1903 World Series

The 1903 World Series, the first modern World Series to be played in Major League Baseball, matched the Boston Americans against the Pittsburgh Pirates in a best-of-nine series, with Boston prevailing five games to three.

Pittsburgh pitcher Sam Leever injured his shoulder while trap-shooting, so his teammate Deacon Phillippe had to pitch five complete games for Pittsburgh. Phillippe won three of his games, but it was not enough to overcome the club from the new American League. Boston pitchers Bill Dinneen and Cy Young led Boston to victory.

In Game 1, Phillippe set a World Series record by striking out 10 Boston batters. That record lasted barely one day, as Dinneen struck out 11 Pittsburgh batters in Game 2.

Four Hall of Famers appeared in the Series, two for each side: for Boston, Cy Young, the winningest pitcher in Major League Baseball history; and Jimmy Collins, the third baseman who revolutionized his position; for Pittsburgh, Honus Wagner, one of the greatest shortstops of his day or any; and Fred Clarke, who managed the Pittsburgh team for more than a decade.

Wagner, bothered by injuries, batted only 6 for 27 (.222) in the Series and committed six errors. The shortstop was deeply distraught by his performance. The following spring, Wagner (who led the league in 1903 in batting average) refused to send his portrait to a "Hall of Fame" for batting champions. "I was too bum last year," he wrote. "I was a joke in that Boston-Pittsburgh Series. What does it profit a man to hammer along and make a few hits when they are not needed only to fall down when it comes to a pinch? I would be ashamed to have my picture up now."

This first World Series would also be the first time a team came back from a 3 games to 1 deficit to win a post-season series, albeit in a 5-of-9 Series rather than the standard 4-of-7. It would not happen again until Pittsburgh came back to defeat the Washington Senators in the 1925 World Series, and has happened only ten times in baseball history. The Pirates repeated this feat in 1979 against the Baltimore Orioles.

Although much was made of the influence of the Boston "Royal Rooters", Boston only won two out of four at home while taking three of four at Pittsburgh.

The Pirates' benevolent owner Barney Dreyfuss added his share of the gate receipts to the players' share, so the losing team's players actually finished with a larger individual share than the winning team's.

The Series brought the new American League prestige and proved its best could beat the best of the National League, thus strengthening the demand for future World Series competitions.

Background

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Crowd outside the 1903 World Series

Earlier Post-Season Contests

The winners of the National League and American Association had played post-season contests from 1884 to 1891 called "The Championship of the United States" and "World's Championship Series". The Series ended when the American Association folded in 1891. The National League did hold a series of post-season contests on and off between its first and second place finisher for the rest of the decade. The Brooklyn Dodgers (then called the Superbas) and Pittsburgh Pirates, who finished first and second in 1900, played a five-game playoff in Pittsburgh that the Dodgers won three games to one.

A New League

In 1901, Ban Johnson, president of the Western League, a minor league organization, formed the American League to take advantage of the National League's 1900 contraction from twelve teams to eight. Johnson and fellow owners raided the senior circuit and signed away many star players, including Cy Young and Jimmy Collins. Johnson had a list of 46 National Leaguers he targeted for the American League; by 1902, all but one had made the jump.. The constant raiding, however, scotched the idea of a championship between the two leagues. Pirates owner Barney Dreyfuss, whose team ran away with the 1902 National League pennant, was open to a post-season contest and even said he would allow the American League champion to stock his roster with All-Stars. However, Johnson had spoken of putting a team in Pittsburgh and even attempted to raid the Pirates' rosters in August of 1902, which soured Dreyfuss. At the end of the season, though, the Pirates played a group of American League All-Stars in a four-game exhibition series, winning two games to one, with one tie.

The leagues finally called a truce in the winter of 1902-03 and formed the National Commission to preside over organized baseball. The following season, the Boston Americans and Pittsburgh Pirates had secured their pennants by September. That August, Dreyfuss challenged the American League to an eleven game championship series. Encouraged by Johnson and National League President Harry Pulliam, Americans owner Henry J. Killilea met with Dreyfuss in Pittsburgh in September and instead agreed to a best-of-nine championship, with the first three games played in Boston, the next four in Pittsburgh, and the remaining two (if necessary) in Boston.

One significant point about this agreement was that it was an arrangement primarily between the two clubs rather than a formal arrangement between the leagues. In short, it was a voluntary event, a fact which would result in no Series at all for 1904, and eventually to the formal establishment of the Series as a compulsory event starting in 1905.

