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{{Short description|Species of small freshwater animal}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| image = Daphnia longispina - female, adult with asexual eggs.jpg
| image = Daphnia longispina - female, adult with asexual eggs.jpg
| image_caption = ''Daphnia longispina'' - female adult
| image_caption = Adult female ''Daphnia longispina''
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| genus = Daphnia
| parent = Daphnia (Daphnia)
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
⚫
| species = longispina
| subphylum = [[Crustacean|Crustacea]]
⚫
| authority = [[Otto Friedrich Müller|O. F. Müller]], 1776&nbsp;.<ref>{{ITIS |id=83875 |taxon=''Daphnia longispina''}}</ref>
| classis = [[Branchiopoda]]
| ordo = [[Cladocera]]
| familia = [[Daphniidae]]
| genus = ''[[Daphnia]]''
⚫
| species = '''''D. longispina'''''
| binomial = ''Daphnia longispina''
⚫
| binomial_authority = O. F. Müller, 1776&nbsp;.<ref>{{ITIS |id=83875 |taxon=''Daphnia longispina''}}</ref>
}}
}}
[[File:Female Daphnia longispina carrying a resting egg ("ephippium").JPG|thumb|Female Daphnia longispina carrying a resting egg (="ephippium"). The two dark, oval spots on the ephippium mark the places where the two resting eggs are located. The female was collected in a rock pool in South-Western Finland. The animal is about 2 mm long.]]
[[File:Female Daphnia longispina carrying a resting egg ("ephippium").JPG|thumb|Female ''Daphnia longispina'' carrying a resting egg (="ephippium"). The two dark, oval spots on the ephippium mark the places where the two resting eggs are located. The female was collected in a rock pool in South-Western Finland. The animal is about 2 mm long.]]

'''Daphnia longispina''' is a planktonic ''[[crustacean]]'' of the genus ''[[Daphnia]]'' (Family "[[Daphniidae]]"), a [[cladocera]]n [[fresh water|freshwater]] [[water flea]]. It is native to [[Eurasia]]. D. longispina is similar in size and sometimes confused with the often sympatric D. pulex (a very common species), but much smaller than D. magna.<ref>{{cite book | author=Benzie, J. A. H. | date=2005 | title=Cladocera: The genus Daphnia (including Daphniopsis) | publisher=Backhuys Publisher, }}</ref> D. longispina is found in a wide range of standing freshwater bodies from small, ephemeral rock-pools to large lakes.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Pajunen, V. I. |author2=I. Pajunen | date=2007 | title=Habitat characteristics contributing to local occupancy and habitat use in rock pool Daphnia metapopulations | journal=Hydrobiologia | volume=592 | pages=291–302 | doi=10.1007/s10750-007-0769-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=Smirnov | date=2014 | title=The physiology of the Cladocera | publisher=Academic Press, Amsterdam }}</ref>
'''''Daphnia longispina''''' is a planktonic [[crustacean]] of the family [[Daphniidae]], a [[cladocera]]n [[fresh water|freshwater]] [[water flea]]. It is native to [[Eurasia]]. ''D. longispina'' is similar in size and sometimes confused with the often sympatric ''[[Daphnia pulex|D. pulex]]'' (a very common species), but much smaller than ''[[Daphnia magna|D. magna]]''.<ref>{{cite book | author=Benzie, J. A. H. | date=2005 | title=Cladocera: The genus ''Daphnia'' (including ''Daphniopsis'') | publisher=Backhuys Publisher }}</ref> ''D. longispina'' is found in a wide range of standing freshwater bodies from small, ephemeral rock-pools to large lakes.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Pajunen, V. I. |author2=I. Pajunen |name-list-style=amp| date=2007 | title=Habitat characteristics contributing to local occupancy and habitat use in rock pool ''Daphnia'' metapopulations | journal=Hydrobiologia | volume=592 | pages=291–302 | doi=10.1007/s10750-007-0769-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=Smirnov | date=2014 | title=The physiology of the Cladocera | publisher=Academic Press, Amsterdam }}</ref>


