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'''Red Storm''' is a [[supercomputer]] architecture designed for the US Department of Energy’s
'''Red Storm''' is a [[supercomputer]] architecture designed for the US Department of Energy’s
National Nuclear Security Administration [[Advanced Simulation and Computing Program]].
National Nuclear Security Administration [[Advanced Simulation and Computing Program]].
[[Cray, Inc]] developed it based on the contracted architectural specifications provided
[[Cray, Inc]] developed it based on the contracted architectural specifications provided
by [[Sandia National Laboratories]].<ref>{{cite pressrelease
by [[Sandia National Laboratories]].<ref>{{cite pressrelease
| url = http://www.sandia.gov/ASC/pubs_pres/pubs/RS_flyer.pdf
| url = http://www.sandia.gov/ASC/pubs_pres/pubs/RS_flyer.pdf
Line 9: Line 9:
| date = 2004-06
| date = 2004-06
| accessdate = 2009-08-11
| accessdate = 2009-08-11
}}</ref> The architecture was later commercially produced as the
}}</ref> The architecture was later commercially produced as the
[[Cray XT3]].<ref>{{cite pressrelease
[[Cray XT3]].<ref>{{cite pressrelease
| url = http://www.sandia.gov/news-center/news-releases/2004/comp-soft-math/redstormrising.html
| url = http://www.sandia.gov/news-center/news-releases/2004/comp-soft-math/redstormrising.html
Line 15: Line 15:
| date = 2004-07-27
| date = 2004-07-27
| accessdate = 2009-08-11
| accessdate = 2009-08-11
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Red Storm is a partitioned, space shared, tightly coupled, [[massively parallel]] processing machine with a high performance 3D mesh network. The processors are commodity [[AMD]] [[Opteron]] CPUs with off-the-shelf memory [[DIMM]]s. The NIC/router combination, called SeaStar, is the only custom [[ASIC]] component in the system and uses a [[PowerPC 400#PowerPC 440|PowerPC 440]] based core. When deployed in 2005, Red Storm’s initial configuration consisted of 10,880 single-core 2.0 GHz Opterons, of which 10,368 were dedicated for scientific calculations. The remaining 512 Opterons were used to service the computations and also provide the user interface to the system and run a version of [[Linux]]. This initial installation consisted of 140 cabinets, taking up {{convert|280|m2}} of floor space.
Red Storm is a partitioned, space shared, tightly coupled, [[massively parallel]] processing machine with a high performance 3D mesh network. The processors are commodity [[AMD]] [[Opteron]] CPUs with off-the-shelf memory [[DIMM]]s. The NIC/router combination, called SeaStar, is the only custom [[ASIC]] component in the system and uses a [[PowerPC 400#PowerPC 440|PowerPC 440]] based core. When deployed in 2005, Red Storm’s initial configuration consisted of 10,880 single-core 2.0&nbsp;GHz Opterons, of which 10,368 were dedicated for scientific calculations. The remaining 512 Opterons were used to service the computations and also provide the user interface to the system and run a version of [[Linux]]. This initial installation consisted of 140 cabinets, taking up {{convert|280|m2}} of floor space.


