Funastrum
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| E. Fourn. |
Funastrum is a genus of plants from the subfamily of the silk plants (Asclepiadoideae) in the family of the dog poison plants (Apocynaceae).
features
The genus includes perennial herbaceous or semi-shrubby winds and climbers. Rhizomes are found in some species. The milky juice is white and has a slight garlic odor. The stems are glabrous or weakly to densely hairy. The herbaceous leaves are persistent or obsolete. They are up to 2 to 9 cm long and 0.5 to 5 cm wide. The leaf shape ranges from pointed oval to elongated lanceolate.
Six to 18 flowers stand in an inflorescence that can be longer or shorter than the neighboring leaves. The flower stalk (Pedicellus) is bald or slightly hairy. The hermaphroditic and five-fold flowers have a diameter of 6 to 12 mm. The sepals are apically pointed oval to triangular. The corolla lobes are elongated or oval, oval-lanceolate and apically pointed or rounded. Often the edges are turned back. The flower colors range from white, cream, to green and yellow. In the axes they are provided with dark red to dark brown veins, towards the edge they are hairy. The corolla consists of a fleshy, non-lobate ring at the seam of the corolla and the "Gymnostegium". The five pocket-shaped lobes rest on the five stamens .
The individually hanging fruits have a length of about 5.0 to 8.5 cm and a diameter of 1.0 to 2.5 cm. The brown seeds are 2.5 to 8 mm long and 1.5 to 4 mm wide. They are oval with an extended, mostly serrated edge.
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distribution
The genus Funastrum is native to North and South America. It occurs there in arid to semi-arid areas, plains, in the pampas, on stony slopes at altitudes from sea level to about 1500 m.
Systematics
Synonymy
Some authors put the species of the genus Funastrum under the genus Sarcostemma . Liede-Schumann and Meve also give the following synonyms for Funastrum E. Fourn. on:
- Ceramanthus (Kunze) Malme (1905) nom. illeg., non Ceramanthus Hassk. (1844), Euphorbiaceae
- Cystostemma E. Fourn. (1885)
- Macbridea Raf. [non Macbridea Elliott ex Nutt. ( Lamiaceae )] = Lyonia Elliott , [non Lyonia Raf. , ( Polygonaceae )]
- Seutera Reichb.
- Pattalias S. Watson
- Philibertella Vail (1897), nom. nov. per Philibertia K.Schum. (1895), non Philibertia Kunth (1819)
The type species for Funastrum is Funastrum angustissimum (Andersson) E. Fourn. (Syn .: Asclepias angustissima Andersson )
species
The genus Funastrum contains up to 21 species, depending on the author:
- Funastrum angustissimum (Andersson) E. Fourn. : It occurs in the Galápagos .
- Funastrum arenarium (Decne. Ex Benth.) Lied : It occurs in Baja California .
- Funastrum bilobum hook. et Arn. : It occurs from Mexico to Venezuela.
- Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schult. : It occurs in tropical and subtropical America.
- Funastrum crispum (Benth.) Schltr. : It occurs from Colorado to western and northern Mexico.
- Funastrum cynanchoides Schltr. : It occurs from the southeastern United States to Mexico.
- Funastrum elegans Decne. : It occurs in Mexico.
- Funastrum flavum (Meyen) Malme : It occurs from southern Brazil to northeastern Argentina.
- Funastrum glaucum (Kunth) Schltr. : It occurs from Panama to Venezuela and Peru.
- Funastrum gracile (Decne.) Schltr. : It occurs from Bolivia to northern Argentina.
- Funastrum heterophyllum (Engelm. Ex Torr.) Standl. (Syn .: Funastrum linear (Decne.) JFMacbr. , Funastrum cynanchoides var. Hartwegii (Vail) Krings , Funastrum cynanchoides subsp. Heterophyllum (Engelm. Ex Torr.) Kartesz , Sarcostemma heterophyllum Engelm. Ex Torr. ): It comes from the southern United States to Mexico.
- Funastrum hirtellum (Vail) Schltr. : It occurs from the southwestern United States to Baja California Norte.
- Funastrum lindenianum (Decne. In A. DC.) Schltr. : It occurs from Mexico to Costa Rica.
- Funastrum odoratum (Hemsl.) Schltr. : It occurs from southern Mexico to Nicaragua.
- Funastrum pannosum Schltr. : It occurs in Mexico.
- Funastrum refractum (Donn.Sm.) Schltr. : It occurs in Guatemala.
- Funastrum rupicola Goyder : It occurs in central Bolivia.
- Funastrum suffrutescens E. Fourn. : It occurs in Colombia.
- Funastrum torreyi (A.Gray) Schltr. : It occurs from southwest Texas to northeast Mexico.
- Funastrum trichopetalum (Silveira) Schltr. : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais .
- Funastrum utahense (Engelm.) Liede & Meve (Syn .: Cynanchum utahense (Engelm.) Woodson ): It occurs from the southwestern United States to Baja California .
literature
- Marc Fishbein and WD Stevens: Resurrection of Seutera Reichenbach (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae). Novon, 15: 531-533, St. Loius 2005 ISSN 1055-3177 , online
- Sigrid Liede and A. Täuber: Sarcostemma R.Br. (Apocynaceae - Asclepiadoideae) - a controversial generic circumscription reconsidered: evidence from trnL-F spacers. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 225: 133-140, Vienna 2000 ISSN 0378-2697
- Sigrid Liede-Schumann and Ulrich Meve: The Genera of Asclepiadoideae, Secamonoideae and Periplocoideae (Apocynaceae) : Funastrum - Online. (in English)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ [1] ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Funastrum - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families des Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on November 6, 2017.
