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{{Short description|Extinct genus of ground sloths}}
{{italic title}}{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
⚫
| name = ''Nothrotherium''
| fossil_range = [[Pleistocene|Middle Pleistocene]]-[[Holocene|Early Holocene]] ([[Uquian]]-[[Lujanian]])<br />~{{fossil range|1.8|0.010}}
| status = Fossil
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| image = Nothrotherium.JPG
| image = Nothrotherium.JPG
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Skull of ''Nothrotherium''
| image_caption = Skull of ''Nothrotherium''
⚫
| taxon = Nothrotherium
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
⚫
| authority = [[Richard Lydekker|Lydekker]], 1889
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| synonyms = {{Species list
| ordo = [[Xenarthra]]
|Coelodon|Lund, 1838
| familia = †[[Nothrotheriidae]]
|Caelodon|Lund, 1839
| genus = [[extinct|†]]'''''Nothrotherium'''''
|Coclodon|Lund, 1839
⚫
| genus_authority = [[Richard Lydekker|Lydekker]], 1889
|Cyclodon|Lund, 1839
|Toelodon|Lund, 1840
|Hypocoelus|[[Florentino Ameghino|Ameghino]], 1891
}}
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
* ''N. maquinense'' Lund, 1839
*
* ''N. escrivanense'' Reinhardt, 1878
*
}}
}}
'''''Nothrotherium''''' is an [[extinct]] [[genus]] of medium-sized [[ground sloth]] from [[South America]] ([[Bolivia]], [[Brazil]] and the [[Ware Formation]], [[La Guajira]], [[Colombia]]).<ref name=Amson_p12>Amson et al., 2016, p.12</ref> It differs from ''[[Nothrotheriops]]'' in smaller size and differences in skull and hind leg bones.


==Taxonomy==
'''''Nothrotherium''''' is an [[extinct]] [[genus]] of [[ground sloth]] from [[South America]] and [[Mexico]].<ref name="PB_Nothrotheriidae">[http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=43618 PaleoBiology Database: ''Nothrotherium'', basic info]</ref>
''Nothrotherium'' is derived from the Greek ''nothros'' [νωθρός], meaning "lazy" or "slothful," and ''therion'' [θηρίον], "beast", and the species ''N. maquinense'' is named after the [[Gruta de Maquiné|Maquiné Grotto]] in [[Brazil]], where it was found. Synonyms such as ''Coelodon'' occasionally cause confusion where they occur in early texts such as that of [[Alfred Russel Wallace]]'s major work, ''The Geographical Distribution of Animals'' (1876).<ref>{{cite book |last=Wallace |first=Alfred Russel |title=The Geographical Distribution of Animals |via=[[Internet Archive]] |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HmqtZfTfQUMC |year=1876 |publisher=Harper and brothers}}</ref> This genus formerly included the species ''[[Shasta Ground Sloth|Nothrotheriops shastensis]]'', which was later moved to ''[[Nothrotheriops]]''.
[[File:Nothrotherium hair UCMP.JPG|thumb|left|Skin]]


== Referneces ==
==Description==
Analysis of a [[coprolite]] associated with a ''N. maquinense'' skeleton in Brazil's Gruta dos Brejoes show it to have been a browser which fed on [[xerophytic]] leaves and fruits,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=L.|last2=Souza|first2=M. M.|title=Restos de vegetais conservados em coprólitos de mamíferos (''Palaeolama'' sp. e ''Nothrotherium maquinense'' (Lund, Lydekker) na Gruta dos Brejoes, BA|journal=Boletim de Resumos do XII Congresso Brasileiro de Paleotologia|pages=74|date=1991}}</ref> and it is sometimes thought to have been an inhabitant of open, peripheral forests, possibly having a semi-arboreal lifestyle, like the contemporaneous Cuban ground sloths and ''[[Diabolotherium]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Eisenberg |first1=John F. |last2=Redford |first2=Kent H. |title=Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 3: Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil |year=1989 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=9780226195421 |pages=34}}</ref> Plant material in the Gruta dos Brejoes coprolite yielded a date of 12,200 ± 120 yr BP.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Czaplewski|first1=N. J.|last2=Cartelle|first2=Castor|title=Pleistocene bats from cave deposits in Bahia, Brazil|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=79|issue=3|pages=784–803|date=1998|doi=10.2307/1383089|jstor=1383089|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Steadman|first=D. W.|display-authors=et al.|title=Asynchronous extinction of late Quaternary sloths on continents and islands|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=102|issue=33|pages=11763–11768|date=2005|doi=10.1073/pnas.0502777102|pmid=16085711|pmc=1187974|bibcode=2005PNAS..10211763S|doi-access=free}}</ref>
{{reflist}}

⚫
*''Classification of Mammals'' by Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell
{{clearleft}}

