Cidaroida: Difference between revisions

Cidaroida; Temporal range: Lower Permian–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Cidaris cidaris
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Echinodermata
Class:	Echinoidea
Subclass:	Perischoechinoidea
Order:	Cidaroida; Claus, 1880
Families
	See text

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Cidaroida,^[1] also known as pencil urchins,^[2] is an order of primitive sea urchins, the only living order of the subclass Perischoechinoidea. All other orders of this subclass, which were even more primitive than the living forms, became extinct during the Mesozoic.

Description[edit]

Their primary spines are much more widely separated than in other sea urchins, and they have no buccal slits. Other primitive features include relatively simple plates in the test, and the ambulacral plates continuing as a series across the membrane that surrounds the mouth.

Families[edit]

According to World Register of Marine Species:^[1]

family Anisocidaridae Vadet, 1999 †
superfamily Cidaroidea Gray, 1825
- family Cidaridae Gray, 1825
- family Ctenocidaridae Mortensen, 1928a
- family Paurocidaridae Vadet, 1999a †
family Diplocidaridae Gregory, 1900 †
family Heterocidaridae Mortensen, 1934 †
superfamily Histocidaroidea Lambert, 1900
- family Histocidaridae Lambert, 1900
- family Psychocidaridae Ikeda, 1936
family Miocidaridae Durham & Melville, 1957 †
family Polycidaridae Vadet, 1988 †
family Rhabdocidaridae Lambert, 1900 †
family Serpianotiaridae Hagdorn, 1995 †
family Triadocidaridae Smith, 1994c †

Stylocidaris affinis (Cidaridae)
Notocidaris sp. (Ctenocidaridae)
Histocidaris variabilis (Histocidaridae)
Tylocidaris ohshimai (Psychocidaridae)
Miocidaris coaeva (Miocidaridae, fossil)
Paracidaris florigemma (Polycidaridae, fossil)

Cidaris blakei, abyssal Caribbean species
Eucidaris tribuloides, shallow Caribbean species
Phyllacanthus imperialis, shallow Indo-Pacific species
Plococidaris verticillata, rare shallow Indo-Pacific species
Prionocidaris baculosa, from Philippines
Chondrocidaris gigantea, from Hawaii

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

^ ^a ^b Kroh, A.; Hansson, H. (2013). "Cidaroida". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
^ 250 Million Years of Bindin Evolution

Sources[edit]

World Register of Marine Species link: Cidaroida Claus, 1880 (+species list)
Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 980. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
National History Museum. "Cidaroida". Retrieved 20 Dec 2009.

This article about a sea urchin is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[WoRMS-1] Kroh, A.; Hansson, H. (2013). "Cidaroida". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2013-12-31.

