Lakandula: Difference between revisions
Split lead, created new section specifically about the name and title |
→Descendants: shorter version, removed material from the Revolt of the Lakans article |
||
| Line 95: | Line 95: | ||
== Descendants == |
== Descendants == |
||
Lakandula was the most prolific of Luzon's ancient rulers. His descendants are spread out all across the Kapampangan Region during the Spanish colonial era.<ref name="Santiago"/> He fathered at least four sons, namely '''Don Dionisio Capulong''', the Datu of [[Candaba]], '''Don Phelipe Salonga''', the Datu of Pulu, '''Magat Salamat''', the Datu of Tondo and '''Don Martin Lakandula''' who entered the Agustinian order as a lay brother in 1590.<ref name="Santiago"/> He had one daughter by the name of Doña Maria Poloin who married Don Alonso Talabos. |
|||
Lakandula's sons and nephews were after implicated in the [[Revolt of the Lakans]] of 1588, a conspiracy meant to overthrow Spanish that was spearheaded by the former ruling class of the defeated Luzon Empire. His son Magat Salamat was executed by the Spanish authorities while the rest were executed. |
|||
In 1587, his sons Magat Salamat, Dionisio Capulong and Phelipe Salonga, along with his nephew Augustin de Legazpi and the lords of [[Pandacan, Manila|Pandacan]], [[Marikina]], [[Navotas]] and [[Bulacan]] participated in what has since been called the "[[Conspiracy of the Maharlikas|revolt of the Lakans]]" and were all punished by the Spanish authorities. Augustin de Legazpi was hanged and his head cut off and exposed on the gibbet in an iron cage. His properties were seized by the Spanish authorities and his lands plowed and [[salting the earth|sown with salt]] so that they would remain barren. Dionisio Capulong, then Datu of Candaba, was exiled from his town and paid a heavy fine. Governor-General de Vera eventually pardoned him. Later, he served as a guide and interpreter for two Spanish expeditions into Igorot country in 1591 and 1594. Felipe Salonga, then chief of Polo, was exiled to Mexico and was thus one of the very first Filipinos to settle in there. Wenceslao E. Retana relates that "Magat Salamat was condemned to death. His goods were to be employed for erection of the new fortress of this city (Manila). He appealed to the royal Audiencia, but the case was remitted to the governor, in order that justice might be done- except that the goods were to be set aside for the treasury. The sentence was executed."<ref name="Santiago">{{Cite web |
|||
|url=http://www.philjol.info/index.php/MALAY/article/viewFile/80/77 |
|||
|title=Isang Maikling Kasaysayan ng Pandacan, Maynila 1589-1898 |
|||
|author=Fernando A. Santiago Jr. |
|||
|accessdate=2008-07-18}}</ref><ref name="Tomas">{{Cite web |
|||
|url=http://www.geocities.com/sinupan/magatsalamat.htm |
|||
|title=Magat Salamat |
|||
|author=Tomas L. |
|||
|accessdate=2008-07-14|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071212002729/http://www.geocities.com/sinupan/magatsalamat.htm|archivedate=2007-12-12}}</ref> |
|||
| ⚫ | Learning from this experience, his great grandson Don Juan Macapagal, Master-of-Camp and Datu of Arayat, aided the Spanish authorities in suppressing the 1660 Kapampangan Revolt of Don Francisco Maniago and the Pangasinan Revolt of Don Andres Malong, and the 1661 Ilocano Revolt. Because of his service to the Spanish crown, the Spanish authorities revived the special privileges offered by the Spanish crown to Lakandula and his descendants spread across the province of [[Pampanga]].<ref name=Santiago /> A Gremio de Lakandulas was created in 1758 to safeguard the rights and privileges of the [[Kapampangan people|Kapampangan]] descendants of Lakandula.<ref name="Santiago"/> During the British invasion of 1762-64, the descendants of Lakandula, now concentrated in the province of Pampanga, formed a company of volunteers to fight the British and were granted autonomy by Governor General Simon de Anda.<ref name="Santiago"/> |
||
