Lef Nosi: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Citation bot (talk | contribs)
Bots
4,925,975 edits
Added publisher. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Whoop whoop pull up | #UCB_webform 1673/3485
 
(21 intermediate revisions by 9 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Albanian politician and scholar}}
{{Short description|Albanian politician and scholar}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Lef Nosi
| name = Lef Nosi
| honorific_suffix =
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Lef Nosi (side portrait).jpg
| image = Lef Nosi (side portrait).jpg
| image_size =
| image_size =
| caption =
| caption =
| order =
| order =
| office = Minister of Post-Telegraphs
| office = Minister of Post-Telegraphs
| term_start = 4 December 1912
| term_start = 4 December 1912
| term_end = 21 February 1914
| term_end = 21 February 1914
| president =
| president =
| primeminister =
| primeminister =
| constituency =
| constituency =
| majority =
| majority =
| predecessor =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| successor =
| office2 = Minister of Economy and Social Relations
| office2 = Minister of Economy and Social Relations
| term_start2 = 1918
| term_start2 = 1918
| term_end2 = 1919
| term_end2 = 1919
| president2 =
| president2 =
| primeminister2 =
| primeminister2 =
| predecessor2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| successor2 =
| constituency2 =
| constituency2 =
| majority2 =
| majority2 =
| office3 = Member of the High Regency Council of the [[Albanian Kingdom (1943–44)]]
| office3 = Member of the High Regency Council of the [[Albanian Kingdom (1943–44)]]
|term_start3 = 16 October 1943
| term_start3 = 16 October 1943
|term_end3 = 28 November 1944
| term_end3 = 28 November 1944
| president3 =
| president3 =
| primeminister3 =
| primeminister3 =
| predecessor3 =
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| successor3 =
| constituency3 =
| constituency3 =
| majority3 =
| majority3 =
| pronunciation =
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = Elefter Nosi
| birth_name = Elefter Nosi
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1877|4|9|df=yes}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1877|4|9|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Elbasan]], [[Manastir Eyalet]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
| birth_place = [[Elbasan]], [[Manastir Eyalet]], [[Ottoman Empire]] (modern day [[Albania]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1946|2|20|1877|4|9|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1946|2|20|1877|4|9|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Tirana]], [[People's Republic of Albania]]
| death_place = [[Tirana]], [[People's Republic of Albania]]
| death_cause = [[Execution by firing squad]]
| death_cause = [[Execution by firing squad]]
| nationality = [[Albanians|Albanian]]
| nationality = [[Albanians|Albanian]]
| party = [[Balli Kombëtar]]
| party = [[Balli Kombëtar]]
| otherparty = <!--For additional political affiliations-->
| otherparty = <!--For additional political affiliations-->
| spouse =
| spouse =
| relations = Polikseni Nosi (sister), Vasil Nosi (nephew), [[Sokrat Dodbiba]], (nephew), Jani Dodbiba (nephew)
| relations =
| children =
| children =
| parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters -->
| parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters -->
| mother = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) -->
| mother = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) -->
| father = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) -->
| father = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) -->
| relatives =
| relatives =
| education =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| alma_mater =
| known_for =
| known_for =
| awards = <!-- For civilian awards - appears as "Awards" if |mawards= is not set -->
| awards = <!-- For civilian awards - appears as "Awards" if |mawards= is not set -->
| signature = Lef Nosi (nënshkrim).svg
| signature = Lef Nosi (nënshkrim).svg
| signature_size =
| signature_size =
}}
}}


'''Lef Nosi''' (born '''Elefter Nosi'''; 9 April 1877{{snds}}20 February 1946) was an [[Albanians|Albanian]] publisher, archivist, philologist, folklorist, ethnographer, numismatist, archaeologist and politician. On November 1912 was as one of the signatories of the [[Albanian Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]], as a delegate of Elbasan. During the [[Second World War]], Nosi was a leading member of [[Balli Kombëtar]] and was chosen as a member of the Albanian High Council.
'''Lef Nosi''' (born '''Elefter Nosi'''; 9 April 1877{{snds}}20 February 1946) was an [[Albanians|Albanian]] publisher, archivist, philologist, folklorist, ethnographer, numismatist, archaeologist and politician. On 28 November 1912, he was as one of the signatories of the [[Albanian Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]], representing Elbasan. During the [[Second World War]], Nosi was a leading member of [[Balli Kombëtar]] and was chosen as a member of the Albanian High Council.


