Santa Fe de Nuevo México: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox former subdivision |
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|native_name = Santa Fe de Nuevo México |
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<!-- See the Table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> |
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|conventional_long_name = |
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<!-- Basic info ----------------> |
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|common_name = Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico <!-- no accents on common_name, for category sorting --> |
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|name = <!--Territory of--> Santa Fe de Nuevo México<br/>province—territory |
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|other_name = Santa Fe of New Mexico |
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|image_flag = Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg |
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|native_name = |
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|flag_type = Flag of New Spain |
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|nickname = |
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|flag = Cross of Burgundy |
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|settlement_type =[[Territory (administrative division)|Territory]] |
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|image_coat = Bandera Histórica de la República Mexicana (1824-1918).svg |
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|motto = |
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|symbol_type = Flag of the Mexican Republic |
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|currency = [[Spanish colonial real]] |
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|symbol = Flag of Mexico |
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<!-- images and maps -----------> |
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|image_map = Santa Fe of New Mexico (location map scheme).svg |
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|image_skyline = |
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|image_map_caption = |
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|imagesize = |
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|image_caption = |
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|subdivision = Territory |
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|image_flag = |
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|nation = Mexico |
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|flag_size = 145px |
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|status_text = Province of the [[New Spain|Viceroyalty of New Spain]] <small>(to 1821)</small>,<br/>Territory of the [[First Mexican Empire]] <small>(1821–23)</small>,<br/>Territory of the [[First Mexican Republic]] <small>(thereafter)</small> |
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|image_seal = |
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|government_type = <!-- To generate categories: "Monarchy", "Republic", etc. to generate categories --> |
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|seal_size = |
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|era = <!-- Use: "Napoleonic Wars", "Cold War", etc. --> |
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|image_shield = |
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|year_start = 1598 |
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|shield_size = |
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|year_end = 1848 |
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|city_logo = |
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|life_span = 1598–1848{{smallsup|a}} |
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|citylogo_size = |
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|today = {{USA}}<br/>- {{flag|New Mexico}}<br/>- {{flag|Texas}}<br/>- {{flag|Colorado}}<br/>- {{flag|Kansas}}<br/>- {{flag|Oklahoma}} |
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|image_map = Santa Fe of New Mexico (location map scheme).svg |
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|mapsize = 250px |
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|title_leader = [[List of Spanish governors of New Mexico|Spanish governors]] |
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|map_caption = |
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|leader1 = [[Juan de Oñate]] |
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|image_map1 = |
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|year_leader1 = 1598–1610 (first) |
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|mapsize1 = |
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|leader2 = [[Facundo Melgares]] |
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|map_caption1 = |
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|year_leader2 = 1818–1822 (last) |
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|image_dot_map = |
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|title_deputy = [[List of Mexican governors of New Mexico|Mexican governors]] |
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|dot_mapsize = |
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|deputy1 = [[Francisco Xavier Chávez]] |
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|dot_map_caption = |
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|year_deputy1 = July – Nov. 1822 (first) |
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|dot_x = |dot_y = |
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|deputy2 = [[Juan Bautista Vigil y Alarid]] |
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|pushpin_map = <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |
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|year_deputy2 = August – Sept. 1846 (last) |
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|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |
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|pushpin_map_caption = |
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|legislature = <!-- Name of legislature --> |
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|pushpin_mapsize = |
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|house1 = <!-- Name of first chamber --> |
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<!-- Location ------------------> |
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|house2 = <!-- Name of second chamber --> |
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|subdivision_type = Country |
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|type_house1 = <!-- Default: "Upper house" --> |
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|subdivision_name = |
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|type_house2 = <!-- Default: "Lower house" --> |
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|subdivision_type1 = Capital |