The Red Storm supercomputer was designed to be highly scalable from a single cabinet to hundreds of cabinets and has been scaled-up twice. In 2006 the system was upgraded to 2.4 GHz [[Dual-Core]] Opterons. An additional fifth row of computer cabinets were also brought online resulting in over 26,000 processor cores. This resulted in a peak performance of 124.4 teraflops, or 101.4 running the [[Linpack]] [[Benchmark (computing)|benchmark]].<ref>{{cite pressrelease
The Red Storm supercomputer was designed to be highly scalable from a single cabinet to hundreds of cabinets and has been scaled-up twice. In 2006 the system was upgraded to 2.4&nbsp;GHz [[Dual-Core]] Opterons. An additional fifth row of computer cabinets were also brought online resulting in over 26,000 processor cores. This resulted in a peak performance of 124.4 teraflops, or 101.4 running the [[Linpack]] [[Benchmark (computing)|benchmark]].<ref>{{cite pressrelease
| url = http://www.sandia.gov/news/resources/releases/2006/red-storm.html
| url = http://www.sandia.gov/news/resources/releases/2006/red-storm.html
| title = Red Storm upgrade lifts Sandia supercomputer to 2nd in world, but 1st in scalability, say researchers
| title = Red Storm upgrade lifts Sandia supercomputer to 2nd in world, but 1st in scalability, say researchers
| date = 2006-11-14
| date = 2006-11-14
| accessdate = 2009-08-11
| accessdate = 2009-08-11
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
A second major upgrade in 2008 introduced [[Cray XT4]] technology: [[Quad-core]] Opteron
A second major upgrade in 2008 introduced [[Cray XT4]] technology: [[Quad-core]] Opteron
processors and an increase in memory to 2 GB per core. This resulted in a peak theoretical
processors and an increase in memory to 2 GB per core. This resulted in a peak theoretical
performance of 284 teraflops.<ref>{{cite pressrelease
performance of 284 teraflops.<ref>{{cite pressrelease
| url = http://investors.cray.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=98390&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1104852
| url = http://investors.cray.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=98390&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1104852
| title = Cray and Sandia Announce Agreement to Upgrade "Red Storm" Supercomputer to 284 Teraflops
| title = Cray and Sandia Announce Agreement to Upgrade "Red Storm" Supercomputer to 284 Teraflops
| date = Feb 06, 2008-02-06
| date = February 06, 2008-02-06
| accessdate = 2009-08-11
| accessdate = 2009-08-11
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


[[Top 500]] performance ranking for Red Storm after each upgrade:
[[Top 500]] performance ranking for Red Storm after each upgrade:
* November 2005: Rank 6 (36.19 TFLOPS) <ref>{{cite web
* November 2005: Rank 6 (36.19 TFLOPS) <ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.top500.org/lists/2005/11
| url = http://www.top500.org/lists/2005/11
| title = Top 500 rankings for Nov 2005
| title = Top 500 rankings for Nov 2005
Line 41: Line 41:
| accessdate = 2009-08-11
| accessdate = 2009-08-11
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* November 2006: Rank 2 (101.4 TFLOPS) <ref>{{cite web
* November 2006: Rank 2 (101.4 TFLOPS) <ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.top500.org/lists/2006/11
| url = http://www.top500.org/lists/2006/11
| title = Top 500 rankings for Nov 2006
| title = Top 500 rankings for Nov 2006
Line 47: Line 47:
| accessdate = 2009-08-11
| accessdate = 2009-08-11
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* November 2008: Rank 9 (204.2 TFLOPS) <ref>{{cite web
* November 2008: Rank 9 (204.2 TFLOPS) <ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.top500.org/lists/2008/11
| url = http://www.top500.org/lists/2008/11
| title = Top 500 rankings for Nov 2008
| title = Top 500 rankings for Nov 2008
Line 54: Line 54:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Red Storm is intended for capability computing. That is, a single application can be run on
Red Storm is intended for capability computing. That is, a single application can be run on
the entire system. This is in contrast to cluster-style capacity computing, in which portions
the entire system. This is in contrast to cluster-style capacity computing, in which portions
of a cluster are assigned to run different applications. The performance of the memory
of a cluster are assigned to run different applications. The performance of the memory
subsystem, the processor, and the network must be in proper balance to achieve adequate
subsystem, the processor, and the network must be in proper balance to achieve adequate
application progress across the entire machine. System software plays a key role as well. The [[Portals network programming api|Portals network programming API]] is used to ensure inter-processor communication can scale as large as the entire system, and has been used on many different supercomputers, including the [[Intel Teraflops]] and [[Intel Paragon|Paragon]]. The compute processors use a custom lightweight kernel operating system named Catamount, which is based on the operating system of [[ASCI Red]] called [[SUNMOS|"Cougar"]].<ref>{{cite pressrelease
application progress across the entire machine. System software plays a key role as well. The [[Portals network programming api|Portals network programming API]] is used to ensure inter-processor communication can scale as large as the entire system, and has been used on many different supercomputers, including the [[Intel Teraflops]] and [[Intel Paragon|Paragon]]. The compute processors use a custom lightweight kernel operating system named Catamount, which is based on the operating system of [[ASCI Red]] called [[SUNMOS|"Cougar"]].<ref>{{cite pressrelease
| url = http://www.sandia.gov/ASC/pubs-media/pubs/ASC_factsheet_RS_2008.pdf
| url = http://www.sandia.gov/ASC/pubs-media/pubs/ASC_factsheet_RS_2008.pdf
Line 66: Line 66:


==References==
==References==

<references/>
<references/>


{{Cray computers}}
{{Cray computers}}

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{{compu-hardware-stub}}
{{Uncategorized stub|date=September 2010}}


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{{Compu-hardware-stub}}


[[de:Red Storm]]
[[de:Red Storm]]

Revision as of 01:33, 25 September 2010

For other uses, see Red Storm (disambiguation).

Red Storm is a supercomputer architecture designed for the US Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration Advanced Simulation and Computing Program. Cray, Inc developed it based on the contracted architectural specifications provided by Sandia National Laboratories.[1] The architecture was later commercially produced as the Cray XT3.[2]

Red Storm is a partitioned, space shared, tightly coupled, massively parallel processing machine with a high performance 3D mesh network. The processors are commodity AMD Opteron CPUs with off-the-shelf memory DIMMs. The NIC/router combination, called SeaStar, is the only custom ASIC component in the system and uses a PowerPC 440 based core. When deployed in 2005, Red Storm’s initial configuration consisted of 10,880 single-core 2.0 GHz Opterons, of which 10,368 were dedicated for scientific calculations. The remaining 512 Opterons were used to service the computations and also provide the user interface to the system and run a version of Linux. This initial installation consisted of 140 cabinets, taking up 280 square metres (3,000 sq ft) of floor space.

The Red Storm supercomputer was designed to be highly scalable from a single cabinet to hundreds of cabinets and has been scaled-up twice. In 2006 the system was upgraded to 2.4 GHz Dual-Core Opterons. An additional fifth row of computer cabinets were also brought online resulting in over 26,000 processor cores. This resulted in a peak performance of 124.4 teraflops, or 101.4 running the Linpack benchmark.[3] A second major upgrade in 2008 introduced Cray XT4 technology: Quad-core Opteron processors and an increase in memory to 2 GB per core. This resulted in a peak theoretical performance of 284 teraflops.[4]

Top 500 performance ranking for Red Storm after each upgrade:

  • November 2005: Rank 6 (36.19 TFLOPS) [5]
  • November 2006: Rank 2 (101.4 TFLOPS) [6]
  • November 2008: Rank 9 (204.2 TFLOPS) [7]

Red Storm is intended for capability computing. That is, a single application can be run on the entire system. This is in contrast to cluster-style capacity computing, in which portions of a cluster are assigned to run different applications. The performance of the memory subsystem, the processor, and the network must be in proper balance to achieve adequate application progress across the entire machine. System software plays a key role as well. The Portals network programming API is used to ensure inter-processor communication can scale as large as the entire system, and has been used on many different supercomputers, including the Intel Teraflops and Paragon. The compute processors use a custom lightweight kernel operating system named Catamount, which is based on the operating system of ASCI Red called "Cougar".[8]

References

  1. ^ "Red Storm 2004 fact sheet" (PDF) (Press release). 2004-06. Retrieved 2009-08-11. {{cite press release}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ "Sandia Red Storm press release" (Press release). 2004-07-27. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
  3. ^ "Red Storm upgrade lifts Sandia supercomputer to 2nd in world, but 1st in scalability, say researchers" (Press release). 2006-11-14. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
  4. ^ "Cray and Sandia Announce Agreement to Upgrade "Red Storm" Supercomputer to 284 Teraflops" (Press release). February 06, 2008-02-06. Retrieved 2009-08-11. {{cite press release}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ "Top 500 rankings for Nov 2005". 2005-11. Retrieved 2009-08-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ "Top 500 rankings for Nov 2006". 2006-11. Retrieved 2009-08-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ "Top 500 rankings for Nov 2008". 2008-11. Retrieved 2009-08-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ "Red Storm 2008 fact sheet" (PDF) (Press release). 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-11.


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