Iris cuniculiformis: Difference between revisions
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===Biochemistry=== |
===Biochemistry=== |
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In 2006, 13 species of Iris in China, including ''[[Iris japonica]]'', ''[[Iris wattii]]'' and ''Iris cuniculiformis'' were studied for a [[cytological]] analysis of the [[chromosome]] counts.<ref name=karyotype>{{cite journal |last=Shen |first=Yun-Guang |last2=Wang |first2=Zhong-Lang |last3=Guan |first3=Kai-Yun |date=2007 |title=Karyotypes of thirteen species of Iris L. from China |url=http://www.plantsystematics.com/qikan/epaper/zhaiyao.asp?bsid=15177 |journal=Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica |publisher= |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=601–618 |doi=10.1360/aps06064 |accessdate=20 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Shen |first=Yun-Guang |last2=Wang |first2=Zhong-Lang |last3=Guan |first3=Kai-Yun |date=2007 |title=Karyotypes of thirteen species of Iris L. from China |url=http://europepmc.org/abstract/CBA/643302 |journal=Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica |publisher= |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=601–618 |doi= |accessdate=18 July 2015}}</ref> |
In 2006, 13 species of Iris in China, including ''[[Iris japonica]]'', ''[[Iris wattii]]'' and ''Iris cuniculiformis'' were studied for a [[cytological]] analysis of the [[chromosome]] counts.<ref name=karyotype>{{cite journal |last=Shen |first=Yun-Guang |last2=Wang |first2=Zhong-Lang |last3=Guan |first3=Kai-Yun |date=2007 |title=Karyotypes of thirteen species of Iris L. from China |url=http://www.plantsystematics.com/qikan/epaper/zhaiyao.asp?bsid=15177 |journal=Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica |publisher= |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=601–618 |doi=10.1360/aps06064 |accessdate=20 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Shen |first=Yun-Guang |last2=Wang |first2=Zhong-Lang |last3=Guan |first3=Kai-Yun |date=2007 |title=Karyotypes of thirteen species of Iris L. from China |url=http://europepmc.org/abstract/CBA/643302 |journal=Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica |publisher= |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=601–618 |doi= 10.1360/aps06064|accessdate=18 July 2015}}</ref> |
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In 2011, a study was carried out on various irises found in China. Including ''[[Iris tigridia]]'',''[[Iris bloudowii]]'' and ''Iris cuniculiformis''.<ref name=orris>{{cite journal |last=Xiaoying |first=Bi |last2=Chih |first2=Zhao Wei |last3=Yang |first3=Zheng |last4=Dongsheng |first4=Li |date=2011 |title=Orris root crude Chromosome technology and karyotyping |url=http://www.casb.org.cn/PublishRoot/casb/2011/13/2010-3585.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin |publisher= |volume=27 |issue=13 |pages=157–160 |doi= |accessdate=18 July 2015}}</ref> |
In 2011, a study was carried out on various irises found in China. Including ''[[Iris tigridia]]'',''[[Iris bloudowii]]'' and ''Iris cuniculiformis''.<ref name=orris>{{cite journal |last=Xiaoying |first=Bi |last2=Chih |first2=Zhao Wei |last3=Yang |first3=Zheng |last4=Dongsheng |first4=Li |date=2011 |title=Orris root crude Chromosome technology and karyotyping |url=http://www.casb.org.cn/PublishRoot/casb/2011/13/2010-3585.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin |publisher= |volume=27 |issue=13 |pages=157–160 |doi= |accessdate=18 July 2015}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 09:26, 6 June 2016
| Iris cuniculiformis | |
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| Scientific classification | |
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| Order: | |
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| Section: | Pseudoregelia
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| Species: | Iris cuniculiformis
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| Binomial name | |
| Iris cuniculiformis | |
| Synonyms | |
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Iris goniocarpa var. grossa Y.T.Zhao [1] | |
Iris cuniculiformis is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Pseudoregelia section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China, it has long and thin green leaves, and 1 lilac (or similar shade) large flowers, that have yellow or grey beards. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.
