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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
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|Ship namesake=
|Ship namesake=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=W. F. Stone, [[Oakland, California]]
|Ship builder=[[Stone Boat Yard|W. F. Stone]], [[Oakland, California]]
|Ship laid down=
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched=1914
|Ship launched=1914
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|Ship honors=
|Ship honors=
|Ship fate=Sold, 21 October 1926
|Ship fate=Sold, 21 October 1926
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
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|Ship country=United States
|Ship country=United States
|Ship flag= {{USN flag|1942}}
|Ship flag= {{USN flag|1942}}
|Ship name=USS ''Lanikai''
|Ship name=''Lanikai''
|Ship acquired=by charter, 5 December 1941
|Ship acquired=by charter, 5 December 1941
|Ship commissioned=5 December 1941
|Ship commissioned=5 December 1941
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*[[File:Bronze-service-star-3d.png|18px]] 1 [[Battle Stars]] (World War II)
*[[File:Bronze-service-star-3d.png|18px]] 1 [[Battle Stars]] (World War II)
|Ship fate=Transferred to [[Royal Australian Navy]], 22 August 1942
|Ship fate=Transferred to [[Royal Australian Navy]], 22 August 1942
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
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|Ship fate=*Returned to owner at Manila, 1946
|Ship fate=*Returned to owner at Manila, 1946
*Sank during a typhoon at Subic Bay, 1947
*Sank during a typhoon at Subic Bay, 1947
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
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}}
}}
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'''USS ''Lanikai''''', was a [[schooner]]-rigged diesel powered yacht commissioned into the [[United States Navy]] during both [[World War I]] and [[World War II]], before being transferred to the [[Royal Australian Navy]].
'''''Lanikai''''', was a wooden hulled [[schooner]]-rigged diesel powered yacht in service with the [[United States Navy]] during both [[World War I]] and [[World War II]], before being transferred to the [[Royal Australian Navy]].


The ship was built as MY ''Hermes'' by W. F. Stone of [[Oakland, California]], in 1914, for the Williams-Diamond Company, agents for the trading company ''Jaluit-Gesellschaft'' of [[Hamburg]], Germany.<ref name="NavSource">{{cite web |url=http://www.navsource.org/archives/12/130096.htm |title=Patrol Yacht HMAS Lanikai, ex-USS Lanikai, ex-USS Hermes |publisher=NavSource Naval History |accessdate=2009-10-16 }}</ref>
The ship was built as MY ''Hermes'' by [[Stone Boat Yard|W. F. Stone]] of [[Oakland, California]], in 1914, for the Williams-Diamond Company, agents for the trading company ''Jaluit-Gesellschaft'' of [[Hamburg]], Germany.<ref name="NavSource">{{cite web |url=http://www.navsource.org/archives/12/130096.htm |title=Patrol Yacht HMAS Lanikai, ex-USS Lanikai, ex-USS Hermes |publisher=NavSource Naval History |access-date=2009-10-16 |archive-date=13 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100713083730/http://www.navsource.org/archives/12/130096.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Service history==
==Service history==


===World War I, 1917&ndash;1919===
===World War I, 1917&ndash;1919===
The German vessel was in port at [[Honolulu]] when the United States entered World War I in April 1917. Taken over by the Navy by Executive Order, she was commissioned at Honolulu as '''USS ''Hermes''''' on 1 April 1918, Lt. John T. Diggs in command.<ref name="Hermes">{{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/h5/hermes.htm |title=Hermes |publisher=[[Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships]] |accessdate=2009-10-16 }}</ref>
The German vessel was in port at [[Honolulu]] when the United States entered World War I in April 1917. Taken over by the Navy by Executive Order, she was commissioned at Honolulu as '''USS ''Hermes''''' on 1 April 1918.<ref name="Hermes">{{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/h5/hermes.htm |title=Hermes |publisher=[[Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships]] |access-date=2009-10-16 |archive-date=14 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714122323/http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/h5/hermes.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>