==Life history==
==Life history==
Like all Daphnia species, D. longispina is a filter feeder, collecting particles of about 2 to 40&nbsp;µm suspended in the water.<ref>{{cite book | author=Lampert, W. | date=2011 | title=Daphnia: development of a model organism in ecology and evolution | publisher=Oldendorf/Luhe: Internat. Ecology Inst.}}</ref>
Like all ''Daphnia'' species, ''D. longispina'' is a filter feeder, collecting particles of about 2 to 40&nbsp;μm suspended in the water.<ref>{{cite book | author=Lampert, W. | date=2011 | title=''Daphnia'': development of a model organism in ecology and evolution |location=Oldendorf/Luhe | publisher=Internat. Ecology Inst.}}</ref>
The main food are green algae. At 20&nbsp;°C maturity is reached within about 6 to 12 days, followed by a period of regular reproduction in about 3-4 day intervals. D. longispina reproduces either asexually (''[[parthenogenesis]]'') or sexually. For the later, females need to produce sons asexually. The same or other females can switch at any moment from asexual to sexual reproduction, but producing haploid eggs, which require fertilization by males. The sexual eggs are then deposited in an ephippium (plural: ''[[ephippia]]'', a resting egg shell), which will sink into the bottom of the water body when the female molts her carapace. After a resting period, which can last several years, the resting stages hatches. Only females emerge from the resting stages.<ref name="Smirnov, N. N._2014">{{cite book | author=Smirnov, N. N. | date=2014 | title=The physiology of the Cladocera | publisher=Academic Press, Amsterdam }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=Ebert, D. |author-link= Dieter Ebert | date=2005 | title=Ecology, epidemiology and evolution of parasitism in Daphnia | publisher=Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2036/?term=Ebert}}</ref>
The main food are green algae. At 20&nbsp;°C maturity is reached within about 6 to 12 days, followed by a period of regular reproduction in about 3-4 day intervals. ''D. longispina'' reproduces either asexually (''[[parthenogenesis]]'') or sexually. For the later, females need to produce sons asexually. The same or other females can switch at any moment from asexual to sexual reproduction, but producing haploid eggs, which require fertilization by males. The sexual eggs are then deposited in an ephippium (plural: ''[[ephippia]]'', a resting egg shell), which will sink into the bottom of the water body when the female molts her carapace. After a resting period, which can last several years, the resting stages hatches. Only females emerge from the resting stages.<ref name="Smirnov, N. N._2014">{{cite book | author=Smirnov, N. N. | date=2014 | title=The physiology of the Cladocera | publisher=Academic Press, Amsterdam }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=Ebert, D. |author-link= Dieter Ebert | date=2005 | title=Ecology, epidemiology and evolution of parasitism in ''Daphnia'' | publisher=Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2036/?term=Ebert}}</ref>