Description
It has very short upright rhizomes,[2][3] that are 1.5 cm long and 0.7 cm in diameter.[4] It has fibrous secondary roots underneath the rhizome.[4] It slowly forms dense clumps of plants.[2][3][4]
It has dull,[2] or dark green leaves,[3] that are 13.5–30 cm (5–12 in) long and 0.2-0.9 cm wide.[2][4] They are pointed at the apex (lanceolate-like),[4][5] and have inconspicuous veins.[2][4]
It has a slender stem, that can grow up to between 14–30 cm (6–12 in) tall.[4][6][7]
The stem has 2 or more, spathes or bracts (leaves of the flower bud),[2][4] they are 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long.[2][4] The spathes are green, elliptic (in shape),[2] and have a purple tinge at the base of the leaf.[4]
The stems hold 1 terminal (top of stem) flower,[2][3][4] blooming between May and July.[2][3][5] The flowers can survive for many days.[4]
The flowers are 6–7 cm (2–3 in) in diameter,[2][4][5] come in shades of lilac.[4] Including pinkish violet,[2][6] mauve,[8] purple,[3][7] lavender,[7] and blue-violet.[5][7][9] They are similar in colour to Iris sibirica flowers.[9]
It (like other irises) has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[10] The falls are 4.25–5.5 cm (2–2 in) long and 1.9 - 2.3 cm wide.[2][4] They have a yellow or grey beard, on a white signal patch.[2][3][4] On the edge of the petal, are purple or violet veins,[2][3][4] mottling or spots.[2][6] The standards are 3–4 cm (1–2 in) long and 1 - 1.2 cm wide.[2][4] They are slightly paler than the falls.[4][6]
It has a 2.8–3.3 cm (1–1 in) long and 1.6 cm wide style.[2][4] Which is similar in colour to the petals, but has pale margins.[4] It has a 1–2 cm long perianth tube, 1-1.4 cm long cream anthers,[2][4] and cream coloured pollen.[4]
After the iris has flowered, between June and August,[2] it produces a seed capsule and seeds. Which have not been described.[4]
Biochemistry
In 2006, 13 species of Iris in China, including Iris japonica, Iris wattii and Iris cuniculiformis were studied for a cytological analysis of the chromosome counts.[11][12]
In 2011, a study was carried out on various irises found in China. Including Iris tigridia,Iris bloudowii and Iris cuniculiformis.[13]
As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[10] It has a chromosome count: 2n=22, the same as Iris dolichosiphon (another Pseudoregelia iris).[11][13] It has also been noted as 2n = 26.[3]
Taxonomy
It is pronounced as (Iris) EYE-ris (cuniculiformis) kun-e-ku-lee-for-miss.[7][14]
It is written as 大锐果鸢尾 in Chinese script and known as da rui guo yuan wei in Pidgin.[2] It is translated as large sharp fruit kite Tail.[13]
The Latin specific epithet cuniculiformis refers to being shaped like a small rabbit. From two Latin terms, 'cuniculus' - little rabbit and 'formis' - form or shape.[15] The standards of the flowers are similar in form to rabbits ears. Hence, the name.[4]
A herbarium specimen exists in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh collection. It was found on 12 June 1993, collected by Mr Kunming, (from Edinburgh) on a ridge of a forest in Diqing Prefecture of Zhongdian County, China. At an altitude of 3600m above sea level.[16]
It was first published and described by John Henry Noltie and Kai Yun Guan in 'New Plantsman' Vol.2 Issue3 page131 in 1995.[6][17][18]
It was thought at one time to be a hybrid or synonym of Iris bulleyana,[5] or a synonym of Iris goniocarpa (another Pseudoregelia iris).[3]
It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, then updated on 2 December 2004.[18]
Iris cuniculiformis is an accepted name by the RHS.[19]
It is listed in Encyclopedia of Life.[20]
Distribution and habitat
Iris cuniculiformis is native to temperate areas of Asia.[18]
Range
It is found in China,[16] in the provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan.[17][18][20] Including, found on Hong Shan mountain.[8]
Habitat
It grows in the mountains, in open spaces,[3] in grassy plateaus,[2][4][8] and in shrubberies.[8]
It is often found in the same places as Iris bulleyana.[4]