Originally intended as a submarine patrol vessel, ''Hermes'' performed this duty out of Honolulu during the summer of 1918. On 31 August she sailed on a cruise among the [[Northwestern Hawaiian Islands|islands northwest of Hawaii]], including [[Laysan]] and [[Wake Island|Wake]], to search for survivors of shipwrecks, signs of enemy activity, and to conduct a survey on wildlife and particularly birds for the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service|Biological Survey Commission]], Washington. After returning to Pearl Harbor on 2 October, she continued as a patrol craft.<ref name="Hermes"/>
Originally intended as a submarine patrol vessel, ''Hermes'' performed this duty out of Honolulu during the summer of 1918. On 31 August she sailed on a cruise among the [[Northwestern Hawaiian Islands|islands northwest of Hawaii]], including [[Laysan]] and [[Wake Island|Wake]], to search for survivors of shipwrecks, signs of enemy activity, and to conduct a survey on wildlife and particularly birds for the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service|Biological Survey Commission]], Washington. After returning to Pearl Harbor on 2 October, she continued as a patrol craft.<ref name="Hermes"/>
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====Operations in the Philippines, 1941&ndash;1942====
====Operations in the Philippines, 1941&ndash;1942====
''Lanikai'' was taken into the United States Navy at [[Cavite Navy Yard]], Philippine Islands, under charter from Luzon Stevedoring Co., on 5 December 1941, and commissioned the same day with Lieutenant (later [[Rear Admiral (United States)|Rear Admiral]]) [[Kemp Tolley]] in command.<ref name="Lanikai">{{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/l3/lanikai.htm |title=Lanikai |publisher=[[Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships]] |accessdate=2009-10-16 }}</ref>
''Lanikai'' was acquired by the United States Navy at [[Cavite Navy Yard]], Philippine Islands, under charter from Luzon Stevedoring Co., on 5 December 1941, with Lieutenant (later [[Rear Admiral (United States)|Rear Admiral]]) [[Kemp Tolley]] in command. She was never officially commissioned in the U.S. Navy thus the prefix "USS" should not be used in references to her.<ref name="Lanikai">{{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/l3/lanikai.htm |title=Lanikai |publisher=[[Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships]] |access-date=2009-10-16 |archive-date=14 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714122327/http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/l3/lanikai.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>


Late in November 1941 it became apparent to the American Government that Japanese forces were tactically deposed for major operations in [[Southeast Asia]], but their precise target was unknown. A large convoy was steaming south from the [[Formosa Straits]], and it was hoped that learning the destination of these ships might reveal Japan's intentions.<ref name="Lanikai"/>
Late in November 1941 it became apparent to the American Government that Japanese forces were tactically deposed for major operations in [[Southeast Asia]], but their precise target was unknown. A large convoy was steaming south from the [[Formosa Straits]], and it was hoped that learning the destination of these ships might reveal Japan's intentions.<ref name="Lanikai"/>
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On 2 December, [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|President Roosevelt]] ordered, through [[Chief of Naval Operations]], Admiral [[Harold Rainsford Stark|Harold R. Stark]], that the Commander in Chief, [[Asiatic Fleet]], Admiral [[Thomas C. Hart]] "charter three small vessels to form a defensive information patrol... to observe and report by radio Japanese movements in the west [[South China Sea|China Sea]] and [[Gulf of Siam]]."<ref name="Lanikai"/>
On 2 December, [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|President Roosevelt]] ordered, through [[Chief of Naval Operations]], Admiral [[Harold Rainsford Stark|Harold R. Stark]], that the Commander in Chief, [[Asiatic Fleet]], Admiral [[Thomas C. Hart]] "charter three small vessels to form a defensive information patrol... to observe and report by radio Japanese movements in the west [[South China Sea|China Sea]] and [[Gulf of Siam]]."<ref name="Lanikai"/>