==Biography==
==Biography==


===Early life===
===Early life===
Lef Nosi was born on 9 April 1877 of a wealthy family in Elbasan. He supported the Congress of Elbasan in August 1909 and was director of the respected Normal School (''Shkolla Normale'') in his native town. On 25 March 1910, he began editing the weekly newspaper Tomorri (''Tomorr''). Nosi was also a committee member of the Albanian club in Elbasan.<ref name="Skendi380">{{harvnb|Skendi|1967|p=380.}}</ref> During the [[Albanian revolt of 1912]] Nosi was one of two delegates representing Elbasan sent to Kosovo that partook in negotiations between Albanian rebels and the Ottoman state regarding Albanian sociopolitical and cultural interests.<ref name="Skendi434">{{cite book|last=Skendi|first=Stavro|title=The Albanian national awakening|year=1967|location=Princeton|publisher=Princeton University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QPWCgAAQBAJ&q=Lef+Nosi&pg=PR15|isbn=9781400847761|pages=434}}</ref>
Lef Nosi was born on 9 April 1877 of a wealthy Orthodox Christian, [[Albanians|Albanian]] family in [[Elbasan]], back then the [[Manastir vilayet|Manastir Vilayet]], [[Ottoman Empire]], today modern [[Albania]]. He supported the Congress of Elbasan in August 1909 and was director of the respected Normal School (''Shkolla Normale'') in his native town. On 25 March 1910, he began editing the weekly newspaper Tomorri (''Tomorr''). Nosi was also a committee member of the Albanian club in Elbasan.<ref name="Skendi380">{{harvnb|Skendi|1967|p=380.}}</ref> During the [[Albanian revolt of 1912]] Nosi was one of two delegates representing Elbasan sent to [[Kosovo]] that partook in negotiations between Albanian rebels and the Ottoman state regarding Albanian sociopolitical and cultural interests.<ref name="Skendi434">{{cite book|last=Skendi|first=Stavro|title=The Albanian national awakening|year=1967|location=Princeton|publisher=Princeton University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QPWCgAAQBAJ&q=Lef+Nosi&pg=PR15|isbn=9781400847761|pages=434}}</ref>


===Early political period===
===Early political period===
Lef Nosi was present at the [[Albanian Declaration of Independence|declaration of independence]] in [[Vlorë|Vlora]] in 1912 and was one of the signatories.<ref name="Robert Elsie">{{cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of Albania|author=Robert Elsie|date=19 March 2010|isbn=9780810873803|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=haFlGXIg8uoC&q=Lef+Nosi&pg=PA334
Lef Nosi was present at the [[Albanian Declaration of Independence|declaration of independence]] in [[Vlorë|Vlora]] in 1912 and was one of the signatories.<ref name="Robert Elsie">{{cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of Albania|author=Robert Elsie|date=19 March 2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9780810873803|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=haFlGXIg8uoC&q=Lef+Nosi&pg=PA334
|access-date=7 April 2012}}</ref> After the establishment of an [[Independent Albania|independent]] Albania, Nosi was made postmaster general. Nosi took part in the [[Congress of Durrës]] in 1918, was briefly minister of national economy, and attended the [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris Peace Conference]] in 1919 as part of the Albanian delegation led by Msgr. Luigj Bumci.
|access-date=7 April 2012}}</ref> After the establishment of an [[Independent Albania|independent]] Albania, Nosi was made postmaster general. Nosi took part in the [[Congress of Durrës]] in 1918, was briefly minister of national economy, and attended the [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris Peace Conference]] in 1919 as part of the Albanian delegation led by Msgr. Luigj Bumci.