A grandson of Lakan Dula, a [[mestizo]] by the name of David Dula y Goiti, escaped the persecution of the descendants of Lakan Dula by settling in Isla de Batag, [[Northern Samar]] and settled in a place now called Candawid.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.dar.gov.ph/northernsamar/places_of_interest.html | title=Department of Agrarian Reform Provincial Office of Northern Samar | publisher=google.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://pia.gov.ph/default.asp?m=12&sec=reader&rp=1&fi=p070828.htm&no=7&date=08/28/2007 | title=Commentary Remembering the seldom-remembered heroes | publisher=PIA Information Services - Philippine Information Agency | accessdate=2007-08-28}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> He was imprisoned by Spanish soldiers in Palapag and was executed together with several followers. They were charged of treason with planning to attack the Spanish settlement. |
|||
Prominent Lakandula descendants of the 20th century include the former Philippine President [[Diosdado Macapagal]], father of President [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]], former Philippine Senate President [[Jovito Salonga]], pioneer Filipino industrialist [[Gonzalo Puyat]], former Philippine Senate President [[Gil Puyat]] and international stage celebrity [[Lea Salonga]].<ref name="Santiago"/> |
|||
The current David Dulay descendants are the children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren of Petre, Hilario father of Eleuterio Dulay, Sr. of Laoang, N. Samar and a mayor for more than 20 years during the Marcos Regime died of heart ailment. The other descendants are those carrying the surname Dula related to Councilor Rufo Dula. |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
During the Spanish times, the family of Lakandula opposed to the Spaniards with regards to changing the surnames. Instead to Lakandula, they decided to replace "Lakan" with "Gat" that means "lord". The title Gat was used by the people from the high society, including Gat Jose Rizal. |
|||
== Legacy == |
== Legacy == |
||
Revision as of 13:35, 26 May 2011
| Lakan Dula | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lakan (King) of Tondo. | |||||
| Reign | 1558 – 1571 | ||||
| Predecessor | Rajah Sulaiman I | ||||
| Successor | Rajah Sulaiman III | ||||
| Issue | Batang Dula Magat Salamat | ||||
| |||||
| House | Kingdom of Tondo | ||||
Banaw Lakan Dula (1503–1589), often referred to simply by his title Lakandula, and later baptized Carlos Lacandula, was the Lakan (ruler) of the pre-colonial Philippine Kingdom of Tondo when the Spaniards first conquered the lands of the Pasig River delta in the 1570s.[1] Another common variation of the name is Gatdula.[2] He is sometimes mistakenly referred to as Rajah Lakandula, but the terms Rajah and Lakan mean the same thing, making that variant of the name redundant.[1]
Along with Rajah Matanda and Rajah Sulayman,he was one of three Rajahs who played significant roles in the Spanish conquest of the kingdoms of the Pasig River delta, first by Martín de Goiti and Juan de Salcedo in 1570, and later by Miguel López de Legazpi in 1571.
Name and Title
Banaw was the Lakan's personal name[3][4], and "Lakandula" was the traditional title used for the monarchs of the Kingdom of Tondo.[5][4] In (Kapampangan, the word Lakan means "lord" and the word dula means "palace", such that the title literally meant "Lord of the Palace."[6]
In the Gatdula variant of the name, the word or prefix Gat is a shortened version of the (Tagalog honorific "Pamagat", which at the time meant "nobleman," such that the variant literally read "Nobleman of the Palace", which meant essentially the same thing as the Kapampangan version.[2]
With the term "Rajah" and "Lakan" meaning the same thing, the "Rajah Lakandula" variation of the title was also never used in the original sources pertaining to Lakandula, and Philippine historian and national artist for literature Nick Joaquin takes pains to point out that the term Lakan, not Rajah, was used by the rulers of the Kingdom of Tondo.[1]
Life
His name is written in the 1665 document by his great-grandson Juan Macapagal, the Datu (Lord) of Arayat:[7]
Don Carlos Lacandola, his great-grandfather, was Lord and principal of the town of Tondo and other surrounding towns, whose natives paid him tribute and vassalage and other recognition as their natural lord and when ships from China came to this bay, they similarly paid him duties and anchorage fees, he removed their sails and rudder for this purpose and took their merchandise by paying half its value at the time and the other half the next year, without any other natives being able to buy anything from the sangleyes but only from the said Lacandola, from which much profit, which he ceded at the coming of the Spaniards to these Islands, they collected the said tributes and duties for His Majesty.