==Systematics and evolution==
==Systematics and evolution==
Within the genus Daphnia, D. longispina belongs to the subgenus Hyalodaphnia, sometimes called the D.longispina complex. Closely related species of D.longispina in this complex are D. galeata and D. cucullata, with which D. longispina frequently hybridises.<ref name="Petrusek, A., J. Seda, J. Machacek, S. Ruthova, and P. Smilauer_2008">{{cite journal |author1=Petrusek, A. |author2=J. Seda |author3=J. Machacek |author4=S. Ruthova |author5=P. Smilauer |last-author-amp=yes | date=2008 | title=Daphnia hybridization along ecological gradients in pelagic environments: the potential for the presence of hybrid zones in plankton | journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | volume=363 | pages=2931–2941 | doi=10.1098/rstb.2008.0026}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Dlouha, S. | author2=A. Thielsch | author3=R. H. S. Kraus | author4=J. Seda| author5=K. Schwenk | author6=A. Petrusek | last-author-amp=yes | date=2010 | title=Identifying hybridizing taxa within the Daphnia longispina species complex: a comparison of genetic methods and phenotypic approaches | journal=Hydrobiologia | volume=643 | pages=107–122 | doi=10.1007/s10750-010-0128-8}}</ref> A revision of the species complex recently showed that the species D. rosea, D. hyalina and D. zschokkei belong to the species D. longispina, invalidating their species status.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Petrusek, A. |author2=A. Hobaek |author3=J. P. Nilssen |author4=M. Skage |author5=M. Cerny |author6=N. Brede |author7=K. Schwenk |last-author-amp=yes | date=2008 | title=A taxonomic reappraisal of the European Daphnia longispina complex (Crustacea, Cladocera, Anomopoda) | journal=Zoologica Scripta | volume=37 | pages=507–519 | doi=10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00336.x}}</ref>
Within the genus ''Daphnia'', ''D. longispina'' belongs to the subgenus ''Hyalodaphnia'', sometimes called the ''D. longispina'' complex. Closely related species of ''D. longispina'' in this complex are ''[[Daphnia galeata|D. galeata]]'' and ''[[Daphnia cucullata|D. cucullata]]'', with which ''D. longispina'' frequently hybridises.<ref name="Petrusek, A., J. Seda, J. Machacek, S. Ruthova, and P. Smilauer_2008">{{cite journal |author1=Petrusek, A. |author2=J. Seda |author3=J. Machacek |author4=S. Ruthova |author5=P. Smilauer |name-list-style=amp | date=2008 | title=''Daphnia'' hybridization along ecological gradients in pelagic environments: the potential for the presence of hybrid zones in plankton | journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | volume=363 | pages=2931–2941 | doi=10.1098/rstb.2008.0026|pmc=2606733 | pmid=18508758}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Dlouha, S. | author2=A. Thielsch | author3=R. H. S. Kraus | author4=J. Seda| author5=K. Schwenk | author6=A. Petrusek | name-list-style=amp | date=2010 | title=Identifying hybridizing taxa within the ''Daphnia longispina'' species complex: a comparison of genetic methods and phenotypic approaches | journal=Hydrobiologia | volume=643 | pages=107–122 | doi=10.1007/s10750-010-0128-8| doi-access=free }}</ref> A revision of the species complex recently showed that the species ''D. rosea'', ''D. hyalina'' and ''D. zschokkei'' belong to the species ''D. longispina'', invalidating their species status.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Petrusek, A. |author2=A. Hobaek |author3=J. P. Nilssen |author4=M. Skage |author5=M. Cerny |author6=N. Brede |author7=K. Schwenk |name-list-style=amp | date=2008 | title=A taxonomic reappraisal of the European ''Daphnia longispina'' complex (Crustacea, Cladocera, Anomopoda) | journal=Zoologica Scripta | volume=37 | pages=507–519 | doi=10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00336.x}}</ref>


==Parasitism==
==Parasitism==
In contrast to other Daphnia species, (e.g. D. magna) only few parasites have been reported to infect D. longispina.<ref name=GreenJ1974>{{cite journal | author=Green, J. | date=1974 | title=Parasites and epibionts of Cladocera. | journal=Transactions of the Zoological Society of London | volume=32 | pages=417–515}}</ref><ref name="Stirnadel, H. A., and D. Ebert_1997">{{cite journal |author1=Stirnadel, H. A. |author2=D. Ebert | date=1997 | title=Prevalence, host specificity and impact on host fecundity of microparasites and epibionts in three sympatric Daphnia species | journal=Journal of Animal Ecology | volume=66 | pages=212–222 | doi=10.2307/6023}}</ref><ref name="Bengtsson, J., and D. Ebert_1998">{{cite journal |author1=Bengtsson, J. |author2=D. Ebert | date=1998 | title=Distribution and impacts of microparasites on Daphnia in a rockpool metapopulation | journal=Oecologia (Berlin) | volume=115 | pages=213–221 | doi=10.1007/s004420050510}}</ref> It is however frequently subject to colonization by epibionts, such as peritrich ciliates and algae <ref name="GreenJ1974"/>
In contrast to other ''Daphnia'' species, (e.g. ''D. magna'') only few parasites have been reported to infect ''D. longispina''.<ref name=GreenJ1974>{{cite journal | author=Green, J. | date=1974 | title=Parasites and epibionts of Cladocera | journal=Transactions of the Zoological Society of London | volume=32 | pages=417–515}}</ref><ref name="Stirnadel, H. A., and D. Ebert_1997">{{cite journal |author1=Stirnadel, H. A. |author2=D. Ebert |name-list-style=amp | date=1997 | title=Prevalence, host specificity and impact on host fecundity of microparasites and epibionts in three sympatric ''Daphnia'' species | journal=Journal of Animal Ecology | volume=66 | pages=212–222 | doi=10.2307/6023}}</ref><ref name="Bengtsson, J., and D. Ebert_1998">{{cite journal |author1=Bengtsson, J. |author2=D. Ebert |name-list-style=amp | date=1998 | title=Distribution and impacts of microparasites on ''Daphnia'' in a rockpool metapopulation | journal=Oecologia | volume=115 | pages=213–221 | doi=10.1007/s004420050510}}</ref> It is however frequently subject to colonization by epibionts, such as peritrich ciliates and algae <ref name="GreenJ1974"/>