The Teams

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1903 World Series Poster (a latter-day mockup)

The Pirates won their third straight pennant in 1903 thanks to a powerful line-up that included legendary shortstop Honus Wagner, who hit .355 and drove in 101 runs, player-manager Fred Clarke, who hit .351, and Ginger Beaumont, who hit .341 and led the league in hits and runs. The Pirates' pitching was weaker than it had been in previous years but boasted 24-game winner Deacon Phillippe and 25-game winner Sam Leever

The Americans had a strong pitching staff, led by Cy Young, who went 28-9 in 1903 and became the all-time wins leader that year. Bill Dineen and Long Tom Hughes, right-handers like Young, had won 21 games and 20 games each. The Boston outfield, featuring Chick Stahl (.274), Buck Freeman (.287, 104 RBIs) and Patsy Dougherty (.331, 101 runs scored) was considered excellent.

Although the Pirates had dominated their league for the previous three years, they went into the series riddled with injuries and plagued by bizarre misfortunes. Otto Krueger, the team's only utility player, was beaned on September 19 and never fully played in the series. 16-game winner Ed Doheny left the team three days later, exhibiting signs of paranoia; he was committed to an insane asylum the following month. Leever had been battling an injury to his pitching arm (which he made worse by entering a trap-shooting competition). Worst of all, Wagner, who had a sore thumb throughout the season, injured his right leg in September and was never 100 percent for the post-season.

Some sources say Boston were heavy underdogs. Boston bookies actually gave even odds to the teams (and only because Dreyfuss and other "sports" were alleged to have bet on Pittsburgh to bring down the odds). The teams were generally thought to be evenly matched, with the Americans credited with stronger pitching and the Pirates with superior offense and fielding. The outcome, many believed, hinged on Wagner's health. "If Wagner does not play, bet your money at 2 to 1 on Boston," said the Sporting News, "but if he does play, place your money at 2 to 1 on Pittsburgh."

Records: Boston Pilgrims (W: 91, L: 47, Pct: .659, GA: 14 ½) - Pittsburgh Pirates (W: 91, L: 49, Pct: .650, GA: 6 1/2)

Managers: Jimmy Collins (Boston), Fred Clarke (Pittsburgh)

Umpires: Hank O'Day (NL), Tommy Connolly (AL)

Summary

AL Boston Americans (5) vs NL Pittsburgh Pirates (3)

Game	Score	Date	Location	Attendance
1	Pirates - 7, Americans - 3	October 1	Huntington Avenue Baseball Grounds	16,242
2	Pirates - 0, Americans - 3	October 2	Huntington Avenue Baseball Grounds	9,415
3	Pirates - 4, Americans - 2	October 3	Huntington Avenue Baseball Grounds	18,801
4	Americans - 4, Pirates - 5	October 6	Exposition Park III	7,600
5	Americans - 11, Pirates - 2	October 7	Exposition Park III	12,322
6	Americans - 6, Pirates - 3	October 8	Exposition Park III	11,556
7	Americans - 7, Pirates - 3	October 10	Exposition Park III	17,038
8	Pirates - 0, Americans - 3	October 13	Huntington Avenue Baseball Grounds	7,455

Matchups

Game 1

October 1: Huntington Avenue Grounds, Boston, Massachusetts

The Pirates started Game 1 strong, scoring six runs in the first four innings. They extended their lead to 7-0 on a solo home run by Jimmy Sebring in the 7th, the first home run in World Series history. Boston tried to mount a comeback in the last three innings, but it was too little, too late, as they ended up losing by a score of 7-3 in the first ever World Series game. Both Phillippe and Young threw complete games, with Phillippe striking out 10 and Young fanning 5, but Young also gave up twice as many hits and allowed 3 earned runs to Phillippe's 2.

Team	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	R	H	E
Pittsburgh	4	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	7	12	2
Boston	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	1	3	6	4
W: Deacon Phillippe (1-0)   L: Cy Young (0-1)
HR: PIT – Jimmy Sebring (1)

Game 2

October 2: Huntington Avenue Grounds, Boston, Massachusetts

After starting out strong in Game 1, the Pirates simply shut down offensively, managing to get a meager 3 hits, all of which were singles. Pirates starter Sam Leever went only one inning and gave up 3 hits and 2 runs before being replaced by Bucky Veil in the second inning due to injury, who finished the game for Pittsburgh. Bill Dinneen struck out 11 and pitched a complete game for the Americans, while Patsy Dougherty hit home runs in the first and sixth innings to produce 2 of the Boston's 3 runs.

Team	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	R	H	E
Pittsburgh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	2
Boston	2	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	X	3	8	0
W: Bill Dinneen (1-0)   L: Sam Leever (0-1)
HR: BOS – Patsy Dougherty 2 (2)

Game 3

A crowd overflows the playing field prior to Game 3 of the 1903 World Series

October 3: Huntington Avenue Grounds, Boston, Massachusetts

Deacon Phillippe, pitching on only one day rest, started Game 3 for the Pirates, and did not let them down as he pitched his second complete game victory of the series to put the Pirates up two games to one.