''Lanikai'' was one of the small ships chartered to learn of Japan's intentions. Fitted out at Cavite, with the greatest dispatch, the schooner lay at the entrance of [[Manila Bay]] in the early hours of 8 December (7 December east of the [[International Date Line]]) awaiting daylight to thread her way through the dangerous minefields which guarded the harbor. Tolley's orders read: "Patrol off the entrance of [[Cam Ranh Bay]] and report the direction taken by the Japanese Fleet when it emerges." However, at 0300 word of Japan's [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] arrived with orders to return to Manila.<ref name="Lanikai"/>
''Lanikai'' was one of a few small ships (along with ''[[Fisheries II]]'' and [[Maryann (yacht)|''Maryanne'']]), chartered to learn of Japan's intentions. Fitted out at Cavite, with the greatest dispatch, the schooner lay at the entrance of [[Manila Bay]] in the early hours of 8 December (7 December east of the [[International Date Line]]) awaiting daylight to thread her way through the dangerous minefields which guarded the harbor. Tolley's orders read: "Patrol off the entrance of [[Cam Ranh Bay]] and report the direction taken by the Japanese Fleet when it emerges." However, at 0300 word of Japan's [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] arrived with orders to return to Manila.<ref name="Lanikai"/>


In ensuing weeks, the schooner patrolled the approaches to Manila Bay and served as dispatch vessel within the harbor. On 10 December she survived the devastating Japanese air raid which destroyed Cavite Navy Yard. On Christmas Day, she assisted in the evacuation of Manila, carrying Army officers and equipment to [[Corregidor]].<ref name="Lanikai"/>
In ensuing weeks, the schooner patrolled the approaches to Manila Bay and served as dispatch vessel within the harbor. On 10 December she survived the devastating Japanese air raid which destroyed Cavite Navy Yard. On Christmas Day, she assisted in the evacuation of Manila, carrying Army officers and equipment to [[Corregidor]].<ref name="Lanikai"/>


====Escape to Australia, 1941&ndash;1942====
====Escape to Australia, 1941&ndash;1942====
As a result of plans and actions of Lt. Comdr. [[Charles L. Adair|Charles Adair]], flag lieutenant to Admiral Hart, approval was obtained for ''Lanikai'' to attempt to escape to the [[Netherlands East Indies]]. On the evening of 26 December, carrying as passengers one Dutch and three American officers, ''Lanikai'', with her Filipino crew,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.americanheritage.com/content/strange-mission-lanikai |title=THE STRANGE MISSION OF THE Lanikai |author=[[Kemp Tolley]] |date=October 1973 |work=[[American Heritage Magazine]] |publisher=[[American Heritage Publishing]] |accessdate=23 November 2009}}</ref> got underway from [[Mariveles, Bataan#Geography|Mariveles Bay]], Luzon, "destination unknown". Heading generally south, hiding in friendly coves during daylight, and traveling principally at night, the schooner sailed from island to island as Japanese forces spread across the East Indies with explosive speed. Storms covered her as she crossed the three large stretches of open water which lay between Luzon and Australia, and offered no coves for daylight concealment. When, as happened all too often, enemy aircraft approached the lightly armed schooner, they were preoccupied for the most part, with bigger game; but, at [[Surabaya]], Java, on 3 February 1942, three Japanese bombs straddled the schooner so close aboard that ''Lanikai'' crewmen put off in a skiff to pick up a large quantity of stunned fish.<ref name="Lanikai"/>
As a result of plans and actions of Lt. Comdr. [[Charles L. Adair|Charles Adair]], flag lieutenant to Admiral Hart, approval was obtained for ''Lanikai'' to attempt to escape to the [[Netherlands East Indies]]. On the evening of 26 December, carrying as passengers one Dutch and three American officers, ''Lanikai'', with her Filipino crew,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.americanheritage.com/content/strange-mission-lanikai |title=THE STRANGE MISSION OF THE Lanikai |author=Kemp Tolley |author-link=Kemp Tolley |date=October 1973 |work=[[American Heritage Magazine]] |publisher=[[American Heritage Publishing]] |access-date=23 November 2009 |archive-date=14 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614104907/http://www.americanheritage.com/content/strange-mission-lanikai |url-status=live }}</ref> got underway from [[Mariveles, Bataan#Geography|Mariveles Bay]], Luzon, "destination unknown". Heading generally south, hiding in friendly coves during daylight, and traveling principally at night, the schooner sailed from island to island as Japanese forces spread across the East Indies with explosive speed. Storms covered her as she crossed the three large stretches of open water which lay between Luzon and Australia, and offered no coves for daylight concealment. When, as happened all too often, enemy aircraft approached the lightly armed schooner, they were preoccupied for the most part, with bigger game; but, at [[Surabaya]], Java, on 3 February 1942, three Japanese bombs straddled the schooner so close aboard that ''Lanikai'' crewmen put off in a skiff to pick up a large quantity of stunned fish.<ref name="Lanikai"/>