[2] 250 Million Years of Bindin Evolution

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Order of sea urchins}}
-{{Taxobox
+{{Automatic taxobox
-| name = Cidaroida
-|image = Cidaris cidaris MHNT.jpg
+| image = Cidaris cidaris MHNT.jpg
-|image_caption = ''[[Cidaris cidaris]]''
+| image_caption = ''[[Cidaris cidaris]]''
 | fossil_range ={{Fossil range|Lower Permian|Recent}}
-| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
+| taxon = Cidaroida
+| authority = Claus, 1880
-| phylum = [[Echinodermata]]
-| classis = [[Echinoidea]]
-| subclassis = [[Perischoechinoidea]]
-| ordo = '''Cidaroida'''
-| ordo_authority = Claus, 1880
 | subdivision_ranks = Families
-| subdivision =
+| subdivision = [[#Families|See text]]
-[[Cidaridae]]<br/>
-[[Psychocidaridae]]
 }}
-'''Cidaroida''' is an [[order(biology)|order]] of primitive [[sea urchin]]s, the only living order of the subclass [[Perischoechinoidea]]. All other orders of this subclass, which were even more primitive than the living forms, became extinct during the [[Mesozoic]].
+'''Cidaroida''',<ref name = WoRMS/> also known as pencil urchins,<ref>[https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/8651/Zigler_and_Lessios_in_Biol_Bull.pdf..pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 250 Million Years of Bindin Evolution]</ref> is an [[order (biology)|order]] of primitive [[sea urchin]]s, the only living order of the subclass [[Perischoechinoidea]]. All other orders of this subclass, which were even more primitive than the living forms, became extinct during the [[Mesozoic]].
 ==Description==
-Their primary spines are much more widely separated than in other sea urchins, and they have no gills. Other primitive features include relatively simple plates in the [[Test (biology)|test]], and the [[ambulacral]] plates continuing as a series across the membrane that surrounds the mouth.
+Their primary spines are much more widely separated than in other sea urchins, and they have no buccal slits. Other primitive features include relatively simple plates in the [[Test (biology)|test]], and the [[ambulacral]] plates continuing as a series across the membrane that surrounds the mouth.
+==Families==
-==List of families==
-[[File:Cidaridae - radiola.JPG|thumb|upright=1|Many different fossil Cidaroid radiola ([[MNHN]]).]]
+[[File:Cidaridae - radiola.JPG|thumb|upright=1|Many different fossil cidaroid radiola (spines) at the [[MNHN]]]]
-According to [[World Register of Marine Species]]:<ref>{{cite WoRMS |author=Kroh, A.; Hansson, H. |year=2013 |title=Cidaroida |id=123099  |accessdate=2013-12-31}}</ref>
+According to [[World Register of Marine Species]]:<ref name = WoRMS>{{cite WoRMS |author=Kroh, A. |author2=Hansson, H. |year=2013 |title=Cidaroida |id=123099  |access-date=2013-12-31}}</ref>
-* family ''[[Anisocidaridae]]''<small> Vadet, 1999</small> †
+* family [[Anisocidaridae]]<small> Vadet, 1999</small> †
-* super-family ''[[Cidaridea]]''<small> Gray, 1825</small>
+* superfamily [[Cidaroidea]]<small> Gray, 1825</small>
-** family ''[[Cidaridae]]''<small> Gray, 1825</small>
+** family [[Cidaridae]]<small> Gray, 1825</small>
-** family ''[[Ctenocidaridae]]''<small> Mortensen, 1928a</small>
+** family [[Ctenocidaridae]]<small> Mortensen, 1928a</small>
-** family ''[[Paurocidaridae]]''<small> Vadet, 1999a</small> †
+** family [[Paurocidaridae]]<small> Vadet, 1999a</small> †
-* family ''[[Diplocidaridae]]''<small> Gregory, 1900</small> †
+* family [[Diplocidaridae]]<small> Gregory, 1900</small> †
-* family ''[[Heterocidaridae]]''<small> Mortensen, 1934</small> †
+* family [[Heterocidaridae]]<small> Mortensen, 1934</small> †
-* super-family ''[[Histocidaroidea]]''<small> Lambert, 1900</small>
+* superfamily [[Histocidaroidea]]<small> Lambert, 1900</small>
-** family ''[[Histocidaridae]]''<small> Lambert, 1900</small>
+** family [[Histocidaridae]]<small> Lambert, 1900</small>
-** family ''[[Psychocidaridae]]''<small> Ikeda, 1936</small>
+** family [[Psychocidaridae]]<small> Ikeda, 1936</small>
-* family ''[[Miocidaridae]]''<small> Durham & Melville, 1957</small> †
+* family [[Miocidaridae]]<small> Durham & Melville, 1957</small> †
-* family ''[[Polycidaridae]]''<small> Vadet, 1988</small> †
+* family [[Polycidaridae]]<small> Vadet, 1988</small> †
-* family ''[[Rhabdocidaridae]]''<small> Lambert, 1900</small> †
+* family [[Rhabdocidaridae]]<small> Lambert, 1900</small> †
-* family ''[[Serpianotiaridae]]''<small> Hagdorn, 1995</small> †
+* family [[Serpianotiaridae]]<small> Hagdorn, 1995</small> †
-* family ''[[Triadocidaridae]]''<small> Smith, 1994c</small> †
+* family [[Triadocidaridae]]<small> Smith, 1994c</small> †
-{{clr}}
+{{clear}}
 <gallery style="text-align:center;" mode="packed">
-Image:Eucidaris tribuloides (Slate-pencil Urchin).jpg|''[[Eucidaris tribuloides]]''.
+Image:Stylocidaris affinis.jpg|''[[Stylocidaris affinis]]'' ([[Cidaridae]])
-Image:Phyllacanthus.jpg|''[[Phyllacanthus imperialis]]''.
+Image:Notocidaris.jpg|''[[Notocidaris]] sp.'' ([[Ctenocidaridae]])
-Image:Reef0228.jpg|''[[Prionocidaris hawaiiensis]]''.
+Image:Histocidaris variabilis.jpg|''[[Histocidaris variabilis]]'' ([[Histocidaridae]])
-Image:Stylocidaris affinis.jpg|''[[Stylocidaris affinis]]''
+Image:Tylocidaris ohshimai.JPG|''[[Tylocidaris ohshimai]]'' ([[Psychocidaridae]])
-Image:Balanocidaris marginata 180308.jpg|''[[Balanocidaris marginata]]'' (fossil species).
+Image:Miocidaris coaeva MHNT.PAL.2006.94.jpg|''[[Miocidaris coaeva]]'' ([[Miocidaridae]], fossil)
+Image:Paracidaris florigemma.JPG|''[[Paracidaris florigemma]]'' ([[Polycidaridae]], fossil)
+</gallery>
+<gallery style="text-align:center;" mode="packed">
+Image:Cidaris blakei.jpg|''[[Cidaris blakei]]'', abyssal Caribbean species
+Image:Eucidaris tribuloides (Slate-pencil Urchin).jpg|''[[Eucidaris tribuloides]]'', shallow Caribbean species
+Image:Phyllacanthus.jpg|''[[Phyllacanthus imperialis]]'', shallow Indo-Pacific species
+Image:Plococidaris verticillata.jpg|''[[Plococidaris verticillata]]'', rare shallow Indo-Pacific species
+Image:Prionocidaris baculosa.jpg|''[[Prionocidaris baculosa]]'', from Philippines
+Image:Reef0228.jpg|''[[Chondrocidaris gigantea]]'', from Hawaii
 </gallery>
 ==References==
+===Citations===
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
-==See also==
+===Sources===
 * {{WRMS | 1130 | Cidaroida <small>Claus, 1880</small> }}
 * {{cite book |author= Barnes, Robert D. |year=1982 |title= Invertebrate Zoology |publisher= Holt-Saunders International |location= Philadelphia, PA|page= 980|isbn= 0-03-056747-5}}
-* {{cite web | last = National History Museum | first =  | title = Cidaroida | url = http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/echinoid-directory/taxa/taxon.jsp?id=1857 | accessdate = 20 Dec 2009 }}
+* {{cite web | last = National History Museum | first =  | title = Cidaroida | url = http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/echinoid-directory/taxa/taxon.jsp?id=1857 | access-date = 20 Dec 2009 }}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q763989}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Cidaroida| ]]
 [[Category:Cisuralian first appearances]]
+[[Category:Extant Permian first appearances]]
+[[Category:Echinoderm orders]]