Funastrum cynanchoides: Difference between revisions

Funastrum cynanchoides
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Gentianales
Family:	Apocynaceae
Genus:	Funastrum
Species:	F. cynanchoides
Binomial name
	Funastrum cynanchoides; (Decne.) Schltr.
Synonyms
	Sarcostemma cynanchoides Decne.

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Funastrum cynanchoides (formerly called Sarcostemma cynanchoides),^[1] also known as fringed twinevine, twining milkweed or climbing milkweed, is a perennial plant in the family Apocynaceae that grows twining through other plants in the Mojave Desert and Sonoran Desert.^[1] It has milky sap and smells pungent.^[1] It is similar to Funastrum hirtellum.^[1]

Description

It is a twining vine-like plant that grows over other shrubs.^[1]

Its narrow, arrowhead shaped leaves are opposite and 2.5 to 3.8 centimeters (1 to 1+1⁄2 inches) long.^[1]

The flowers are pink to purplish, and are produced in umbrella-like heads (umbels) up to 10 cm (4 in) wide.^[1]^[2]

It has a fruit that is 7.5 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in) long, with tufted seeds about 3.5 cm (1+1⁄2 in) long.^[1]

Distribution and habitat

It can be found from Southern California to Utah, Oklahoma and Texas.^[2] It grows at the edge of desert dry washes in the eastern Mojave Desert and Sonoran Desert at altitudes below 610 meters (2,000 feet).^[1]

In urban areas the vine freely climbs on plants, trees, as well as having a preference for chain-link fencing in neglected areas.

Ecology

The flowers are actively visited and fed on by butterflies, similar to other milkweeds.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ MacKay, Pam (2013). Mojave Desert Wildflowers, 2nd: A Field Guide to Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of the Mojave Desert, Including the Mojave National Preserve, Death Valley National Park, and Joshua Tree National Park. FalconGuides. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-7627-8033-4.
^ ^a ^b Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. p. 350. ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.

External links

Media related to Funastrum cynanchoides at Wikimedia Commons

This Apocynaceae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[MDW-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ MacKay, Pam (2013). Mojave Desert Wildflowers, 2nd: A Field Guide to Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of the Mojave Desert, Including the Mojave National Preserve, Death Valley National Park, and Joshua Tree National Park. FalconGuides. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-7627-8033-4.