In late February, under full sail despite heavy seas, ''Lanikai'' headed due south from [[Tjilatjap]], Java. This course was taken to avoid enemy forces which might be searching the direct route from Java to [[Darwin, Australia]]. On 1 March, while about 200 miles east of [[Christmas Island]], a large Japanese task force was sighted on the port bow. Evasive action by ''Lanikai'' was successful. On 18 March, 82 days after departing Mariveles, the schooner arrived at [[Fremantle, Western Australia]].<ref name="Lanikai"/>
In late February, under full sail despite heavy seas, ''Lanikai'' headed due south from [[Tjilatjap]], Java. This course was taken to avoid enemy forces which might be searching the direct route from Java to [[Darwin, Northern Territory]]. On 1 March, while about 200 miles east of [[Christmas Island]], a large Japanese task force was sighted on the port bow. Evasive action by ''Lanikai'' was successful. On 18 March, 82 days after departing Mariveles, the schooner arrived at [[Fremantle, Western Australia]].<ref name="Lanikai"/>


====Service in Australia, 1942&ndash;1945====
====Service in Australia, 1942&ndash;1945====
After replenishment and repairs, she got underway, on 4 April, to cruise along the northwest Australian coast and search for possible Japanese coast watchers. Lt. Comdr. Adair relieved Lt Comdr. Tolley of command of the vessel on 27 April and continued the search into mid-May. ''Lanikai'' was decommissioned at Fremantle on 22 August, and was transferred to the [[Royal Australian Navy]] in which she served on harbor defense throughout the war.<ref name="Lanikai"/>
After replenishment and repairs, she got underway, on 4 April, to cruise along the northwest Australian coast and search for possible Japanese coast watchers. Lt. Comdr. Adair relieved Lt Comdr. Tolley of command of the vessel on 27 April and continued the search into mid-May. ''Lanikai'' was decommissioned at Fremantle on 22 August 1942 and was transferred to the [[Royal Australian Navy]] in which she served on harbor defense throughout the war.<ref name="Lanikai"/>


===Fate, 1945&ndash;1947===
===Fate, 1945&ndash;1947===
At the end of the war, ''Lanikai'' was sent back to the Philippines, and returned to her previous owner at Manila in 1946, but the owner refused to accept her in such poor condition. While undergoing repair at [[Subic Bay]], the US naval base north of Manila, ''Lanikai'' sank during a typhoon in 1947.<ref name="NavSource"/> In 2003 the wreck of the vessel was found in Subic Bay just off Nabasan Wharf<ref>{{cite news |title=Wreckage of 'Suicide' US warship found in Subic |author=Tonette Orejas |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6bhjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eyUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1976,6042521&dq=lanikai+subic+bay+2003&hl=en |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |date=14 November 2003 |accessdate=10 April 2011}}</ref> and artifacts later salvaged.<ref>{{cite news |title=Old ship stirs World War II mystery |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2004/04/27/2003138341 |newspaper=[[Taipei Times]] |date=27 April 2004 |accessdate=10 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pacificwrecks.com/ships/usn/lanikai.html |title=
At the end of the war, ''Lanikai'' was sent back to the Philippines, and returned to her previous owner at Manila in 1946, but the owner refused to accept her in such poor condition. While undergoing repair at [[Subic Bay]], the US naval base north of Manila, ''Lanikai'' sank during a typhoon in 1947.<ref name="NavSource"/> In 2003 the wreck of the vessel was found in Subic Bay just off Nabasan Wharf<ref>{{cite news |title=Wreckage of 'Suicide' US warship found in Subic |author=Tonette Orejas |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6bhjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eyUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1976,6042521&dq=lanikai+subic+bay+2003&hl=en |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |date=14 November 2003 |access-date=10 April 2011 |archive-date=26 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226234859/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6bhjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eyUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1976,6042521&dq=lanikai+subic+bay+2003&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> and artifacts later salvaged.<ref>{{cite news |title=Old ship stirs World War II mystery |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2004/04/27/2003138341 |newspaper=[[Taipei Times]] |date=27 April 2004 |access-date=10 April 2011 |archive-date=9 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009113315/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2004/04/27/2003138341 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pacificwrecks.com/ships/usn/lanikai.html |title=USS Lanikai (USS Hermes) |date=5 January 2011 |publisher=Pacific Wrecks |access-date=10 April 2011 |archive-date=4 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104212918/http://pacificwrecks.com/ships/usn/lanikai.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
USS Lanikai (USS Hermes) |date=5 January 2011 |work= |publisher=Pacific Wrecks |accessdate=10 April 2011}}</ref>


