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'''Seredžius''' ({{lang-yi|סרעדניק}} - Srednik; [[Samogitian dialect|Samogitian]]: ''Seredius''; {{lang-ru|Средники}}; {{lang-pl|Średniki}}) is a town in [[Lithuania]] on the right bank of the [[Neman River]] near its confluence with the [[Dubysa River]]. According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 749.<ref name=census/>
'''Seredžius''' (see other [[#names]]) is a town in [[Lithuania]] on the right bank of the [[Neman River]] near its confluence with the [[Dubysa River]]. According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 749.<ref name=census/>


==Name==
==Names==
The town had a large [[Jews|Jewish]] population prior to [[World War II]]. In 1900 (when part of the [[Russian Empire]]) the town's Jewish population numbered 1,174.<ref name=jewishgen/> The [[Yiddish]] name for the city was סרעדניק (''Srednik''), corresponding to the [[Polish language|Polish]] and [[Russian language|Russian]] names ''Średniki'' and Средники (''Sredniki'').<ref>Other recorded forms of the town's name include ''Srednike'', ''Seredžiaūs'', ''Seredzhyus'', ''Seredzhus'' and ''Seredius''. See previous reference.</ref> The name Seredžius is believed to be derived from середа ''sereda'', a word meaning "[[Wednesday]]" in many Slavic languages. This is probably because of the markets held there on Wednesday.
The [[Yiddish]] name for the city was סרעדניק (''Srednik''), corresponding to the [[Polish language|Polish]] ''Średniki'' and [[Russian language|Russian]] Средники (''Sredniki''). In local [[Samogitian dialect]] the town is known as ''Seredius''. Other recorded forms of the town's name include ''Srednike'', ''Seredzhyus'', ''Seredzhus'' and ''Seredius''. The name Seredžius is believed to be derived from середа (''sereda''), a word meaning "[[Wednesday]]" in many Slavic languages. This is probably because of the markets held there on Wednesday.


==History==
==History==
[[File:Seredžiaus piliakalnis, Palemono kalnas 02.jpg|thumb|left|View of Seredžius with Palemon Hill in the background]]
[[File:Seredžiaus piliakalnis, Palemono kalnas 02.jpg|thumb|left|View of Seredžius with Palemon Hill in the background]]
Southeast of the town, archaeologists discovered graves from the 3rd–4th centuries.<ref name=kviklys/> The town also has a large [[hillfort]], identified by historian [[Zenonas Ivinskis]] as Pieštvė, which was attacked by the [[Teutonic Knights]] numerous times in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.<ref name=kviklys/> According to the [[Palemonids]] legend, noble refugees from the [[Roman Empire]] settled on the hill, now named after Palemon, and established the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].<ref name=palemonas/> After the [[Battle of Grunwald]], the location lost its military purpose and became private property of the [[Sapieha family]]. The Sapiehas built a residential palace, which did not survive. The town's first Catholic church was built around 1608–1612.<ref name=kviklys/> The church was destroyed in 1829 after a landslide caused by extensive flooding. The residents built a wooden church, which was replaced by a [[Neo-Renaissance]] church dedicated to [[John the Baptist]] in 1913.
Southeast of the town, archaeologists discovered graves from the 3rd–4th centuries.<ref name=kviklys/> According to the [[Palemonids]] legend, noble refugees from the [[Roman Empire]] settled on the hill, now named after Palemon, and established the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].<ref name=palemonas/> The town has a large [[hillfort]] where [[Pieštvė]] fortress stood during the [[Lithuanian Crusade]]. It was attacked by the [[Teutonic Knights]] numerous times in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.<ref name=kviklys/> After the [[Battle of Grunwald]], the location lost its military purpose and became private property of the [[Sapieha family]].


The Sapiehas built a residential palace, which did not survive. The town's first Catholic church was built around 1608–12.<ref name=kviklys/> The church was destroyed in 1829 after a landslide caused by extensive flooding. The residents built a wooden church, which was replaced by a [[Neo-Renaissance]] church dedicated to [[John the Baptist]] in 1913.
Seredžius was the birthplace of the American singer, comedian, and actor [[Al Jolson]], born into the town's Jewish community in 1886 as Asa Yoelson.<ref>David Spiller, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=NbE0ujztAR8C&pg=PA9&dq=Srednik+Lithuania&hl=en&ei=RV5oTNybCMWqngfjwaHBBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Srednik%20Lithuania&f=false "Great Singers of the Twentieth Century"''], Lulu.com, 2008</ref>