[:0-2] Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. p. 350. ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 }}
-'''''Funastrum cynanchoides''''' (formerly called ''Sarcostemma cynanchoides''),<ref name="MDW">{{cite book |author=MacKay, Pam |title=Mojave Desert Wildflowers, 2nd: A Field Guide to Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of the Mojave Desert, Including the Mojave National Preserve, Death Valley National Park, and Joshua Tree National Park |date=5 March 2013 |publisher=FalconGuides |isbn=978-0-7627-8033-4 |page=74}}</ref> also known as '''fringed twinevine, twining milkweed''' or '''climbing milkweed''', is a [[perennial plant]] in the family [[Apocynaceae]] that grows twining through other plants in the [[Mojave Desert]] and [[Sonoran Desert]].<ref name="MDW" /> It has milky sap and smells pungent.<ref name="MDW" /> It is similar to ''[[Funastrum hirtellum]]''.<ref name=MDW/>
+'''''Funastrum cynanchoides''''' (formerly called ''Sarcostemma cynanchoides''),<ref name="MDW">{{cite book |author=MacKay, Pam |title=Mojave Desert Wildflowers, 2nd: A Field Guide to Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of the Mojave Desert, Including the Mojave National Preserve, Death Valley National Park, and Joshua Tree National Park |year=2013 |publisher=FalconGuides |isbn=978-0-7627-8033-4 |page=74}}</ref> also known as '''fringed twinevine, twining milkweed''' or '''climbing milkweed''', is a [[perennial plant]] in the family [[Apocynaceae]] that grows twining through other plants in the [[Mojave Desert]] and [[Sonoran Desert]].<ref name="MDW" /> It has milky sap and smells pungent.<ref name="MDW" /> It is similar to ''[[Funastrum hirtellum]]''.<ref name=MDW/>
 ==Description==
-It is a twining vine-like plant that grows over other shrubs.<ref name="MDW" />  In urban areas the vine freely climbs on plants, trees, as well as having a preference for chain link fencing in neglected areas.
+It is a twining vine-like plant that grows over other shrubs.<ref name="MDW" />
 Its narrow, arrowhead shaped [[leaves]] are [[Leaf#Arrangement on the stem|opposite]] and {{Convert|2.5 to 3.8|cm|abbr=off|sp=us|frac=2}} long.<ref name="MDW" />
-The flowers are pink to purplish, and are produced in umbrella-like heads ([[umbel]]s) up to {{Convert|10|cm|abbr=on|frac=4}} wide.<ref name="MDW" />  Flowers are actively visited and fed on by butterflies, similar to other milkweeds.
+The flowers are pink to purplish, and are produced in umbrella-like heads ([[umbel]]s) up to {{Convert|10|cm|abbr=on|frac=4}} wide.<ref name="MDW" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Spellenberg |first=Richard |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalaudubons00spel/page/350/ |title=National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region |publisher=Knopf |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-375-40233-3 |edition=rev |pages=350 |orig-date=1979}}</ref>
-It has a fruit that is {{Convert|3 to 4|in|cm|abbr=on|order=flip}} long, with tufted seeds about {{Convert|3.5|cm|abbr=on|frac=4}} long.<ref name="MDW" />
+It has a fruit that is {{Convert|3 to 4|in|cm|abbr=on|order=flip|round=0.5}} long, with tufted seeds about {{Convert|3.5|cm|abbr=on|frac=4}} long.<ref name="MDW" />
 ==Distribution and habitat==
-It grows at the edge of [[desert dry wash]]es in the eastern [[Mojave Desert]] and [[Sonoran Desert]] at altitudes below {{Convert|2000|ft|abbr=off|sp=us|order=flip}}.<ref name=MDW/>[[File:Twining milkweed vine.jpg|thumb|220x220px|[[Danaus (butterfly)|''Danaus'' butterfly]] on a flower]]
+It can be found from [[Southern California]] to [[Utah]], [[Oklahoma]] and [[Texas]].<ref name=":0" /> It grows at the edge of [[desert dry wash]]es in the eastern [[Mojave Desert]] and [[Sonoran Desert]] at altitudes below {{Convert|2000|ft|abbr=off|sp=us|order=flip}}.<ref name=MDW/>
+In urban areas the vine freely climbs on plants, trees, as well as having a preference for [[chain-link fencing]] in neglected areas.
+[[File:Twining milkweed vine.jpg|thumb|[[Danaus (butterfly)|''Danaus'' butterfly]] on a flower]]
+==Ecology==
+The flowers are actively visited and fed on by butterflies, similar to other milkweeds.
 ==References==

Taxon identifiers
Funastrum cynanchoides	Wikidata: Q3090869 Wikispecies: Funastrum cynanchoides Calflora: 9125 CoL: 6K447 EoL: 392798 GBIF: 3170225 GRIN: 463604 iNaturalist: 77180 IPNI: 106371-2 IRMNG: 11077482 ITIS: 513718 NCBI: 2042400 Open Tree of Life: 3870658 Plant List: kew-2815644 PLANTS: FUCY POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:106371-2 Tropicos: 2607234 WFO: wfo-0000693504
Sarcostemma cynanchoides	Wikidata: Q15376831 CoL: 79N9N EPPO: SAZCY GBIF: 3170432 GRIN: 463605 iNaturalist: 168436 IPNI: 100975-1 IRMNG: 10901151 ITIS: 30405 NatureServe: 2.155486 Plant List: tro-2601097 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:100975-1 Tropicos: 2601097 WFO: wfo-0001102075