Line 74: Line 74:
Lef Nosi retired from politics and lived in Elbasan between 1929 and 1938, where he divided his time between business and historical research. Lef Nosi was a scholar and collector of manuscripts and early 20th-century documents.<ref name="Robert Elsie"/> He had a passionate interest in archeology and ethnography. [[Edith Durham]] called him the only Albanian who understood the value of [[folklore]].<ref name="Robert Elsie"/> He is remembered in particular as editor, from 1924 on, of a collection of historical documents under the title ''Dokumenta historike per t'i sherbye histories tone kombetare''(Historical Documents to Serve Our National History). Nosi was a close friend of Scottish anthropologist [[Margaret Hasluck]], who lived in Albania for 13 years, principally in Elbasan.<ref name="Robert Elsie"/>
Lef Nosi retired from politics and lived in Elbasan between 1929 and 1938, where he divided his time between business and historical research. Lef Nosi was a scholar and collector of manuscripts and early 20th-century documents.<ref name="Robert Elsie"/> He had a passionate interest in archeology and ethnography. [[Edith Durham]] called him the only Albanian who understood the value of [[folklore]].<ref name="Robert Elsie"/> He is remembered in particular as editor, from 1924 on, of a collection of historical documents under the title ''Dokumenta historike per t'i sherbye histories tone kombetare''(Historical Documents to Serve Our National History). Nosi was a close friend of Scottish anthropologist [[Margaret Hasluck]], who lived in Albania for 13 years, principally in Elbasan.<ref name="Robert Elsie"/>


Despite being born as an orthodox Christian of the [[Patriarchate of Constantinople]], Nosi had longed to form an autocephalous orthodox church of Albania. Lef Nosi was [[Fan S. Noli|Noli]]'s old friend who had helped Noli when he became a priest.<ref name="Ines Angjeli Murzaku">{{cite book|title=Returning Home to Rome: The Basilian Monks of Grottaferrata in Albania|author= Ines Angjeli Murzaku|year= 2009|isbn= 9788889345047|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=y2EPFRL-XJQC&q=Lef+Nosi+Albanian+Orthodox&pg=PA127|access-date=7 April 2012}}</ref> Lef Nosi helped Noli form the [[Albanian Orthodox church]] within Albania and had wished that Fan Noli was bishop and head of the church.<ref name="Ines Angjeli Murzaku"/>
Despite being born as an orthodox Christian of the [[Patriarchate of Constantinople]], Nosi had longed to form an autocephalous orthodox church of Albania. Lef Nosi was [[Fan S. Noli|Noli]]'s old friend who had helped Noli when he became a priest.<ref name="Ines Angjeli Murzaku">{{cite book|title=Returning Home to Rome: The Basilian Monks of Grottaferrata in Albania|author= Ines Angjeli Murzaku|year= 2009|publisher= Analekta Kryptoferris|isbn= 9788889345047|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=y2EPFRL-XJQC&q=Lef+Nosi+Albanian+Orthodox&pg=PA127|access-date=7 April 2012}}</ref> Lef Nosi helped Noli form the [[Albanian Orthodox Church]] within Albania and had wished that Fan Noli was bishop and head of the church.<ref name="Ines Angjeli Murzaku"/>


===World War II===
===World War II===
In June 1943, Lef Nosi joined the Balli Kombëtar and became a leading figure of the collaboration with [[Fascist]] and [[Nazis]]. In October 1943, during the German occupation, he was chosen as president of the national assembly and was elected to the High Regency Council(Keshilli i Larte i Regjences).<ref name="Robert Elsie"/> The assembly under Nosi passed a series of decrees that fundamentally altered Albanian's Italian-established constitution. The union with [[Italy]] was officially dissolved; many of the laws passed after the Italian invasion were revoked; and Albania was declared free, neutral and independent.<ref>{{cite book|title=Albania at War, 1939-1945|author= Bernd Jürgen Fischer|year= 1999|isbn= 9781850655312|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=P-MiG9ngCp8C&q=Lef+Nosi&pg=PA171
In June 1943, Lef Nosi joined the [[Balli Kombëtar]] and became a leading figure of the [[Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy|collaboration]] with [[Fascist]] and [[Nazis]]. In October 1943, during the German occupation, he was chosen as president of the national assembly and was elected to the High Regency Council(Keshilli i Larte i Regjences).<ref name="Robert Elsie"/> The assembly under Nosi passed a series of decrees that fundamentally altered Albanian's Italian-established constitution. The union with [[Italy]] was officially dissolved; many of the laws passed after the Italian invasion were revoked; and Albania was declared free, neutral and independent.<ref>{{cite book|title=Albania at War, 1939-1945|author= Bernd Jürgen Fischer|year= 1999|publisher= Hurst|isbn= 9781850655312|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=P-MiG9ngCp8C&q=Lef+Nosi&pg=PA171
|access-date=7 April 2012}}</ref>
|access-date=7 April 2012}}</ref>