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|subdivision_name1 = [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]] |
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|capital = [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]] |
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|subdivision_type2 = |
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|latd=35 |latm=40 |latNS=N |longd=105 |longm=57.9 |longEW=W |
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|subdivision_name2 = |
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|currency = {{Plainlist}} |
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|subdivision_type3 = |
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* [[Spanish colonial real]] |
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|subdivision_name3 = |
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* [[Mexican real]] |
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|subdivision_type4 = |
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{{Endplainlist}} |
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|subdivision_name4 = |
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| |
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<!-- Politics -----------------> |
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|event_start = [[Spanish missions in New Mexico|Spanish missions in New Mexico]] |
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|government_footnotes = |
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|date_start = <!-- Optional: Date of establishment--> |
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|government_type = |
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|event1 = [[Mexican War of Independence|Mexican Independence]] |
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|leader_title =First Spanish Governor |
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|date_event1 = 1821 |
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|leader_name = [[Juan de Oñate]] |
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|event2 = [[Texas Declaration of Independence|Texian Independence]]{{smallsup|b}}<!-- sic: The Republic of Texas was populated by Texians; the State of Texas is populated by Texans, without the extra "i" --> |
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|leader_title1 =Last Spanish Governor |
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|date_event2 = March 2, 1836 |
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|leader_name1 = [[Facundo Melgares]] |
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|event3 = Mexican–American War |
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|leader_title2 =First Mexican Governor |
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|date_event3 = from April 25, 1846 |
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|leader_name2 = [[Francisco Xavier Chávez]] |
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|event4 = Surrender to U.S. occupation [[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1846]] |
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|leader_title3 =Last Mexican Governor |
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|date_event4 = September 1846 |
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|leader_name3 =[[Juan Bautista Vigil y Alarid]] |
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|event_end = [[Mexican Cession]] |
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|leader_title4 = |
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|date_end = February 2, |
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|leader_name4 = |
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|event_post = [[New Mexico]] statehood |
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|date_post = January 6, 1912 |
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|established_date = 1598 |
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|established_title2 = [[Mexican War of Independence|Mexican Independence]] |
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|p1 = Puebloan peoples |
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|established_date2 = 1821 |
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|image_p1 = [[File:Flag placeholder.svg|20x22px|alt=|link=]] |
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|established_title3 = [[Mexican Cession]] |
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|s1 = Republic of Texas |
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|established_date3 = 1848 |
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|flag_s1 = Flag of the Republic of Texas (1836-1839).svg |
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|established_title4 = [[New Mexico|Statehood]] |
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|s2 = United States |
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|established_date4 = 1912 |
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|flag_s2 = US 29 Star Diamond Pattern Flag.svg |
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<!-- Area ---------------------> |
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|area_magnitude = |
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|stat_year1 = <!-- year of the statistic, specify either area, population or both, numbered 1–5 --> |
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|unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |
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|stat_area1 = <!-- area in square kilometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated --> |
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|area_footnotes = |
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|stat_pop1 = <!-- population (w/o commas or spaces), population density is calculated if area is also given --> |
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|area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |
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| |
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|area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |
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|footnotes = a: While the Mexican territory theoretically existed until the [[Mexican Cession]] under the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]] on February 2, 1848, the [[New Mexico Territory]] had been annexed under U.S. military occupation in September 1846, after the surrender by Mexican interim governor [[Juan Bautista Vigil y Alarid]] to General [[Stephen W. Kearny]].<br/> |
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|area_water_km2 = |
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b: The [[Republic of Texas]] claimed sparsely-populated territories that were ''[[de jure]]'' part of Santa Fe de Nuevo México and of [[Chihuahua]], as well as territories of [[Coahuila y Tejas]] that are now part of Mexican [[Coahuila]]. |
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|area_total_sq_mi = |
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|area_land_sq_mi = |