==Awards==
==Awards==
*[[World War I Victory Medal (United States)|World War I Victory Medal]]
*[[World War I Victory Medal (United States)|World War I Victory Medal]]
*[[American Defense Service Medal]] with "FLEET" clasp
*[[American Defense Service Medal]] with "FLEET" clasp
*[[Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal]] with one [[battle star]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/Awards/Awards-IV-16.html |title=Part IV. CAMPAIGN AND SERVICE MEDALS |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1953 |website=Hyperwar |publisher=ibiblio.org |access-date=3 July 2015}}</ref>
*[[Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal]] with one [[battle star]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/Awards/Awards-IV-16.html |title=Part IV. CAMPAIGN AND SERVICE MEDALS |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1953 |website=Hyperwar |publisher=ibiblio.org |access-date=3 July 2015 |archive-date=11 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811081559/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/Awards/Awards-IV-16.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[World War II Victory Medal (United States)|World War II Victory Medal]]
*[[World War II Victory Medal (United States)|World War II Victory Medal]]
*[[Philippine Presidential Unit Citation]]
*[[Philippine Defense Medal]] (Philippines)
*[[Philippine Defense Medal]] (Philippines)
*[[1939-45 Star]] (United Kingdom)
*[[1939–45 Star]] (United Kingdom)
*[[Pacific Star]] (United Kingdom)
*[[Pacific Star]] (United Kingdom)
*[[War Medal 1939–1945]] (United Kingdom)
*[[War Medal 1939–1945]] (United Kingdom)

==See also==
*[[Fisheries II]]
*[[Maryann (yacht)]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* {{DANFS}}
* {{DANFS}}
* {{navsource|12/130096|USS Hermes/Lanikai}}
* {{navsource|12/130096|USS Hermes/Lanikai}}
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|last = Tolley
|last = Tolley
|first = Kemp
|first = Kemp
|authorlink = Kemp Tolley
|author-link = Kemp Tolley
|title = Cruise of the Lanikai: Incitement to War
|title = Cruise of the Lanikai: Incitement to War
|publisher = [[U.S. Naval Institute Press]]
|publisher = [[U.S. Naval Institute Press]]
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|isbn = 1-55750-406-7
|isbn = 1-55750-406-7
|location=Annapolis, Maryland
|location=Annapolis, Maryland
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OamLr-D0T34C&dq=USS+Lanikai+filipino&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OamLr-D0T34C&q=USS+Lanikai+filipino}}


* [http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/04/16/the-little-navy-ship-that-sailed-3-000-miles-to-escape-the-japanese.html ''The Little Navy Ship That Sailed 3,000 Miles to Escape the Japanese''], by Stephen Harding, 04.16.16 12:01 AM ET
* [http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/04/16/the-little-navy-ship-that-sailed-3-000-miles-to-escape-the-japanese.html ''The Little Navy Ship That Sailed 3,000 Miles to Escape the Japanese''], by Stephen Harding, 04.16.16 12:01 AM ET
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[[Category:1914 ships]]
[[Category:1914 ships]]
[[Category:Military history of the Philippines during World War II]]
[[Category:Military history of the Philippines during World War II]]
[[Category:United States Navy Hawaii-related ships]]