== References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


===General references===
===General references===
*{{cite book | author=Benzie, J. A. H. | date=2005 | title=Cladocera: The genus Daphnia (including Daphniopsis) | publisher=Backhuys Publisher, }}
*{{cite book | author=Benzie, J. A. H. | date=2005 | title=Cladocera: The genus ''Daphnia'' (including ''Daphniopsis'') | publisher=Backhuys Publisher }}
*{{cite book | author=Ebert, D. |author-link= Dieter Ebert | date=2005 | title=Ecology, epidemiology and evolution of parasitism in Daphnia | publisher=Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2036/?term=Ebert}}
*{{cite book | author=Ebert, D. |author-link= Dieter Ebert | date=2005 | title=Ecology, epidemiology and evolution of parasitism in ''Daphnia'' | publisher=Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2036/?term=Ebert}}
*{{cite book | author=Lampert, W. | date=2011 | title=Daphnia: development of a model organism in ecology and evolution | publisher=Oldendorf/Luhe: Internat. Ecology Inst.}}
*{{cite book | author=Lampert, W. | date=2011 | title=''Daphnia'': development of a model organism in ecology and evolution | publisher=Oldendorf/Luhe: Internat. Ecology Inst.}}
*{{cite book | author=Smirnov, N. N. | date=2014 | title=The physiology of the Cladocera | publisher=Academic Press, Amsterdam }}
*{{cite book | author=Smirnov, N. N. | date=2014 | title=The physiology of the Cladocera | publisher=Academic Press, Amsterdam }}
*{{cite book | author = Frederick Schram |author-link= Frederick Schram |title=Crustacea |isbn=978-0-19-503742-5 |publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1986}}
*{{cite book | author = Frederick Schram |author-link= Frederick Schram |title=Crustacea |isbn=978-0-19-503742-5 |publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1986}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Cladocera}}
{{Commons category|Daphnia longispina}}
{{Commons category|Branchiopoda}}
{{Wikispecies|Daphnia}}
{{Wikispecies|Daphnia}}


{{Branchiopoda}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q4576630}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q4576630}}


⚫
[[Category:Crustaceans described in 1776]]
[[Category:Cladocera]]
[[Category:Cladocera]]
[[Category:Freshwater crustaceans of Europe]]
[[Category:Freshwater crustaceans of Europe]]
⚫
[[Category:Crustaceans described in 1776]]

[[Category:Taxa named by Otto Friedrich Müller]]

{{branchiopoda-stub}}

Latest revision as of 18:11, 10 May 2024

Daphnia longispina
Adult female Daphnia longispina
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Branchiopoda
Order: Anomopoda
Family: Daphniidae
Genus: Daphnia
Subgenus: Daphnia
Species:
D. longispina
Binomial name
Daphnia longispina
Female Daphnia longispina carrying a resting egg (="ephippium"). The two dark, oval spots on the ephippium mark the places where the two resting eggs are located. The female was collected in a rock pool in South-Western Finland. The animal is about 2 mm long.

