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'''Xenambulacraria''' is a proposed clade of [[animal]]s with [[symmetry (biology)#Bilateral symmetry|bilateral symmetry]] as an embryo, consisting of the [[Xenacoelomorpha]] (i.e., ''[[Xenoturbella]]'' and [[acoelomorph]]s) and the [[Ambulacraria]] (i.e., [[echinoderm]]s and [[hemichordate]]s).<ref name="Bourlat2006">{{cite journal | last1=Bourlat | first1=Sarah J. | last2=Juliusdottir | first2=Thorhildur | last3=Lowe | first3=Christopher J. | last4=Freeman | first4=Robert | last5=Aronowicz | first5=Jochanan | last6=Kirschner | first6=Mark | last7=Lander | first7=Eric S. | last8=Thorndyke | first8=Michael | last9=Nakano | first9=Hiroaki | last10=Kohn | first10=Andrea B. | last11=Heyland | first11=Andreas | last12=Moroz | first12=Leonid L. | last13=Copley | first13=Richard R. | last14=Telford | first14=Maximilian J. | title=Deuterostome phylogeny reveals monophyletic chordates and the new phylum Xenoturbellida | journal=Nature | volume=444 | issue=7115 | year=2006 | pages=85–88 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/nature05241 | pmid=17051155 | bibcode=2006Natur.444...85B| s2cid=4366885 }}</ref>
<gallery class="center" widths=300px heights=300px caption="Other members of the Xenambulacraria">
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Revision as of 15:25, 14 December 2022
Xenambulacraria | |
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A Xenoturbellida member, Xenoturbella japonica | |
An Ambulacraria member, the echinoderm Thromidia catalai | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Clade: | Bilateria |
Clade: | Xenambulacraria Bourlat et al, 2006[1] |
Clades | |
Xenambulacraria is a proposed clade of animals with bilateral symmetry as an embryo, consisting of the Xenacoelomorpha (i.e., Xenoturbella and acoelomorphs) and the Ambulacraria (i.e., echinoderms and hemichordates).[1]
If confirmed, the clade would either be the sister group to the chordates (deuterostomes monophyletic) or the sister group to all the other bilaterians (deuteristomes paraphyletic).[1][2][3]
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Various Acoelomorpha (nemertodermatids).
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Various Hemichordata (enteropneusts).
References
- ^ a b c Bourlat, Sarah J.; Juliusdottir, Thorhildur; Lowe, Christopher J.; Freeman, Robert; Aronowicz, Jochanan; Kirschner, Mark; Lander, Eric S.; Thorndyke, Michael; Nakano, Hiroaki; Kohn, Andrea B.; Heyland, Andreas; Moroz, Leonid L.; Copley, Richard R.; Telford, Maximilian J. (2006). "Deuterostome phylogeny reveals monophyletic chordates and the new phylum Xenoturbellida". Nature. 444 (7115): 85–88. Bibcode:2006Natur.444...85B. doi:10.1038/nature05241. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 17051155. S2CID 4366885.
- ^ Philippe, Hervé; Poustka, Albert J.; Chiodin, Marta; Hoff, Katharina J.; Dessimoz, Christophe; Tomiczek, Bartlomiej; Schiffer, Philipp H.; Müller, Steven; Domman, Daryl; Horn, Matthias; Kuhl, Heiner; Timmermann, Bernd; Satoh, Noriyuki; Hikosaka-Katayama, Tomoe; Nakano, Hiroaki; Rowe, Matthew L.; Elphick, Maurice R.; Thomas-Chollier, Morgane; Hankeln, Thomas; Mertes, Florian; Wallberg, Andreas; Rast, Jonathan P.; Copley, Richard R.; Martinez, Pedro; Telford, Maximilian J. (2019). "Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria". Current Biology. 29 (11): 1818–1826.e6. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009. hdl:21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31104936. S2CID 155104811.
- ^ Marlétaz, Ferdinand (2019-06-17). "Zoology: Worming into the Origin of Bilaterians". Current Biology. 29 (12): R577–R579. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.006. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31211978.