Team	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	R	H	E
Pittsburgh	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	1	0	4	7	0
Boston	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	2	4	2
W: Deacon Phillippe (2-0)   L: Tom Hughes (0-1)

Game 4

October 6: Exposition Park, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

After two days of rest, Deacon Phillippe was ready to pitch his second straight game. He threw his third complete game victory of the series against Bill Dinneen, who was pitching in his second start of the series. However, Phillippe's second straight victory was almost not to be, as the Americans, down 5-1 in the top of the ninth, staged a rally to bring the game within one. The comeback attempt failed, though, as Phillippe managed to put an end to it and give the Pirates a commanding 3-1 series lead.

Team	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	R	H	E
Boston	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	3	4	9	1
Pittsburgh	1	0	0	0	1	0	3	0	X	5	12	1
W: Deacon Phillippe (3-0)   L: Bill Dinneen (1-1)

Game 5

October 7: Exposition Park , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Game 5 was a pitcher's duel for the first five innings, with Boston's Cy Young and Pittsburgh's Brickyard Kennedy giving up no runs. That changed at the top of the sixth, however, when the Americans scored a then-record 6 runs that inning. Young, on the other hand, managed to keep his shutout intact before finally giving up a pair of runs in the bottom of the eighth. He went the distance and struck out four for his first World Series win.

Team	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	R	H	E
Boston	0	0	0	0	0	6	4	1	0	11	13	2
Pittsburgh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	2	6	4
W: Cy Young (1-1)   L: Brickyard Kennedy (0-1)

Game 6

October 8: Exposition Park, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Game 6 featured a rematch between the starters of Game 2, Bill Dinneen (Boston) and Sam Leever (Pittsburgh). This time, Leever would pitch the entire game, but despite throwing a complete game he was outmatched by Dinneen, who ended up with his second complete game victory of the series. After losing three of the first four games of the World Series, the underdog Boston Americans had tied the series at three games apiece.

Team	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	R	H	E
Boston	0	0	3	0	2	0	1	0	0	6	10	1
Pittsburgh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	10	3
W: Bill Dinneen (2-1)  L: Sam Leever (0-2)

Game 7

October 10: Exposition Park, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

The fourth and final game in Pittsburgh saw Deacon Phillippe start his fourth game of the series for Pittsburgh. This time, however, he wouldn't fare as well as he did in his first three starts. Cy Young, pitching in his third start of the series, would face a much more favorable fate, holding the Pirates to only three runs.

Team	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	R	H	E
Boston	2	0	0	2	0	2	0	1	0	7	11	4
Pittsburgh	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	3	10	3
WP: Cy Young (2-1)  LP: Deacon Phillippe (3-1)

Game 8

October 13: Huntington Avenue Grounds, Boston, Massachusetts

The final game of the inaugural World Series started out as an intense pitcher's duel, with no runs being scored until the fourth inning - when a Hobe Ferris single scored two runners. Deacon Phillippe started his fifth and final game of the series, while Bill Dinneen started his fourth game of the series. As he did in Game 2, Dinneen threw a complete game shutout while striking out seven, leading the Boston Americans to victory, while Phillippe, who also threw a respectable game, just couldn't pitch at Dinneen's level due to wearing out his arm in the series (as a result of playing so many games in such a short time span) and gave up three runs in the defeat. Honus Wagner struck out to end the Series.

Team	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	R	H	E
Pittsburgh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	3
Boston	0	0	0	2	0	1	0	0	X	3	8	0
W: Bill Dinneen (3-1)  L: Deacon Phillippe (3-2)

Composite Box

1903 World Series (5-3): Boston Pilgrims (A.L.) over Pittsburgh Pirates (N.L.)

Team	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	R	H	E
Boston Pilgrims	4	0	3	5	3	10	7	3	4	39	71	14
Pittsburgh Pirates	5	1	3	2	1	1	7	3	1	24	64	19
Total Attendance: 100,420   Average Attendance: 12,553
Winning Player’s Share: – $1,182   Losing Player’s Share – $1,316

External links

• 1903 World Series at Baseball-Reference.com
• 1903 World Series at WorldSeries.com (MLB.com)
• 1903 World Series at Baseball-Almanac.com
• 1903 World Series box scores and play-by-play at Retrosheet.org

Reference(s)

Neft, David S., and Richard M. Cohen. The World Series. 1st ed. New York: St Martins, 1990. (Neft and Cohen 3-8)