Daphnia longispina is a planktonic crustacean of the family Daphniidae, a cladoceran freshwater water flea. It is native to Eurasia. D. longispina is similar in size and sometimes confused with the often sympatric D. pulex (a very common species), but much smaller than D. magna.[2] D. longispina is found in a wide range of standing freshwater bodies from small, ephemeral rock-pools to large lakes.[3][4]

Life history[edit]

Like all Daphnia species, D. longispina is a filter feeder, collecting particles of about 2 to 40 μm suspended in the water.[5] The main food are green algae. At 20 °C maturity is reached within about 6 to 12 days, followed by a period of regular reproduction in about 3-4 day intervals. D. longispina reproduces either asexually (parthenogenesis) or sexually. For the later, females need to produce sons asexually. The same or other females can switch at any moment from asexual to sexual reproduction, but producing haploid eggs, which require fertilization by males. The sexual eggs are then deposited in an ephippium (plural: ephippia, a resting egg shell), which will sink into the bottom of the water body when the female molts her carapace. After a resting period, which can last several years, the resting stages hatches. Only females emerge from the resting stages.[6][7]

Systematics and evolution[edit]

Within the genus Daphnia, D. longispina belongs to the subgenus Hyalodaphnia, sometimes called the D. longispina complex. Closely related species of D. longispina in this complex are D. galeata and D. cucullata, with which D. longispina frequently hybridises.[8][9] A revision of the species complex recently showed that the species D. rosea, D. hyalina and D. zschokkei belong to the species D. longispina, invalidating their species status.[10]

Parasitism[edit]

In contrast to other Daphnia species, (e.g. D. magna) only few parasites have been reported to infect D. longispina.[11][12][13] It is however frequently subject to colonization by epibionts, such as peritrich ciliates and algae [11]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Daphnia longispina". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  2. ^ Benzie, J. A. H. (2005). Cladocera: The genus Daphnia (including Daphniopsis). Backhuys Publisher.
  3. ^ Pajunen, V. I. & I. Pajunen (2007). "Habitat characteristics contributing to local occupancy and habitat use in rock pool Daphnia metapopulations". Hydrobiologia. 592: 291–302. doi:10.1007/s10750-007-0769-4.
  4. ^ Smirnov (2014). The physiology of the Cladocera. Academic Press, Amsterdam.
  5. ^ Lampert, W. (2011). Daphnia: development of a model organism in ecology and evolution. Oldendorf/Luhe: Internat. Ecology Inst.
  6. ^ Smirnov, N. N. (2014). The physiology of the Cladocera. Academic Press, Amsterdam.
  7. ^ Ebert, D. (2005). Ecology, epidemiology and evolution of parasitism in Daphnia. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information.
  8. ^ Petrusek, A.; J. Seda; J. Machacek; S. Ruthova & P. Smilauer (2008). "Daphnia hybridization along ecological gradients in pelagic environments: the potential for the presence of hybrid zones in plankton". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 363: 2931–2941. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0026. PMC 2606733. PMID 18508758.
  9. ^ Dlouha, S.; A. Thielsch; R. H. S. Kraus; J. Seda; K. Schwenk & A. Petrusek (2010). "Identifying hybridizing taxa within the Daphnia longispina species complex: a comparison of genetic methods and phenotypic approaches". Hydrobiologia. 643: 107–122. doi:10.1007/s10750-010-0128-8.
  10. ^ Petrusek, A.; A. Hobaek; J. P. Nilssen; M. Skage; M. Cerny; N. Brede & K. Schwenk (2008). "A taxonomic reappraisal of the European Daphnia longispina complex (Crustacea, Cladocera, Anomopoda)". Zoologica Scripta. 37: 507–519. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00336.x.
  11. ^ a b Green, J. (1974). "Parasites and epibionts of Cladocera". Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. 32: 417–515.
  12. ^ Stirnadel, H. A. & D. Ebert (1997). "Prevalence, host specificity and impact on host fecundity of microparasites and epibionts in three sympatric Daphnia species". Journal of Animal Ecology. 66: 212–222. doi:10.2307/6023.
  13. ^ Bengtsson, J. & D. Ebert (1998). "Distribution and impacts of microparasites on Daphnia in a rockpool metapopulation". Oecologia. 115: 213–221. doi:10.1007/s004420050510.

General references[edit]

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Daphnia longispina.
Wikispecies has information related to Daphnia.
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