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{{Short description|Genus of lizards}}
{{Automatic Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Bradypodion tavetanum sleeping.jpg
| image_caption = ''Kinyongia tavetana'', sleeping
| image = Kinyongia matschiei 103003519.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Kinyongia matschiei]]''
| taxon = Kinyongia
| taxon = Kinyongia
| authority = [[Colin R. Tilbury|Tilbury]], [[Krystal A. Tolley|Tolley]] & [[:fr:William Roy Branch|Branch]], 2006
| authority = [[species:Colin R. Tilbury|Tilbury]], [[species:Krystal A. Tolley|Tolley]] & [[William Roy Branch|Branch]], 2006
| range_map = Kinyongia sp. distribution.png
}}
}}


'''''Kinyongia''''' (derived from the group's name in [[Kiswahili language]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chameleonnews.com/08FebLutzmann.htmll |author=Lutzmann, Nicolà|date=2008|title=Some important changes in the systematics of ''Bradypodion'' Fitzinger, 1843|accessdate=2012-09-24 |work=Chameleons! Online E-Zine, February 2008}}</ref> is a [[chameleon]] [[genus]] recently established for several [[plesiomorph]]ic [[species]] found in forest and woodland in [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], and far eastern [[DR Congo]]. All except ''K. adolfifriderici'' and ''K. tavetana'' are restricted to highlands, and many have very small geographic ranges. In most, at least the males have horns or knobs on their noses. They had been placed into the genus ''[[Bradypodion]]'' for some time.<ref>Klaver CJ, [[:de:Wolfgang Böhme (Zoologe)|Böhme W]] (1986). "Phylogeny and classification of the Chamaeleonidae (Sauria) with special reference to hemipenis morphology". ''Bonner Zoologische Monographien'' '''22''': 1–64.</ref><ref>Tolley, Krystal A.; Tilbury, Colin R.; [[:fr:William Roy Branch|Branch, William R.]] (2004). "Phylogenetics of the southern African dwarf chameleons, ''Bradypodion'' (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae)". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''30''': 354–365. {{doi|10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00211-2}} [http://academic.sun.ac.za/botzoo/tolley/tolley%20et%20al%20MPE%202004.pdf PDF fulltext] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202234024/http://academic.sun.ac.za/botzoo/tolley/tolley%20et%20al%20MPE%202004.pdf |date=2007-02-02 }}
'''''Kinyongia''''' (derived from the group's name in [[Kiswahili language]]) is a [[genus]] of [[chameleon]]s found in montane and sub-montane areas in [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], and far eastern [[DR Congo]]. They are restricted to forests, woodlands and other wooded habitats, and many species have very small geographic ranges. In most species, at least the males have horns or knobs on their noses.<ref name=Tilbury2006>{{aut|Tilbury CR, Tolley KA, Branch WR}} (2006). "A review of the genus ''Bradypodion'' (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae), with the descriptions of two new genera". ''Zootaxa'' '''1363''': 23–38.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chameleonnews.com/08FebLutzmann.htmll |author=Lutzmann, Nicolà|author-link=species:Nicola Lutzmann|date=2008|title=Some important changes in the systematics of ''Bradypodion'' Fitzinger, 1843|accessdate=2012-09-24 |work=Chameleons! Online E-Zine, February 2008}}</ref> As typical of most chameleons, ''Kinyongia'' are [[oviparous]].<ref name=Hughes2020>{{cite journal| last1=Hughes | first1=D.F. | last2=Blackburn | first2=D.G. | year=2020 | title=Evolutionary origins of viviparity in Chamaeleonidae | journal=Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research | volume=58 | issue=1 | pages=284–302 | doi=10.1111/jzs.12328 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

