Cidaroida: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Order of sea urchins}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Cidaroida
|image =
| image = Cidaris cidaris MHNT.jpg
|image_caption =
| image_caption = ''[[Cidaris cidaris]]''
| fossil_range ={{Fossil range|Lower Permian|Recent}}
| fossil_range ={{Fossil range|Lower Permian|Recent}}
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| taxon = Cidaroida
⚫
| authority = Claus, 1880
| phylum = [[Echinodermata]]
| classis = [[Echinoidea]]
| subclassis = [[Perischoechinoidea]]
| ordo = '''Cidaroida'''
⚫
| ordo_authority = Claus, 1880
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision =
| subdivision = [[#Families|See text]]
[[Cidaridae]]<br/>
[[Psychocidaridae]]
}}
}}


'''Cidaroida''' is an [[order(biology)|order]] of primitive [[sea urchin]]s, the only living order of the subclass [[Perischoechinoidea]]. All other orders of this subclass, which were even more primitive than the living forms, became extinct during the [[Mesozoic]].
'''Cidaroida''',<ref name = WoRMS/> also known as pencil urchins,<ref>[https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/8651/Zigler_and_Lessios_in_Biol_Bull.pdf..pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 250 Million Years of Bindin Evolution]</ref> is an [[order (biology)|order]] of primitive [[sea urchin]]s, the only living order of the subclass [[Perischoechinoidea]]. All other orders of this subclass, which were even more primitive than the living forms, became extinct during the [[Mesozoic]].


==Description==
Their primary spines are much more widely separated than in other sea urchins, and they have no gills. Other primitive features include relatively simple plates in the [[Test (biology)|test]], and the [[ambulacral]] plates continuing as a series across the membrane that surrounds the mouth.
Their primary spines are much more widely separated than in other sea urchins, and they have no buccal slits. Other primitive features include relatively simple plates in the [[Test (biology)|test]], and the [[ambulacral]] plates continuing as a series across the membrane that surrounds the mouth.

==Families==
[[File:Cidaridae - radiola.JPG|thumb|upright=1|Many different fossil cidaroid radiola (spines) at the [[MNHN]]]]
According to [[World Register of Marine Species]]:<ref name = WoRMS>{{cite WoRMS |author=Kroh, A. |author2=Hansson, H. |year=2013 |title=Cidaroida |id=123099 |access-date=2013-12-31}}</ref>
* family [[Anisocidaridae]]<small> Vadet, 1999</small> †
* superfamily [[Cidaroidea]]<small> Gray, 1825</small>
** family [[Cidaridae]]<small> Gray, 1825</small>
** family [[Ctenocidaridae]]<small> Mortensen, 1928a</small>
** family [[Paurocidaridae]]<small> Vadet, 1999a</small> †
* family [[Diplocidaridae]]<small> Gregory, 1900</small> †
* family [[Heterocidaridae]]<small> Mortensen, 1934</small> †
* superfamily [[Histocidaroidea]]<small> Lambert, 1900</small>
** family [[Histocidaridae]]<small> Lambert, 1900</small>
** family [[Psychocidaridae]]<small> Ikeda, 1936</small>
* family [[Miocidaridae]]<small> Durham & Melville, 1957</small> †
* family [[Polycidaridae]]<small> Vadet, 1988</small> †
* family [[Rhabdocidaridae]]<small> Lambert, 1900</small> †
* family [[Serpianotiaridae]]<small> Hagdorn, 1995</small> †
* family [[Triadocidaridae]]<small> Smith, 1994c</small> †

{{clear}}
<gallery style="text-align:center;" mode="packed">
Image:Stylocidaris affinis.jpg|''[[Stylocidaris affinis]]'' ([[Cidaridae]])
Image:Notocidaris.jpg|''[[Notocidaris]] sp.'' ([[Ctenocidaridae]])
Image:Histocidaris variabilis.jpg|''[[Histocidaris variabilis]]'' ([[Histocidaridae]])
Image:Tylocidaris ohshimai.JPG|''[[Tylocidaris ohshimai]]'' ([[Psychocidaridae]])
Image:Miocidaris coaeva MHNT.PAL.2006.94.jpg|''[[Miocidaris coaeva]]'' ([[Miocidaridae]], fossil)
Image:Paracidaris florigemma.JPG|''[[Paracidaris florigemma]]'' ([[Polycidaridae]], fossil)
</gallery>

<gallery style="text-align:center;" mode="packed">
Image:Cidaris blakei.jpg|''[[Cidaris blakei]]'', abyssal Caribbean species
Image:Eucidaris tribuloides (Slate-pencil Urchin).jpg|''[[Eucidaris tribuloides]]'', shallow Caribbean species
Image:Phyllacanthus.jpg|''[[Phyllacanthus imperialis]]'', shallow Indo-Pacific species
Image:Plococidaris verticillata.jpg|''[[Plococidaris verticillata]]'', rare shallow Indo-Pacific species
Image:Prionocidaris baculosa.jpg|''[[Prionocidaris baculosa]]'', from Philippines
Image:Reef0228.jpg|''[[Chondrocidaris gigantea]]'', from Hawaii
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{WRMS | 1130 | Cidaroida <small>Claus, 1880</small> }}
* {{cite book |author= Barnes, Robert D. |year=1982 |title= Invertebrate Zoology |publisher= Holt-Saunders International |location= Philadelphia, PA|page= 980|isbn= 0-03-056747-5}}
* {{cite book |author= Barnes, Robert D. |year=1982 |title= Invertebrate Zoology |publisher= Holt-Saunders International |location= Philadelphia, PA|page= 980|isbn= 0-03-056747-5}}
* {{cite web | last = National History Museum | first = | title = Cidaroida | url = http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/echinoid-directory/taxa/taxon.jsp?id=1857 | accessdate = 20th Dec 2009 }}
* {{cite web | last = National History Museum | first = | title = Cidaroida | url = http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/echinoid-directory/taxa/taxon.jsp?id=1857 | access-date = 20 Dec 2009 }}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q763989}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Echinoidea]]
[[Category:Cidaroida| ]]
[[Category:Cisuralian first appearances]]
[[Category:Extant Permian first appearances]]
[[Category:Echinoderm orders]]


⚫
{{echinoderm-stub}}


⚫
{{echinoidea-stub}}
[[fr:Cidaroida]]

Latest revision as of 04:17, 9 May 2024

Cidaroida
Temporal range: Lower Permian–Recent
Cidaris cidaris
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echinoidea
Subclass: Perischoechinoidea
Order: Cidaroida
Claus, 1880
Families

See text

Cidaroida,[1] also known as pencil urchins,[2] is an order of primitive sea urchins, the only living order of the subclass Perischoechinoidea. All other orders of this subclass, which were even more primitive than the living forms, became extinct during the Mesozoic.

Description[edit]

Their primary spines are much more widely separated than in other sea urchins, and they have no buccal slits. Other primitive features include relatively simple plates in the test, and the ambulacral plates continuing as a series across the membrane that surrounds the mouth.

Families[edit]

Many different fossil cidaroid radiola (spines) at the MNHN

According to World Register of Marine Species:[1]

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ a b Kroh, A.; Hansson, H. (2013). "Cidaroida". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
  2. ^ 250 Million Years of Bindin Evolution

Sources[edit]


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