Pipturus albidus: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Species of plant}}
{{Short description|Species of plant}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
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'''''Pipturus albidus''''', known as '''''māmaki''''' (sometimes '''''waimea''''', for its resemblance to [[Perrottetia|olomea]]<ref name="DICT">{{cite web
'''''Pipturus albidus''''', known as '''''māmaki''''' (sometimes '''''waimea''''', for its resemblance to [[Perrottetia|olomea]]<ref name="DICT">{{cite web
|url = http://wehewehe.olelo.hawaii.edu/cgi-bin/hdict?e=q-0hdict--00-0-0--010---4----den--0-000lpm--1haw-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-waimea--00031-0000escapewin-00&d=&l=en
|url = http://wehewehe.olelo.hawaii.edu/cgi-bin/hdict?e=q-0hdict--00-0-0--010---4----den--0-000lpm--1haw-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-waimea--00031-0000escapewin-00&d=&l=en
|archive-url = https://archive.is/20121214175313/http://wehewehe.olelo.hawaii.edu/cgi-bin/hdict?e=q-0hdict--00-0-0--010---4----den--0-000lpm--1haw-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-waimea--00031-0000escapewin-00&d=&l=en
|archive-url = https://archive.today/20121214175313/http://wehewehe.olelo.hawaii.edu/cgi-bin/hdict?e=q-0hdict--00-0-0--010---4----den--0-000lpm--1haw-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-waimea--00031-0000escapewin-00&d=&l=en
|url-status = dead
|url-status = dead
|archive-date = 2012-12-14
|archive-date = 2012-12-14
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|publisher = [[University of Hawaii Press]]
|publisher = [[University of Hawaii Press]]
|year = 2003
|year = 2003
|accessdate = 2011-10-12
|access-date = 2011-10-12
}}</ref>) in [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] and known as '''Waimea pipturus''' in English,<ref>{{PLANTS|id=PIAL2|taxon=Pipturus albidus|accessdate=6 October 2015}}</ref> is a species of [[flowering plant]] in the nettle family, [[Urticaceae]], that is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]]. It inhabits [[Hawaiian tropical rainforests#Coastal mesic forests|coastal mesic]], [[Hawaiian tropical rainforests#Mixed mesic forests|mixed mesic]], and [[Hawaiian tropical rainforests#Wet forests|wet forests]] at elevations of {{convert|60|–|1830|m|ft|abbr=on}}. ''Māmaki'' is a small [[tree]] that reaches a height of {{convert|9|m|ft|abbr=on}} and a trunk diameter of {{convert|0.3|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="CFTH">
}}</ref>) in [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] and known as '''Waimea pipturus''' in English,<ref>{{PLANTS|id=PIAL2|taxon=Pipturus albidus|accessdate=6 October 2015}}</ref> is a species of [[flowering plant]] in the nettle family, [[Urticaceae]], that is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]]. It inhabits [[Hawaiian tropical rainforests#Coastal mesic forests|coastal mesic]], [[Hawaiian tropical rainforests#Mixed mesic forests|mixed mesic]], and [[Hawaiian tropical rainforests#Wet forests|wet forests]] at elevations of {{convert|60|–|1830|m|ft|abbr=on}}. ''Māmaki'' is a small [[tree]] that reaches a height of {{convert|9|m|ft|abbr=on}} and a trunk diameter of {{convert|0.3|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="CFTH">
{{cite web |url=http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Pipturus_albidus.pdf |title=Mamaki |first=Elbert L. |last=Little Jr. |author2=Roger G. Skolmen |work=Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced) |publisher=[[United States Forest Service]] |year=1989 |accessdate=2009-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918064939/http://www2.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Pipturus_albidus.pdf |archive-date=2009-09-18 |url-status=dead }}
{{cite web |url=http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Pipturus_albidus.pdf |title=Mamaki |first=Elbert L. |last=Little Jr. |author2=Roger G. Skolmen |work=Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced) |publisher=[[United States Forest Service]] |year=1989 |access-date=2009-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918064939/http://www2.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Pipturus_albidus.pdf |archive-date=2009-09-18 |url-status=dead }}
</ref>
</ref>