== References ==
{{Portal|Paleontology}}
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite LSA |last=Amson |first=Eli |last2=Carrillo |first2=Juan D. |last3=Jaramillo |first3=Carlos |year=2016 |title=Neogene sloth assemblages (Mammalia, Pilosa) of the Cocinetas Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange |url=http://www.stri.si.edu/sites/publications/PDFs/Amson_et_al-2016_Sloth_Castilletes.pdf |journal=[[Palaeontology (journal)|Palaeontology]] |volume=_ |pages=1-20 |accessdate=2017-03-31}}

== Further reading ==
⚫
* ''Classification of Mammals'' by Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell

{{Pilosan genera|M.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q15042034}}


[[Category:Prehistoric sloths]]
[[Category:Prehistoric sloths]]
[[Category:Prehistoric mammals of South America]]
[[Category:Prehistoric placental genera]]
[[Category:Prehistoric mammals of North America]]
[[Category:Pleistocene xenarthrans]]
[[Category:Pleistocene first appearances]]
[[Category:Holocene extinctions]]
[[Category:Pleistocene mammals of North America]]
[[Category:Pleistocene Mexico]]
[[Category:Fossils of Mexico]]
[[Category:Pleistocene mammals of South America]]
[[Category:Uquian]]
[[Category:Ensenadan]]
[[Category:Lujanian]]
[[Category:Pleistocene Bolivia]]
[[Category:Fossils of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Pleistocene Brazil]]
[[Category:Holocene Brazil]]
[[Category:Fossils of Brazil]]
[[Category:Pleistocene Colombia]]
[[Category:Fossils of Colombia]]
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1889]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Richard Lydekker]]


{{paleo-mammal-stub}}
{{paleo-mammal-stub}}

Latest revision as of 00:31, 30 January 2024

Nothrotherium
Temporal range: Middle Pleistocene-Early Holocene (Uquian-Lujanian)
~1.8–0.010 Ma
↓
Skull of Nothrotherium
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Pilosa
Family: †Nothrotheriidae
Subfamily: †Nothrotheriinae
Genus: †Nothrotherium
Lydekker, 1889
Species
  • N. maquinense Lund, 1839
  • N. escrivanense Reinhardt, 1878
Synonyms
  • Coelodon Lund, 1838
  • Caelodon Lund, 1839
  • Coclodon Lund, 1839
  • Cyclodon Lund, 1839
  • Toelodon Lund, 1840
  • Hypocoelus Ameghino, 1891

Nothrotherium is an extinct genus of medium-sized ground sloth from South America (Bolivia, Brazil and the Ware Formation, La Guajira, Colombia).[1] It differs from Nothrotheriops in smaller size and differences in skull and hind leg bones.

Taxonomy[edit]

Nothrotherium is derived from the Greek nothros [νωθρός], meaning "lazy" or "slothful," and therion [θηρίον], "beast", and the species N. maquinense is named after the Maquiné Grotto in Brazil, where it was found. Synonyms such as Coelodon occasionally cause confusion where they occur in early texts such as that of Alfred Russel Wallace's major work, The Geographical Distribution of Animals (1876).[2] This genus formerly included the species Nothrotheriops shastensis, which was later moved to Nothrotheriops.

Description[edit]

Analysis of a coprolite associated with a N. maquinense skeleton in Brazil's Gruta dos Brejoes show it to have been a browser which fed on xerophytic leaves and fruits,[3] and it is sometimes thought to have been an inhabitant of open, peripheral forests, possibly having a semi-arboreal lifestyle, like the contemporaneous Cuban ground sloths and Diabolotherium.[4] Plant material in the Gruta dos Brejoes coprolite yielded a date of 12,200 ± 120 yr BP.[5][6]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Amson et al., 2016, p.12
  2. ^ Wallace, Alfred Russel (1876). The Geographical Distribution of Animals. Harper and brothers – via Internet Archive.
  3. ^ Duarte, L.; Souza, M. M. (1991). "Restos de vegetais conservados em coprólitos de mamíferos (Palaeolama sp. e Nothrotherium maquinense (Lund, Lydekker) na Gruta dos Brejoes, BA". Boletim de Resumos do XII Congresso Brasileiro de Paleotologia: 74.
  4. ^ Eisenberg, John F.; Redford, Kent H. (1989). Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 3: Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil. University of Chicago Press. p. 34. ISBN 9780226195421.
  5. ^ Czaplewski, N. J.; Cartelle, Castor (1998). "Pleistocene bats from cave deposits in Bahia, Brazil". Journal of Mammalogy. 79 (3): 784–803. doi:10.2307/1383089. JSTOR 1383089.
  6. ^ Steadman, D. W.; et al. (2005). "Asynchronous extinction of late Quaternary sloths on continents and islands". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (33): 11763–11768. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10211763S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0502777102. PMC 1187974. PMID 16085711.

Bibliography[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Classification of Mammals by Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell


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