</ref> It has recently been pointed out that the ending to the [[specific name (zoology)|specific epithet]] in several of the below listed species should be modified to match the [[Grammatical gender|feminine]] genus name.<ref>Tolley, Krystal A.; Tilbury, Colin R.; Branch, William R. (2007). "Corrections to species names recently placed in ''Kinyongia'' and ''Nadzikambia'' (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae)". ''Zootaxa'' '''1426''': 68.</ref>
They were initially placed in the genus ''[[Chamaeleo]]'' and by some authorities subsequently transferred into ''[[Bradypodion]]'', but in 2006 they were moved to their own genus, ''Kinyongia''.<ref name=Tilbury2006/><ref>[[species:Charles J.J. Klver|Klaver CJ]], [[:de:Wolfgang Böhme (Zoologe)|Böhme W]] (1986). "Phylogeny and classification of the Chamaeleonidae (Sauria) with special reference to hemipenis morphology". ''Bonner Zoologische Monographien'' '''22''': 1–64.</ref><ref>[[species:Krystal A. Tolley|Tolley, Krystal A.]]; [[species:Colin R. Tilbury|Tilbury, Colin R.]]; [[:fr:William Roy Branch|Branch, William R.]] (2004). "Phylogenetics of the southern African dwarf chameleons, ''Bradypodion'' (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae)". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''30''': 354–365. {{doi|10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00211-2}} [http://academic.sun.ac.za/botzoo/tolley/tolley%20et%20al%20MPE%202004.pdf PDF fulltext] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202234024/http://academic.sun.ac.za/botzoo/tolley/tolley%20et%20al%20MPE%202004.pdf |date=2007-02-02 }}</ref><ref>Tolley, Krystal A.; Tilbury, Colin R.; Branch, William R. (2007). "Corrections to species names recently placed in ''Kinyongia'' and ''Nadzikambia'' (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae)". ''Zootaxa'' '''1426''': 68.</ref>