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===Medicinal===
===Medicinal===
[[Native Hawaiians]] made a treatment for illnesses known as ''{{okina}}ea'' and ''pā{{okina}}ao{{okina}}ao''<!---The exact meaning of these words is unknown. 'Ea may mean "infection", while pa'ao'ao could mean "childhood disease causing weakness." ---> from the [[fruit]].<ref name="Bishop">
[[Native Hawaiians]] made a treatment for illnesses known as ''{{okina}}ea'' and ''pā{{okina}}ao{{okina}}ao''<!---The exact meaning of these words is unknown. 'Ea may mean "infection", while pa'ao'ao could mean "childhood disease causing weakness." ---> from the [[fruit]].<ref name="Bishop">
{{cite web |url=http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/resultsdetailed.asp?search=mamaki |title=mamaki, mamake, waimea (P. albidus on Kauai & P. ruber) |work=Hawaiian Ethnobotany Database |publisher=[[Bernice P. Bishop Museum]] |accessdate=2009-11-16 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> They also combined fresh ''māmaki'' [[Leaf|leaves]] with hot stones and spring water to produce [[herbal tea]] that was an effective treatment for general [[Debility (medical)|debility]]. Today, packages of dried ''māmaki'' leaves are commercially produced.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ku9pNKSsPTkC |title=Plants in Hawaiian Medicine |first=Beatrice H. |last=Krauss |author2=Martha Noyes |publisher=Bess Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-57306-128-5 |pages=85–88}}</ref>
{{cite web |url=http://data.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/ethnobotany.php?b=d&ID=mamaki |title=mamaki, mamake, waimea (P. albidus on Kauai & P. ruber) |work=Hawaiian Ethnobotany Database |publisher=[[Bernice P. Bishop Museum]] |access-date=2024-04-17 }}</ref> They also combined fresh ''māmaki'' [[Leaf|leaves]] with hot stones and spring water to produce [[herbal tea]] that was an effective treatment for general [[Debility (medical)|debility]]. Today, packages of dried ''māmaki'' leaves are commercially produced.<ref>{{cite book |last=Krauss |first=Beatrice H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ku9pNKSsPTkC |title=Plants in Hawaiian Medicine |author2=Martha Noyes |publisher=Bess Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-57306-128-5 |pages=85–88 |author-link=Beatrice Krauss}}</ref>


===Non-medicinal===
===Non-medicinal===
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Pipturus albidus}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Pipturus albidus}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www2.hawaii.edu/~eherring/hawnprop/pip-albi.htm |title=Pipturus albidus |work=Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database |publisher=[[University of Hawaii at Manoa|University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa]] |accessdate=}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www2.hawaii.edu/~eherring/hawnprop/pip-albi.htm |title=Pipturus albidus |work=Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database |publisher=[[University of Hawaii at Manoa|University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa]] |access-date=}}

⚫
{{Taxonbar |from=Q16988147}}
{{Authority control}}


⚫
{{taxonbar |from=Q16988147}}
[[Category:Pipturus|albidus]]
[[Category:Pipturus|albidus]]
[[Category:Trees of Hawaii]]
[[Category:Trees of Hawaii]]
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[[Category:Hawaiian cuisine]]
[[Category:Hawaiian cuisine]]
[[Category:Herbal tea]]
[[Category:Herbal tea]]
[[Category:Flora without expected TNC conservation status]]




{{urticaceae-stub}}
{{urticaceae-stub}}
{{tree-stub}}
{{rosid-tree-stub}}

Latest revision as of 18:17, 17 April 2024

Māmaki
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Urticaceae
Genus: Pipturus
Species:
P. albidus
Binomial name
Pipturus albidus

Pipturus albidus, known as māmaki (sometimes waimea, for its resemblance to olomea[1]) in Hawaiian and known as Waimea pipturus in English,[2] is a species of flowering plant in the nettle family, Urticaceae, that is endemic to Hawaiʻi. It inhabits coastal mesic, mixed mesic, and wet forests at elevations of 60–1,830 m (200–6,000 ft). Māmaki is a small tree that reaches a height of 9 m (30 ft) and a trunk diameter of 0.3 m (0.98 ft).[3]

Uses[edit]

Medicinal[edit]

Native Hawaiians made a treatment for illnesses known as ʻea and pāʻaoʻao from the fruit.[4] They also combined fresh māmaki leaves with hot stones and spring water to produce herbal tea that was an effective treatment for general debility. Today, packages of dried māmaki leaves are commercially produced.[5]

Non-medicinal[edit]

The bast fibres were used by Native Hawaiians to make kapa (bark cloth) and kaula (rope).[4]

Ecology[edit]

P. albidus is the preferred host plant for the caterpillars of the Kamehameha butterfly (Vanessa tameamea).[3] Māmaki sometimes host the caterpillars of the green Hawaiian blue (Udara blackburni).[6]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Hawaiian-English Dictionary". University of Hawaii Press. 2003. Archived from the original on 2012-12-14. Retrieved 2011-10-12.
  2. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Pipturus albidus". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  3. ^ a b Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989). "Mamaki" (PDF). Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced). United States Forest Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-09-18. Retrieved 2009-11-29.
  4. ^ a b "mamaki, mamake, waimea (P. albidus on Kauai & P. ruber)". Hawaiian Ethnobotany Database. Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Retrieved 2024-04-17.
  5. ^ Krauss, Beatrice H.; Martha Noyes (2001). Plants in Hawaiian Medicine. Bess Press. pp. 85–88. ISBN 978-1-57306-128-5.
  6. ^ Scott, James A. (1992). The Butterflies of North America: A Natural History and Field Guide. Stanford University Press. p. 399. ISBN 978-0-8047-2013-7.

External links[edit]


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