Latest revision as of 23:49, 26 February 2024

History
United States
NameUSS Hermes
BuilderW. F. Stone, Oakland, California
Launched1914
Acquiredby seizure, April 1917
Commissioned1 April 1918
Decommissioned16 January 1919
Stricken1 July 1926
FateSold, 21 October 1926
United States
NameLanikai
Acquiredby charter, 5 December 1941
Commissioned5 December 1941
Honours and
awards		 1 Battle Stars (World War II)
FateTransferred to Royal Australian Navy, 22 August 1942
Royal Australian Navy EnsignAustralia
NameHMAS Lanikai
Acquired22 August 1942
Commissioned9 December 1942
Decommissioned22 August 1945
Fate
  • Returned to owner at Manila, 1946
  • Sank during a typhoon at Subic Bay, 1947
General characteristics as Hermes
TypeMotor yacht
Displacement340 long tons (345 t)
Length89 ft 4 in (27.23 m)
Beam25 ft 4 in (7.72 m)
Draft7 ft 6 in (2.29 m)
Complement26
ArmamentUnknown
General characteristics as Lanikai
Displacement150 long tons (152 t)
Length87 ft 3 in (26.59 m)
Beam9 ft (2.7 m)
PropulsionSails and diesel engine, 1 shaft
Speed7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph)
Complement19
Armament

Lanikai, was a wooden hulled schooner-rigged diesel powered yacht in service with the United States Navy during both World War I and World War II, before being transferred to the Royal Australian Navy.

The ship was built as MY Hermes by W. F. Stone of Oakland, California, in 1914, for the Williams-Diamond Company, agents for the trading company Jaluit-Gesellschaft of Hamburg, Germany.[1]

Service history[edit]

World War I, 1917–1919[edit]

The German vessel was in port at Honolulu when the United States entered World War I in April 1917. Taken over by the Navy by Executive Order, she was commissioned at Honolulu as USS Hermes on 1 April 1918.[2]

Originally intended as a submarine patrol vessel, Hermes performed this duty out of Honolulu during the summer of 1918. On 31 August she sailed on a cruise among the islands northwest of Hawaii, including Laysan and Wake, to search for survivors of shipwrecks, signs of enemy activity, and to conduct a survey on wildlife and particularly birds for the Biological Survey Commission, Washington. After returning to Pearl Harbor on 2 October, she continued as a patrol craft.[2]

Inter-war activities, 1919–1941[edit]

Hermes was ordered decommissioned on 16 January 1919 and placed at the disposal of the Hawaiian territorial government for use as a tender to leper colonies. When the territorial government decided they could not afford her upkeep, Hermes was turned over to the Pacific Air Detachment, whom she served as a store ship and general auxiliary craft.[2]

Hermes was sold on 21 October 1926 to the Lanikai Fish Company and renamed Lanikai, and sold again in 1929 to the Hawaiian Sea Products Company. Laid up in 1931, the yacht was sold in 1933 to Northrup Castle of Honolulu, and sold in 1936 to Harry W. Crosby of Seattle, Washington. In 1937 she was sold to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios for use in making the film The Hurricane, starring Jon Hall and Dorothy Lamour. Following completion of the film she was used as the MGM yacht until sold on 6 April 1939 to E. M. Grimm of the Luzon Stevedoring Company of Manila, Philippines.[1]

World War II[edit]

Operations in the Philippines, 1941–1942[edit]

Lanikai was acquired by the United States Navy at Cavite Navy Yard, Philippine Islands, under charter from Luzon Stevedoring Co., on 5 December 1941, with Lieutenant (later Rear Admiral) Kemp Tolley in command. She was never officially commissioned in the U.S. Navy thus the prefix "USS" should not be used in references to her.[3]

Late in November 1941 it became apparent to the American Government that Japanese forces were tactically deposed for major operations in Southeast Asia, but their precise target was unknown. A large convoy was steaming south from the Formosa Straits, and it was hoped that learning the destination of these ships might reveal Japan's intentions.[3]

On 2 December, President Roosevelt ordered, through Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Harold R. Stark, that the Commander in Chief, Asiatic Fleet, Admiral Thomas C. Hart "charter three small vessels to form a defensive information patrol... to observe and report by radio Japanese movements in the west China Sea and Gulf of Siam."[3]