He resigned from the position in October 1944 when German troops were evacuating Albania and it became evident that the communist partisans would soon take control.
He resigned from the position in October 1944 when German troops were evacuating Albania and it became evident that the [[National Liberation Movement (Albania)|communist partisans]] would soon take control.


===Arrest and death===
===Arrest and death===
Lef Nosi was arrested while endeavouring to flee from Tirana where he had been hiding for some time. He had previously been pursued for three days in Elbasan, but he escaped, assisted by his wealthy nephew Vasil Nosi. Vasil then fell into the hands of [[Koci Xoxe]], who tortured him by boiling his feet until he betrayed his uncle's hiding-place.<ref>{{cite book|title=Albania in the Twentieth Century, A History: Volume II: Albania in Occupation and War|author=Owen Pearson|date=27 January 2006|isbn=9781845111045|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=P3knunC7z_oC&q=Lef+Nosi+&pg=PA462
Lef Nosi was arrested while endeavouring to flee from [[Tirana]] where he had been hiding for some time. He had previously been pursued for three days in Elbasan, but he escaped, assisted by his wealthy nephew Vasil Nosi. Vasil then fell into the hands of [[Koci Xoxe]], who tortured him by boiling his feet until he betrayed his uncle's hiding-place.<ref>{{cite book|title=Albania in the Twentieth Century, A History: Volume II: Albania in Occupation and War|author=Owen Pearson|date=27 January 2006|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=9781845111045|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=P3knunC7z_oC&q=Lef+Nosi+&pg=PA462
|access-date=7 April 2012}}</ref>
|access-date=7 April 2012}}</ref>


Lef Nosi was brought to trial in February 1946, led by general judge [[Irakli Bozo]]<ref name="observatori">{{cite web|url=http://www.observatorikujteses.al/persekutimi-dhe-ekzekutimi-i-lef-nosit-nga-diktatura-komuniste-nga-edmond-malaj/|title=Persekutimi dhe ekzekutimi i Lef Nosit nga diktatura komuniste|work=Observatori|date=24 January 2017|access-date=19 May 2018|language=Albanian|trans-title=The persecution and execution of Lef Noso by communist dictatorship}}</ref> and prosecuted by [[Misto Treska]].<ref name="observatori"/><ref name="Pearson2007"/> Along with [[Anton Harapi]] and former prime minister [[Maliq Bushati|Maliq bey Bushati]] Nosi was condemned to death by [[communist Albania]].<ref name="Pearson2007">{{cite book|author=Owen Pearson|title=Albania in the Twentieth Century, A History: Volume III: Albania as Dictatorship and Democracy, 1945-99|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D4wx7kQp4bgC&pg=PA13|access-date=26 December 2012|date=15 April 2007|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-84511-105-2|page=13}}</ref> According to the British Military Mission, which covered the trial: ''The trial took place, in eight sessions, in a squalid cinema in Tirana before a house packed by Party members who constantly interrupted and jeered, while three military judges on the stage kept hurling accusations and abuse at the defendants, jointly and severally. All three were held responsible for, among other things, Albania's entire war losses.... Defendant's counsel was howled down as a 'fascist' and never succeeded in making himself heard... The three accused were shot two days afterwards, on 15 February.''<ref name="Robert Elsie"/>
Lef Nosi was brought to trial in February 1946, led by general judge [[Irakli Bozo]]<ref name="observatori">{{cite web|url=http://www.observatorikujteses.al/persekutimi-dhe-ekzekutimi-i-lef-nosit-nga-diktatura-komuniste-nga-edmond-malaj/|title=Persekutimi dhe ekzekutimi i Lef Nosit nga diktatura komuniste|work=Observatori|date=24 January 2017|access-date=19 May 2018|language=Albanian|trans-title=The persecution and execution of Lef Noso by communist dictatorship}}</ref> and prosecuted by [[Misto Treska]].<ref name="observatori"/><ref name="Pearson2007"/> Along with [[Anton Harapi]] and former prime minister [[Maliq Bushati|Maliq bey Bushati]], Nosi was condemned to death by [[communist Albania]].<ref name="Pearson2007">{{cite book|author=Owen Pearson|title=Albania in the Twentieth Century, A History: Volume III: Albania as Dictatorship and Democracy, 1945-99|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D4wx7kQp4bgC&pg=PA13|access-date=26 December 2012|date=15 April 2007|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-84511-105-2|page=13}}</ref> According to the British Military Mission, which covered the trial: ''The trial took place, in eight sessions, in a squalid cinema in Tirana before a house packed by Party members who constantly interrupted and jeered, while three military judges on the stage kept hurling accusations and abuse at the defendants, jointly and severally. All three were held responsible for, among other things, Albania's entire war losses.... Defendant's counsel was howled down as a 'fascist' and never succeeded in making himself heard... The three accused were shot two days afterwards, on 15 February.''<ref name="Robert Elsie"/>