==Species==
==Species==
The following 23 [[species]] are recognized as being valid.<ref>"''Kinyongia'' ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.</ref>
The following 23 [[species]] are recognized as being valid.<ref>{{EMBL genus|genus=Kinyongia}} www.reptile-database.org.</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
*''[[Kinyongia adolfifriderici]]'' {{small|([[Richard Sternfeld|Sternfeld]], 1912)}} – Ituri chameleon
|-
⚫
*''[[Kinyongia asheorum]]'' ({{small|[[Petr Necas|Necas]] et al., 2009}}) – Mount Nyiro bearded chameleon
! Image !! Scientific name !! Common name !! Distribution
*''[[Kinyongia boehmei]]'' {{small|([[Nicolà Lutzmann|Lutzmann]] & Necas, 2002)}} – Boehme's chameleon
|-
*''[[Kinyongia carpenteri]]'' {{small|([[Hampton Wildman Parker|Parker]], 1929)}} – Carpenter's chameleon
*''[[Kinyongia excubitor]]'' {{small|([[Thomas Barbour|Barbour]], 1911)}} – Mt. Kenya hornless chameleon
| ||''[[Kinyongia adolfifriderici]]'' {{small|([[Richard Sternfeld|Sternfeld]], 1912)}} || Ituri chameleon || Burundi, northern and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda.
|-
⚫
*''[[Kinyongia fischeri]]'' {{small|([[Anton Reichenow|Reichenow]], 1887)}} – Fischer's chameleon
*''[[Kinyongia gyrolepis]]'' ({{small|[[Eli Greenbaum|Greenbaum]] et al., 2012}}) – Lendu chameleon
| ||''[[Kinyongia asheorum]]'' ({{small|[[species:Petr Nečas|Nečas]] et al., 2009}}) || Mount Nyiro bearded chameleon || Kenya
|-
⚫
*''[[Kinyongia itombwensis]]'' {{small|Hughes et al., 2017}} – Itombwe forest chameleon
*''[[Kinyongia magomberae]]'' {{small|[[Michele Menegon|Menegon]] et al., 2009}} – Magombera chameleon
|[[File:Kinyongia boehmei 48294284.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Kinyongia boehmei]]'' {{small|([[species:Nicola Lutzmann|Lutzmann]] & Nečas, 2002)}} || Taita blade-horned chameleon, Böhme's two-horned chameleon ||Kenya
|-
*''[[Kinyongia matschiei]]'' {{small|([[Franz Werner|F. Werner]], 1895)}} – giant monkey-tailed East Usambara two-horned chameleon
*''[[Kinyongia msuyae]]'' {{small|Menegon et al., 2015}}
| ||''[[Kinyongia carpenteri]]'' {{small|([[Hampton Wildman Parker|Parker]], 1929)}} || Carpenter's chameleon || Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
|-
⚫
*''[[Kinyongia multituberculata]]'' {{small|([[Fritz Nieden|Nieden]], 1913)}} – West Usambara two-horned chameleon
*''[[Kinyongia mulyai]]'' {{small|[[Colin R. Tilbury|Tilbury]] & [[Krystal A. Tolley|Tolley]], 2015}}
| ||''[[Kinyongia excubitor]]'' {{small|([[Thomas Barbour|Barbour]], 1911)}} || Mt. Kenya hornless chameleon ||Kenya
|-
⚫
*''[[Kinyongia oxyrhina]]'' {{small|([[Charles J. Klaver|Klaver]] & [[:de:Wolfgang Böhme (Zoologe)|W. Böhme]], 1988)}} – sharp-nosed chameleon
*''[[Rugege highlands forest chameleon|Kinyongia rugegensis]]'' {{small|Hughes et al., 2017}} – Rugege highlands forest chameleon
| ||''[[Kinyongia fischeri]]'' {{small|([[Anton Reichenow|Reichenow]], 1887)}} || Fischer's chameleon, Nguru blade-horned chameleon, Nguru two-horned chameleon ||Tanzania.
|-
⚫
*''[[Kinyongia tavetana]]'' {{small|([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1891)}} – dwarf Fischer's chameleon, dwarf two-horned chameleon
*''[[Kinyongia tenuis]]'' {{small|([[Paul Matschie|Matschie]], 1892)}} – Usambara soft-horned chameleon
| ||''[[Kinyongia gyrolepis]]'' ({{small|[[species:Eli Greenbaum|Greenbaum]] et al., 2012}}) || Lendu chameleon || Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
*''[[Kinyongia tolleyae]]'' {{small|Hughes et al., 2017}} – Tolley’s forest chameleon
*''[[Kinyongia uluguruensis]]'' {{small|([[Arthur Loveridge|Loveridge]], 1957)}} – Uluguru two-horned chameleon
| ||''[[Kinyongia itombwensis]]'' {{small|[[species:Daniel F. Hughes|Hughes]] et al., 2017}} || Itombwe forest chameleon || Democratic Republic of the Congo
|-
*''[[Kinyongia uthmoelleri]]'' {{small|([[Lorenz Müller|L. Müller]], 1938)}} – Hanang hornless chameleon
*''[[Kinyongia vanheygeni]]'' {{small|Necas, 2009}} – Van Heygen's chameleon
|[[File:Kinyongia magomberae June07.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Kinyongia magomberae]]'' {{small|[[species:Michele Menegon|Menegon]] et al., 2009}} || Magombera chameleon ||Tanzania
|-
⚫
*''[[Kinyongia vosseleri]]'' {{small|(Nieden, 1913)}} – East Usambara two-horned chameleon
*''[[Kinyongia xenorhina]]'' {{small|([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1901)}} – strange-nosed chameleon
|[[File:Kinyongia matschiei 101437557.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Kinyongia matschiei]]'' {{small|([[Franz Werner|F. Werner]], 1895)}} || giant monkey-tailed East Usambara two-horned chameleon ||Tanzania.
|-
|[[File:Kinyongia msuyae 104917266.jpg|120px]]||''[[Kinyongia msuyae]]'' {{small|Menegon et al., 2015}} || ||Tanzania.
|-
⚫
|[[File:Kinyongia multituberculata 103864031 (cropped).jpg|120px]]||''[[Kinyongia multituberculata]]'' {{small|([[Fritz Nieden|Nieden]], 1913)}} || West Usambara two-horned chameleon ||Tanzania
|-
| ||''[[Kinyongia mulyai]]'' {{small|[[species:Colin R. Tilbury|Tilbury]] & [[species:Krystal A. Tolley|Tolley]], 2015}} || ||Democratic Republic of the Congo.
|-
⚫
|[[File:Kinyongia oxyrhina 104839712.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Kinyongia oxyrhina]]'' {{small|([[species:Charles J.J. Klaver|Klaver]] & [[:de:Wolfgang Böhme (Zoologe)|W. Böhme]], 1988)}} || sharp-nosed chameleon ||Tanzania.
|-
⚫
|||''[[Rugege highlands forest chameleon|Kinyongia rugegensis]]'' {{small|Hughes et al., 2017}} || Rugege highlands forest chameleon || Burundi
|-
⚫
|[[File:Kinyongia tavetana 79923733.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Kinyongia tavetana]]'' {{small|([[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1891)}} || Kilimanjaro blade-horned chameleon, Kilimanjaro two-horned chameleon ||southern Kenya and northern Tanzania.
|-
|[[File:Kinyongia tenuis 101437897.jpg|120px]]||''[[Kinyongia tenuis]]'' {{small|([[Paul Matschie|Matschie]], 1892)}} || Usambara soft-horned chameleon ||Kenya and Tanzania
|-
⚫
|||''[[Kinyongia tolleyae]]'' {{small|Hughes et al., 2017}} || Tolley's forest chameleon ||Uganda.
|-
|[[File:Kinyongia uluguruensis 185054910.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Kinyongia uluguruensis]]'' {{small|([[Arthur Loveridge|Loveridge]], 1957)}} || Uluguru two-horned chameleon ||Tanzania
|-
⚫
| ||''[[Kinyongia uthmoelleri]]'' {{small|([[Lorenz Müller|L. Müller]], 1938)}} || Hanang hornless chameleon ||Tanzania.
|-
|[[File:Kinyongia vanheygeni big.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Kinyongia vanheygeni]]'' {{small|Nečas, 2009}} || Van Heygen's chameleon ||Tanzania.
|-
⚫
|[[File:Kinyongia vosseleri 101436875.jpg|120px]]||''[[Kinyongia vosseleri]]'' {{small|(Nieden, 1913)}} || East Usambara two-horned chameleon ||Tanzania.
|-
|[[File:Kinyongia xenorhina, male.png|120px]]||''[[Kinyongia xenorhina]]'' {{small|([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1901)}} || strange-nosed chameleon || western Uganda and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.
|-
|}