Seredžius’s Jews were killed on September 4, 1941. On that day, 193 people were shot near the village of Skrebėnai: 6 men, 61 women and 126 children.<ref>http://www.holocaustatlas.lt/EN/#a_atlas/search//page//item/135/</ref>
The town had a large [[Jews|Jewish]] population prior to [[World War II]]. In 1900 (when part of the [[Russian Empire]]) the town's Jewish population numbered 1,174.<ref name=jewishgen/> Seredžius was the birthplace of the American singer, comedian, and actor [[Al Jolson]], born into the town's Jewish community in 1886 as Asa Yoelson.<ref>David Spiller, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=NbE0ujztAR8C&pg=PA9&dq=Srednik+Lithuania&hl=en&ei=RV5oTNybCMWqngfjwaHBBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Srednik%20Lithuania&f=false "Great Singers of the Twentieth Century"''], Lulu.com, 2008</ref> The town's Jews were killed on September 4, 1941. On that day, 193 people were shot near the village of Skrebėnai: 6 men, 61 women and 126 children.<ref>http://www.holocaustatlas.lt/EN/#a_atlas/search//page//item/135/</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 50: Line 50:
<ref name=census>{{cite book | title=Tauragės apskrities kaimo gyvenamosios vietovės ir jų gyventojai |url=http://www.stat.gov.lt/uploads/docs/Taurages_apskritis.pdf |publisher=Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania |year=2003 |location=Vilnius |page=33 |isbn=9986-589-95-9|language=lt}}</ref>
<ref name=census>{{cite book | title=Tauragės apskrities kaimo gyvenamosios vietovės ir jų gyventojai |url=http://www.stat.gov.lt/uploads/docs/Taurages_apskritis.pdf |publisher=Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania |year=2003 |location=Vilnius |page=33 |isbn=9986-589-95-9|language=lt}}</ref>
<ref name=kviklys>{{cite book |title=Mūsų Lietuva |volume=II |first=Bronius |last=Kviklys | year=1965 |publisher=Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla| location=Boston |oclc=3303503 |pages=333–336|language=lt}}</ref>
<ref name=kviklys>{{cite book |title=Mūsų Lietuva |volume=II |first=Bronius |last=Kviklys | year=1965 |publisher=Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla| location=Boston |oclc=3303503 |pages=333–336|language=lt}}</ref>
<ref name=palemonas>{{lt icon}} {{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=Lietuvių enciklopedija | title=Palemonas |first=Zenonas |last=Ivinskis | location=Boston, Massachusetts | publisher=Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla |year=1953–1966 |volume=21 |pages=400–401 |id={{LCC|55020366}} }}</ref>
<ref name=palemonas>{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=Lietuvių enciklopedija | title=Palemonas |first=Zenonas |last=Ivinskis | location=Boston | publisher=Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla |year=1953–1966 |volume=21 |pages=400–401 |id={{LCC|55020366}} |language=lt}}</ref>
<ref name=jewishgen>[http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~shtetm~-2618970 JewishGen Seredžius page]</ref>
<ref name=jewishgen>[http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~shtetm~-2618970 JewishGen Seredžius page]</ref>
}}
}}

Revision as of 22:43, 26 June 2016

Seredžius
Town
Coat of arms of Seredžius
Coat of arms
Country Lithuania
Ethnographic regionSamogitia
CountyTauragė County
MunicipalityJurbarkas district municipality
EldershipSeredžius eldership
Capital ofSeredžius eldership
Population
 (2001)
 • Total749
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Seredžius (see other #names) is a town in Lithuania on the right bank of the Neman River near its confluence with the Dubysa River. According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 749.[1]

Names

The Yiddish name for the city was סרעדניק (Srednik), corresponding to the Polish Średniki and Russian Средники (Sredniki). In local Samogitian dialect the town is known as Seredius. Other recorded forms of the town's name include Srednike, Seredzhyus, Seredzhus and Seredius. The name Seredžius is believed to be derived from середа (sereda), a word meaning "Wednesday" in many Slavic languages. This is probably because of the markets held there on Wednesday.

History

View of Seredžius with Palemon Hill in the background

Southeast of the town, archaeologists discovered graves from the 3rd–4th centuries.[2] According to the Palemonids legend, noble refugees from the Roman Empire settled on the hill, now named after Palemon, and established the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.[3] The town has a large hillfort where Pieštvė fortress stood during the Lithuanian Crusade. It was attacked by the Teutonic Knights numerous times in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.[2] After the Battle of Grunwald, the location lost its military purpose and became private property of the Sapieha family.

The Sapiehas built a residential palace, which did not survive. The town's first Catholic church was built around 1608–12.[2] The church was destroyed in 1829 after a landslide caused by extensive flooding. The residents built a wooden church, which was replaced by a Neo-Renaissance church dedicated to John the Baptist in 1913.

The town had a large Jewish population prior to World War II. In 1900 (when part of the Russian Empire) the town's Jewish population numbered 1,174.[4] Seredžius was the birthplace of the American singer, comedian, and actor Al Jolson, born into the town's Jewish community in 1886 as Asa Yoelson.[5] The town's Jews were killed on September 4, 1941. On that day, 193 people were shot near the village of Skrebėnai: 6 men, 61 women and 126 children.[6]

References

  1. ^ Tauragės apskrities kaimo gyvenamosios vietovės ir jų gyventojai (PDF) (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania. 2003. p. 33. ISBN 9986-589-95-9.
  2. ^ a b c Kviklys, Bronius (1965). Mūsų Lietuva (in Lithuanian). Vol. II. Boston: Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla. pp. 333–336. OCLC 3303503.
  3. ^ Ivinskis, Zenonas (1953–1966). "Palemonas". Lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 21. Boston: Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla. pp. 400–401. LCC 55020366.
  4. ^ JewishGen Seredžius page
  5. ^ David Spiller, "Great Singers of the Twentieth Century", Lulu.com, 2008
  6. ^ http://www.holocaustatlas.lt/EN/#a_atlas/search//page//item/135/
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