==References==
==References==
Line 108: Line 108:
[[Category:Albanian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Albanian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Albanian anti-communists]]
[[Category:Albanian anti-communists]]
[[Category:Albanian collaborators with Fascist Italy]]
[[Category:Executed Albanian collaborators with Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:People executed by Albania by firing squad]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Albania]]
[[Category:Economy ministers of Albania]]
[[Category:Economy ministers of Albania]]
[[Category:All-Albanian Congress delegates]]
[[Category:All-Albanian Congress delegates]]
[[Category:Congress of Elbasan delegates]]
[[Category:Government of Durrës]]
[[Category:Government of Durrës]]
[[Category:Congress of Durrës delegates]]
[[Category:Congress of Durrës delegates]]
Line 115: Line 120:
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Albania]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Albania]]
[[Category:Activists of the Albanian National Awakening]]
[[Category:Activists of the Albanian National Awakening]]
[[Category:Educators from the Ottoman Empire]]

Latest revision as of 03:29, 18 March 2024

Lef Nosi
Minister of Post-Telegraphs
In office
4 December 1912 – 21 February 1914
Minister of Economy and Social Relations
In office
1918–1919
Member of the High Regency Council of the Albanian Kingdom (1943–44)
In office
16 October 1943 – 28 November 1944
Personal details
Born
Elefter Nosi

(1877-04-09)9 April 1877
Elbasan, Manastir Eyalet, Ottoman Empire (modern day Albania)
Died20 February 1946(1946-02-20) (aged 68)
Tirana, People's Republic of Albania
Cause of deathExecution by firing squad
Political partyBalli Kombëtar
RelationsPolikseni Nosi (sister), Vasil Nosi (nephew), Sokrat Dodbiba, (nephew), Jani Dodbiba (nephew)
Signature

Lef Nosi (born Elefter Nosi; 9 April 1877 – 20 February 1946) was an Albanian publisher, archivist, philologist, folklorist, ethnographer, numismatist, archaeologist and politician. On 28 November 1912, he was as one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence, representing Elbasan. During the Second World War, Nosi was a leading member of Balli Kombëtar and was chosen as a member of the Albanian High Council.

Biography[edit]

Early life[edit]

Lef Nosi was born on 9 April 1877 of a wealthy Orthodox Christian, Albanian family in Elbasan, back then the Manastir Vilayet, Ottoman Empire, today modern Albania. He supported the Congress of Elbasan in August 1909 and was director of the respected Normal School (Shkolla Normale) in his native town. On 25 March 1910, he began editing the weekly newspaper Tomorri (Tomorr). Nosi was also a committee member of the Albanian club in Elbasan.[1] During the Albanian revolt of 1912 Nosi was one of two delegates representing Elbasan sent to Kosovo that partook in negotiations between Albanian rebels and the Ottoman state regarding Albanian sociopolitical and cultural interests.[2]

Early political period[edit]

Lef Nosi was present at the declaration of independence in Vlora in 1912 and was one of the signatories.[3] After the establishment of an independent Albania, Nosi was made postmaster general. Nosi took part in the Congress of Durrës in 1918, was briefly minister of national economy, and attended the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 as part of the Albanian delegation led by Msgr. Luigj Bumci.