''[[Nota bene]]'': A [[Binomial nomenclature|binomial authority]] in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Kinyongia''.
''[[Nota bene]]'': A [[Binomial nomenclature|binomial authority]] in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Kinyongia''.
Line 42: Line 73:


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*{{aut|Necas P, Sindaco R, Korený L, Kopečná J, Malonza PK, Modrý D}} (2009). "''Kinyongia asheorum sp. n.'', a new montane chameleon from the Nyiro Range, northern Kenya (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae)". ''Zootaxa'' '''2028''': 41-50.
*{{aut|[[species:Petr Nečas|Nečas P]], [[species:Roberto Sindaco|Sindaco R]], [[species:Luděk Kořený|Kořený L]], [[species:Jana Kopečná|Kopečná J]], [[species:Patrick Kenyatta Malonza|Malonza PK]], [[species:David Modrý|Modrý D]]}} (2009). "''Kinyongia asheorum sp. n.'', a new montane chameleon from the Nyiro Range, northern Kenya (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae)". ''Zootaxa'' '''2028''': 41–50.

*{{aut|Tilbury CR, Tolley KA, [[:fr:William Roy Branch|Branch WR]]}} (2006). "A review of the genus ''Bradypodion'' (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae), with the descriptions of two new genera". ''Zootaxa'' '''1363''': 23-38. (''Kinyongia'', new genus).


{{Taxonbar|from=Q1757135}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1757135}}


[[Category:Kinyongia]]
[[Category:Kinyongia| ]]
[[Category:Lizard genera]]
[[Category:Lizard genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Colin R. Tilbury]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Krystal A. Tolley]]
[[Category:Taxa named by William Roy Branch]]
[[Category:Taxa named by William Roy Branch]]

{{chameleon-stub}}

Latest revision as of 00:52, 31 January 2024

Kinyongia
Kinyongia matschiei
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Iguania
Family: Chamaeleonidae
Genus: Kinyongia
Tilbury, Tolley & Branch, 2006

Kinyongia (derived from the group's name in Kiswahili language) is a genus of chameleons found in montane and sub-montane areas in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and far eastern DR Congo. They are restricted to forests, woodlands and other wooded habitats, and many species have very small geographic ranges. In most species, at least the males have horns or knobs on their noses.[1][2] As typical of most chameleons, Kinyongia are oviparous.[3]