Lakan Dula was involved in the annexation of his settlements which led to the foundation of the province of Pampanga. The Spaniards used him in pacifying the last independent settlements in Luzon which include Lubao and Betis. He helped the Spaniards in defending their settlements against the invasion of Chinese pirates led by Warlord Limahong.
Descendants
Lakandula was the most prolific of Luzon's ancient rulers. His descendants are spread out all across the Kapampangan Region during the Spanish colonial era.[8] He fathered at least four sons, namely Don Dionisio Capulong, the Datu of Candaba, Don Phelipe Salonga, the Datu of Pulu, Magat Salamat, the Datu of Tondo and Don Martin Lakandula who entered the Agustinian order as a lay brother in 1590.[8] He had one daughter by the name of Doña Maria Poloin who married Don Alonso Talabos.
Lakandula's sons and nephews were after implicated in the Revolt of the Lakans of 1588, a conspiracy meant to overthrow Spanish that was spearheaded by the former ruling class of the defeated Luzon Empire. His son Magat Salamat was executed by the Spanish authorities while the rest were executed.
Learning from this experience, his great grandson Don Juan Macapagal, Master-of-Camp and Datu of Arayat, aided the Spanish authorities in suppressing the 1660 Kapampangan Revolt of Don Francisco Maniago and the Pangasinan Revolt of Don Andres Malong, and the 1661 Ilocano Revolt. Because of his service to the Spanish crown, the Spanish authorities revived the special privileges offered by the Spanish crown to Lakandula and his descendants spread across the province of Pampanga.[8] A Gremio de Lakandulas was created in 1758 to safeguard the rights and privileges of the Kapampangan descendants of Lakandula.[8] During the British invasion of 1762-64, the descendants of Lakandula, now concentrated in the province of Pampanga, formed a company of volunteers to fight the British and were granted autonomy by Governor General Simon de Anda.[8]
Prominent Lakandula descendants of the 20th century include the former Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal, father of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, former Philippine Senate President Jovito Salonga, pioneer Filipino industrialist Gonzalo Puyat, former Philippine Senate President Gil Puyat and international stage celebrity Lea Salonga.[8]
Legacy
- The Order of Lakandula is one of the highest honors given by the Republic of the Philippines. It is an order of political and civic merit, awarded in memory of Lakandula’s dedication to the responsibilities of leadership, prudence, fortitude, courage and resolve in the service of one’s people.
- The BRP Rajah Lakandula (PF-4) was the a Destroyer Escort / Frigate and is the only ex-USN Edsall-class destroyer escort that served the Philippine Navy. She was also the flagship of the Philippine Navy from 1981 to 1988. Struck from the Navy List in 1988, she was still in use as stationary barracks ship in Subic Bay as of 1999.
- The Lakandula Elementary School and Lakandula High School were named after him.
See also
Publications
- Scott, William Henry, Barangay: Sixteenth-Century Philippine Culture and Society, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1994.
- Tolentino, Aurelio. 1914. Kasulatang Gintû. Manila: Imprenta y Litografia de Juan Fajardo.
References
- ^ a b c Joaqiun, Nick (1990). Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young. City of Manila: Anvil Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-9715693134.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ a b Scott, William Henry (1992). Looking for the Prehispanic Filipino. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. ISBN 971-10-0524-7.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Dery, Luis Camara (2001). A History of the Inarticulate. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. ISBN 971-10-1069-0.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ a b Scott, William Henry (1994). Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 971-550-135-4.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Inarticulatewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Tolentino, Aurelio. 1914. Kasulatang Gintû. Manila: Imprenta y Litografia de Juan Fajardo.
- ^ Santiago, Luciano P.R., The Houses of Lakandula, Matanda, and Soliman [1571-1898]:Genealogy and Group Identity, Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society 18 [1990].
- ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference
Santiagowas invoked but never defined (see the help page).