Retirement from politics[edit]

Lef Nosi retired from politics and lived in Elbasan between 1929 and 1938, where he divided his time between business and historical research. Lef Nosi was a scholar and collector of manuscripts and early 20th-century documents.[3] He had a passionate interest in archeology and ethnography. Edith Durham called him the only Albanian who understood the value of folklore.[3] He is remembered in particular as editor, from 1924 on, of a collection of historical documents under the title Dokumenta historike per t'i sherbye histories tone kombetare(Historical Documents to Serve Our National History). Nosi was a close friend of Scottish anthropologist Margaret Hasluck, who lived in Albania for 13 years, principally in Elbasan.[3]

Despite being born as an orthodox Christian of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, Nosi had longed to form an autocephalous orthodox church of Albania. Lef Nosi was Noli's old friend who had helped Noli when he became a priest.[4] Lef Nosi helped Noli form the Albanian Orthodox Church within Albania and had wished that Fan Noli was bishop and head of the church.[4]

World War II[edit]

In June 1943, Lef Nosi joined the Balli Kombëtar and became a leading figure of the collaboration with Fascist and Nazis. In October 1943, during the German occupation, he was chosen as president of the national assembly and was elected to the High Regency Council(Keshilli i Larte i Regjences).[3] The assembly under Nosi passed a series of decrees that fundamentally altered Albanian's Italian-established constitution. The union with Italy was officially dissolved; many of the laws passed after the Italian invasion were revoked; and Albania was declared free, neutral and independent.[5]

He resigned from the position in October 1944 when German troops were evacuating Albania and it became evident that the communist partisans would soon take control.

Arrest and death[edit]

Lef Nosi was arrested while endeavouring to flee from Tirana where he had been hiding for some time. He had previously been pursued for three days in Elbasan, but he escaped, assisted by his wealthy nephew Vasil Nosi. Vasil then fell into the hands of Koci Xoxe, who tortured him by boiling his feet until he betrayed his uncle's hiding-place.[6]

Lef Nosi was brought to trial in February 1946, led by general judge Irakli Bozo[7] and prosecuted by Misto Treska.[7][8] Along with Anton Harapi and former prime minister Maliq bey Bushati, Nosi was condemned to death by communist Albania.[8] According to the British Military Mission, which covered the trial: The trial took place, in eight sessions, in a squalid cinema in Tirana before a house packed by Party members who constantly interrupted and jeered, while three military judges on the stage kept hurling accusations and abuse at the defendants, jointly and severally. All three were held responsible for, among other things, Albania's entire war losses.... Defendant's counsel was howled down as a 'fascist' and never succeeded in making himself heard... The three accused were shot two days afterwards, on 15 February.[3]

References[edit]

  • "History of Albanian People" Albanian Academy of Science.ISBN 99927-1-623-1
  1. ^ Skendi 1967, p. 380.
  2. ^ Skendi, Stavro (1967). The Albanian national awakening. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 434. ISBN 9781400847761.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Robert Elsie (19 March 2010). Historical Dictionary of Albania. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810873803. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  4. ^ a b Ines Angjeli Murzaku (2009). Returning Home to Rome: The Basilian Monks of Grottaferrata in Albania. Analekta Kryptoferris. ISBN 9788889345047. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  5. ^ Bernd Jürgen Fischer (1999). Albania at War, 1939-1945. Hurst. ISBN 9781850655312. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  6. ^ Owen Pearson (27 January 2006). Albania in the Twentieth Century, A History: Volume II: Albania in Occupation and War. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9781845111045. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  7. ^ a b "Persekutimi dhe ekzekutimi i Lef Nosit nga diktatura komuniste" [The persecution and execution of Lef Noso by communist dictatorship]. Observatori (in Albanian). 24 January 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
  8. ^ a b Owen Pearson (15 April 2007). Albania in the Twentieth Century, A History: Volume III: Albania as Dictatorship and Democracy, 1945-99. I.B.Tauris. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-84511-105-2. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lef_Nosi&oldid=1214300698"