They were initially placed in the genus Chamaeleo and by some authorities subsequently transferred into Bradypodion, but in 2006 they were moved to their own genus, Kinyongia.[1][4][5][6]

Species[edit]

The following 23 species are recognized as being valid.[7]

Image Scientific name Common name Distribution
Kinyongia adolfifriderici (Sternfeld, 1912) Ituri chameleon Burundi, northern and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda.
Kinyongia asheorum (Nečas et al., 2009) Mount Nyiro bearded chameleon Kenya
Kinyongia boehmei (Lutzmann & Nečas, 2002) Taita blade-horned chameleon, Böhme's two-horned chameleon Kenya
Kinyongia carpenteri (Parker, 1929) Carpenter's chameleon Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Kinyongia excubitor (Barbour, 1911) Mt. Kenya hornless chameleon Kenya
Kinyongia fischeri (Reichenow, 1887) Fischer's chameleon, Nguru blade-horned chameleon, Nguru two-horned chameleon Tanzania.
Kinyongia gyrolepis (Greenbaum et al., 2012) Lendu chameleon Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kinyongia itombwensis Hughes et al., 2017 Itombwe forest chameleon Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kinyongia magomberae Menegon et al., 2009 Magombera chameleon Tanzania
Kinyongia matschiei (F. Werner, 1895) giant monkey-tailed East Usambara two-horned chameleon Tanzania.
Kinyongia msuyae Menegon et al., 2015 Tanzania.
Kinyongia multituberculata (Nieden, 1913) West Usambara two-horned chameleon Tanzania
Kinyongia mulyai Tilbury & Tolley, 2015 Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Kinyongia oxyrhina (Klaver & W. Böhme, 1988) sharp-nosed chameleon Tanzania.
Kinyongia rugegensis Hughes et al., 2017 Rugege highlands forest chameleon Burundi
Kinyongia tavetana (Steindachner, 1891) Kilimanjaro blade-horned chameleon, Kilimanjaro two-horned chameleon southern Kenya and northern Tanzania.
Kinyongia tenuis (Matschie, 1892) Usambara soft-horned chameleon Kenya and Tanzania
Kinyongia tolleyae Hughes et al., 2017 Tolley's forest chameleon Uganda.
Kinyongia uluguruensis (Loveridge, 1957) Uluguru two-horned chameleon Tanzania
Kinyongia uthmoelleri (L. Müller, 1938) Hanang hornless chameleon Tanzania.
Kinyongia vanheygeni Nečas, 2009 Van Heygen's chameleon Tanzania.
Kinyongia vosseleri (Nieden, 1913) East Usambara two-horned chameleon Tanzania.
Kinyongia xenorhina (Boulenger, 1901) strange-nosed chameleon western Uganda and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Kinyongia.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Tilbury CR, Tolley KA, Branch WR (2006). "A review of the genus Bradypodion (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae), with the descriptions of two new genera". Zootaxa 1363: 23–38.
  2. ^ Lutzmann, Nicolà (2008). "Some important changes in the systematics of Bradypodion Fitzinger, 1843". Chameleons! Online E-Zine, February 2008. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  3. ^ Hughes, D.F.; Blackburn, D.G. (2020). "Evolutionary origins of viviparity in Chamaeleonidae". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 58 (1): 284–302. doi:10.1111/jzs.12328.
  4. ^ Klaver CJ, Böhme W (1986). "Phylogeny and classification of the Chamaeleonidae (Sauria) with special reference to hemipenis morphology". Bonner Zoologische Monographien 22: 1–64.
  5. ^ Tolley, Krystal A.; Tilbury, Colin R.; Branch, William R. (2004). "Phylogenetics of the southern African dwarf chameleons, Bradypodion (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 354–365. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00211-2 PDF fulltext Archived 2007-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Tolley, Krystal A.; Tilbury, Colin R.; Branch, William R. (2007). "Corrections to species names recently placed in Kinyongia and Nadzikambia (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae)". Zootaxa 1426: 68.
  7. ^ Genus Kinyongia at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.

Further reading[edit]


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