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|area_water_sq_mi = |
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|area_water_percent = |
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|area_urban_km2 = |
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|area_urban_sq_mi = |
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|area_metro_km2 = |
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|area_metro_sq_mi = |
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|area_blank1_title = |
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|area_blank1_km2 = |
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|area_blank1_sq_mi = |
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<!-- Population -----------------------> |
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|population_as_of =1847 |
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|population_footnotes = |
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|population_note = |
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|population_total = ~ |
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|population_density_km2 = |
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|population_density_sq_mi = |
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|population_metro = |
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|population_density_metro_km2 = |
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|population_density_metro_sq_mi = |
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|population_urban = |
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|population_density_urban_km2 = |
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|population_density_urban_sq_mi = |
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|population_blank1_title = |
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|population_blank1 = |
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|population_density_blank1_km2 = |
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|population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |
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<!-- General information ---------------> |
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| timezone = |
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| utc_offset = |
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| timezone_DST = |
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| utc_offset_DST = |
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|latd= |latm= |lats= |latNS= |
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|longd= |longm= |longs= |longEW= |
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|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |
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|elevation_m = |
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|elevation_ft = |
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<!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |
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|postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |
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|postal_code = |
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|area_code = |
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|blank_name = |
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|blank_info = |
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|blank1_name = |
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|blank1_info = |
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|blank2_name = |
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|blank2_info = |
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|blank3_name = |
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|blank3_info = |
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|website = |
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|footnotes = |
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|today= {{Flag|United States}} |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Santa Fe de Nuevo México''' ({{lang-en|Santa Fe [Holy Faith] of New Mexico}}; shortened as '''Nuevo México''' or '''Nuevo Méjico''', and translated as '''New Mexico''') was a [[province]] of the [[New Spain|Viceroyalty of New Spain]], and later a [[territory (geographic region)|territory]] of independent [[Mexico]]. |
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'''Santa Fe de Nuevo México''' ({{lang-en|Santa Fe/Holy Faith of New Mexico}}; shortened as '''Nuevo México''' or '''Nuevo Méjico''', and translated as '''New Mexico''') was a [[province]] of the [[New Spain|Viceroyalty of New Spain]], and later a [[territory (administrative division)|territory]] of independent [[Mexico]]. |
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It existed from the late 16th century through the mid-19th century to 1848. |
It existed from the late 16th century through the mid-19th century to 1848. |
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Revision as of 20:06, 21 June 2015
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (July 2011) |
| Santa Fe de Nuevo México | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province of the Viceroyalty of New Spain (to 1821), Territory of the First Mexican Empire (1821–23), Territory of the First Mexican Republic (thereafter) | |||||||||||
| 1598–1848a | |||||||||||
.svg) | |||||||||||
| Capital | Santa Fe | ||||||||||
| Government | |||||||||||
| Spanish governors | |||||||||||
• 1598–1610 (first) | Juan de Oñate | ||||||||||
• 1818–1822 (last) | Facundo Melgares | ||||||||||
| Mexican governors | |||||||||||
• July – Nov. 1822 (first) | Francisco Xavier Chávez | ||||||||||
• August – Sept. 1846 (last) | Juan Bautista Vigil y Alarid | ||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
| 1598 | |||||||||||
| 1821 | |||||||||||
| March 2, 1836 | |||||||||||
• Mexican–American War | from April 25, 1846 | ||||||||||
• Surrender to U.S. occupation | September 1846 | ||||||||||
| February 2, 1848 | |||||||||||
• New Mexico statehood | January 6, 1912 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Today part of |  United States-  New Mexico-  Texas-  Colorado-  Kansas-  Oklahoma | ||||||||||
| a: While the Mexican territory theoretically existed until the Mexican Cession under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo on February 2, 1848, the New Mexico Territory had been annexed under U.S. military occupation in September 1846, after the surrender by Mexican interim governor Juan Bautista Vigil y Alarid to General Stephen W. Kearny. b: The Republic of Texas claimed sparsely-populated territories that were de jure part of Santa Fe de Nuevo México and of Chihuahua, as well as territories of Coahuila y Tejas that are now part of Mexican Coahuila. | |||||||||||
.svg){kind=small}
Santa Fe de Nuevo México (English: Santa Fe [Holy Faith] of New Mexico; shortened as Nuevo México or Nuevo Méjico, and translated as New Mexico) was a province of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, and later a territory of independent Mexico.
