terenzio, MacGillivary, Okuda. 1954. page 96.{{ISBN|0-89950-578-3}}</ref>
+* ''[[Killer Diller (1948 film)|Killer Diller]]'', All-American News, 1948 - 4 members of the group
-* ''Cabin in the Sky'', [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]], 1943
-* ''Killer Diller'', All-American News, 1948 - 4 members of the group
 ==Broadway theatre==
-* Hot Mikado (with [[Bill Robinson]])
+* [[The Hot Mikado (1939 production)|Hot Mikado]] (with [[Bill Robinson]])
 * Black Rhythm (1936)
 * [[Cotton Club]] Revue (with [[Cab Calloway]]) (1938)
-==See also==
-* [[History of Lindy Hop]]
-* [[African-American dance]]
-* [[Harlem Renaissance]]
-* [[Al & Leon]]
-==Further reading==
-* Frankie Manning and Cynthia R. Millman, ''Frankie Manning: Ambassador of Lindy Hop'', Temple University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|1-59213-563-3}}.
-* Norma Miller and Evette Jensen, ''Swingin' at the Savoy: The Memoir of a Jazz Dancer'', Temple University Press, 1996, {{ISBN|1-56639-494-5}}.
-* Norma Miller, ''Stompin' at the Savoy: the story of Norma Miller'', Candlewich Press, 1996, {{ISBN|0-7636-2244-3}}.
 ==References==
@@ Line 76: / Line 99: @@
 ==External links==
-*[http://www.savoystyle.com/whiteys_lindy_hoppers.html Whitey's Lindy Hoppers at Savoystyle.com]
+*[http://www.savoystyle.com/whiteys_lindy_hoppers.html Whitey's Lindy Hoppers] at Savoystyle.com
-*[http://www.streetswing.com/histmai2/d2wlh2.htm Whitey's Lindy Hoppers at Street Swing]
+*[http://www.streetswing.com/histmai2/d2wlh2.htm Whitey's Lindy Hoppers] at StreetSwing.com
+*[https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Whitey's+Lindy+Hoppers Whitey's Lindy Hoppers] search on [[YouTube]] featuring samples of their work
+{{authority control}}
-[[Category:Dance companies in the United States]]
+[[Category:Dance companies in New York City]]
-[[Category:Dance in New York City]]
 [[Category:Lindy Hop]]
 [[Category:Swing performance troupes]]
-[[Category:Performing groups established in 1935]]
-[[Category:1935 establishments in New York (state)]]
 [[Category:African-American dancers]]
 [[Category:American dancers]]