They can be found at an altitude of 3,000–4,000 m (9,800–13,100 ft) above sea level.[2][3]
Cultivation
It is hardy to between USDA Zone 8 (-12.2 °C (10 °F)) and Zone 11 (above 4.5 °C (40 °F)).[7][14] Also RHS rating of H4.[9] In Australia between Zones 2 to 5.[14]
It can be grown in loamy soil which is enriched with compost.[4] It can tolerate mildly acidic (6.1 to 6.5) to mildly alkaline (7.6 to 7.8) ph level soils.[7]
It prefers to grow in full sun,[7] or partial shade.[4][5] It will bloom better, if it receives six or more hours of direct sunlight every day.[14]
It has average (garden plant) water needs.[7]
It may suit a position in the front of a flower border.[14]
It was only recently (around the 90s), introduced to Britain.[4]
Propagation
It can be propagated by division or by seed growing.[7]
Seeds are collected from the pods after flowering. Seeds are then sown in containers in a cold frame in autumn.[7]
Toxicity
Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also, handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[7]
References
- ^ "Iris cuniculiformis Noltie & K.Y.Guan is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "FOC Vol. 24 Page 311". efloras.org (Flora of China). Retrieved 17 July 2015. Cite error: The named reference "efloras" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Chapter I (Part 7) Pseudoregelia" (in French). http://irisbotanique.over-blog.com/. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher= - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation, p. 99, at Google Books
- ^ a b c d e f "Iris cuniculiformis ACE 2224". hessenhof.nl. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Franco, Alain (4 December 2013). "(SPEC) Iris cunuculiformis Noltie & Guan". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Species Iris, Iris cuniculiformis". davesgarden.com. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- ^ a b c d Basak Gardner & Chris Gardner Iris cuniculiformis, p. 319, at Google Books
- ^ a b c "Iris cuniculiformis". cgf.net (Cotswold Garden Flowers).
{{cite web}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Missing or empty|url=(help) - ^ a b Austin, Claire (2005). Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia. Timber Press. ISBN 0881927309.
- ^ a b Shen, Yun-Guang; Wang, Zhong-Lang; Guan, Kai-Yun (2007). "Karyotypes of thirteen species of Iris L. from China". Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica. 45 (5): 601–618. doi:10.1360/aps06064. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
- ^ Shen, Yun-Guang; Wang, Zhong-Lang; Guan, Kai-Yun (2007). "Karyotypes of thirteen species of Iris L. from China". Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica. 45 (5): 601–618. doi:10.1360/aps06064. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ^ a b c Xiaoying, Bi; Chih, Zhao Wei; Yang, Zheng; Dongsheng, Li (2011). "Orris root crude Chromosome technology and karyotyping" (PDF). Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 27 (13): 157–160. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ^ a b c d e "Iris cuniculiformis". gardenaway.com. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
- ^ "Botanary". davesgarden.com. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ a b "Holotype of Iris cuniculiformis Noltie & K.Y.Guan [family IRIDACEAE]". plants.jstor.org. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ^ a b "Iris". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). p. 143. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Taxon: Iris cuniculiformis Noltie & K. Y. Guan". ars-grin.gov (Germplasm Resources Information Network). Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- ^ "Iris cuniculiformis". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- ^ a b "Iris cuniculiformis". eol.org. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
Other sources
- Wu Zheng-yi and P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
External links
Media related to Iris cuniculiformis at Wikimedia Commons- Has an image of the iris in a garden
- Image of the iris growing in China
Data related to Iris cuniculiformis at Wikispecies