It existed from the late 16th century through the mid-19th century to 1848.
Geography
Nuevo México was centered on the upper valley of the Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte), in an area that included most of the present-day U.S. state of New Mexico. It had variably defined borders, extending into the present-day U.S. states of western Texas, southern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, and the Oklahoma panhandle, although actual settlements centered around Santa Fe. For all but a few years of its existence, its capital was Santa Fe.
History
Spanish colonial province
- 16th century
The Nuevo México Province was founded in 1598 by Juan de Oñate during his expedition northward from New Spain; he established a settlement near Ohkay Oweenge Pueblo. The expedition had been authorized by King Philip II. The Spanish believed that cities of gold, such as the ones of the Aztecs, whom they had previously conquered, lay to the north in the unexplored territory. Oñate was unable to find such cities, however, he embarked on the cruel conquest and enslavement of the "urbanized" Puebloan peoples.
Oñate was the first governor of the Nuevo México Province from 1598 to 1610. He hoped to make it a separate viceroyalty from New Spain, but failed.
- 17th century
Most of the Spanish missions in Nuevo México were established during the 17th century.
After the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, the Spanish were expelled from Nuevo México for 12 years. They returned in 1692, after the "bloodless" reoccupation of Santa Fe by Diego de Vargas. The province became under the jurisdiction of the Real Audiencia of Guadalajara, with oversight by the Viceroy of New Spain.
- 18th century
In 1777, with the creation of the Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas, the Nuevo México Province was removed from the oversight of the Viceroy and placed solely in the jurisdiction of the Commandant General of the Provincias Internas.
Mexican territory
The province remained in Spanish control until Mexico's declaration of independence in 1821. Under the 1824 Constitution of Mexico, it became the federally administered Territory of New Mexico.
The part of the former province east of the Rio Grande was claimed by the Republic of Texas which won its independence in 1836. This claim that was disputed by Mexico. In 1841, the Texans sent the Texan Santa Fe Expedition, ostensibly for trade but with hopes of occupying the claimed area, but the expedition was captured by Mexican troops.[1]
American territory
The United States inherited the unenforced claim to the east bank with the Texas Annexation in 1845. The U.S. Army under Stephen Kearny occupied the territory in 1846 during the Mexican-American War and Mexico recognized its loss to the United States in 1848 with the Mexican Cession in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Texas continued to claim the eastern part, but never succeeded in establishing control except in El Paso. However, in the Compromise of 1850 Texas accepted $10 million in exchange for its claim to areas within and north of the present boundaries of New Mexico and the Texas panhandle.[2]
In 1849, President Zachary Taylor proposed that New Mexico immediately become a state to sidestep political conflict over slavery in the territories, but it did not become a state until January 1912.
See also
- Spanish governors of New Mexico
- Spanish missions in New Mexico
- History of New Mexico
- New Mexico Territory
- Neomexicanos
References
- ^ Carroll, H. Bailey. "Texan Santa Fe Expedition". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
- ^ Griffin, Roger A. "Compromise of 1850". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
- States and territories disestablished in 1846
- States and territories established in 1598
- States and territories disestablished in 1848
- Colonial New Mexico
- New Spain
- Colonial Mexico
- Colonial United States (Spanish)
- Former states of Mexico
- Independent Mexico
- Pre-statehood history of New Mexico
- Pre-statehood history of Texas
- Pre-statehood history of Colorado
- Pre-statehood history of Kansas
- Pre-statehood history of Oklahoma
- 16th century in New Mexico
- 17th century in New Mexico
- 18th century in New Mexico