Lanikai was one of a few small ships (along with Fisheries II and Maryanne), chartered to learn of Japan's intentions. Fitted out at Cavite, with the greatest dispatch, the schooner lay at the entrance of Manila Bay in the early hours of 8 December (7 December east of the International Date Line) awaiting daylight to thread her way through the dangerous minefields which guarded the harbor. Tolley's orders read: "Patrol off the entrance of Cam Ranh Bay and report the direction taken by the Japanese Fleet when it emerges." However, at 0300 word of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor arrived with orders to return to Manila.[3]

In ensuing weeks, the schooner patrolled the approaches to Manila Bay and served as dispatch vessel within the harbor. On 10 December she survived the devastating Japanese air raid which destroyed Cavite Navy Yard. On Christmas Day, she assisted in the evacuation of Manila, carrying Army officers and equipment to Corregidor.[3]

Escape to Australia, 1941–1942[edit]

As a result of plans and actions of Lt. Comdr. Charles Adair, flag lieutenant to Admiral Hart, approval was obtained for Lanikai to attempt to escape to the Netherlands East Indies. On the evening of 26 December, carrying as passengers one Dutch and three American officers, Lanikai, with her Filipino crew,[4] got underway from Mariveles Bay, Luzon, "destination unknown". Heading generally south, hiding in friendly coves during daylight, and traveling principally at night, the schooner sailed from island to island as Japanese forces spread across the East Indies with explosive speed. Storms covered her as she crossed the three large stretches of open water which lay between Luzon and Australia, and offered no coves for daylight concealment. When, as happened all too often, enemy aircraft approached the lightly armed schooner, they were preoccupied for the most part, with bigger game; but, at Surabaya, Java, on 3 February 1942, three Japanese bombs straddled the schooner so close aboard that Lanikai crewmen put off in a skiff to pick up a large quantity of stunned fish.[3]

In late February, under full sail despite heavy seas, Lanikai headed due south from Tjilatjap, Java. This course was taken to avoid enemy forces which might be searching the direct route from Java to Darwin, Northern Territory. On 1 March, while about 200 miles east of Christmas Island, a large Japanese task force was sighted on the port bow. Evasive action by Lanikai was successful. On 18 March, 82 days after departing Mariveles, the schooner arrived at Fremantle, Western Australia.[3]

Service in Australia, 1942–1945[edit]

After replenishment and repairs, she got underway, on 4 April, to cruise along the northwest Australian coast and search for possible Japanese coast watchers. Lt. Comdr. Adair relieved Lt Comdr. Tolley of command of the vessel on 27 April and continued the search into mid-May. Lanikai was decommissioned at Fremantle on 22 August 1942 and was transferred to the Royal Australian Navy in which she served on harbor defense throughout the war.[3]

Fate, 1945–1947[edit]

At the end of the war, Lanikai was sent back to the Philippines, and returned to her previous owner at Manila in 1946, but the owner refused to accept her in such poor condition. While undergoing repair at Subic Bay, the US naval base north of Manila, Lanikai sank during a typhoon in 1947.[1] In 2003 the wreck of the vessel was found in Subic Bay just off Nabasan Wharf[5] and artifacts later salvaged.[6][7]

Awards[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "Patrol Yacht HMAS Lanikai, ex-USS Lanikai, ex-USS Hermes". NavSource Naval History. Archived from the original on 13 July 2010. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
  2. ^ a b c "Hermes". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Archived from the original on 14 July 2010. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Lanikai". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Archived from the original on 14 July 2010. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
  4. ^ Kemp Tolley (October 1973). "THE STRANGE MISSION OF THE Lanikai". American Heritage Magazine. American Heritage Publishing. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
  5. ^ Tonette Orejas (14 November 2003). "Wreckage of 'Suicide' US warship found in Subic". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
  6. ^ "Old ship stirs World War II mystery". Taipei Times. 27 April 2004. Archived from the original on 9 October 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
  7. ^ "USS Lanikai (USS Hermes)". Pacific Wrecks. 5 January 2011. Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
  8. ^ "Part IV. CAMPAIGN AND SERVICE MEDALS". Hyperwar. ibiblio.org. 1953. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 3 July 2015.

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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