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| range_map = Vachellia Distribution Map.svg
| range_map = Vachellia Distribution Map.svg
| range_map_caption = The range of the genus ''Vachellia''.
| range_map_caption = The range of the genus ''Vachellia''.
| synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.worldwidewattle.com/infogallery/taxonomy/nomen-class.pdf]</ref>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=wwwcom>{{cite web |last1=Maslin |first1=B. R. |last2=Orchard |first2=A. E. |last3=West |first3=J. G. |title=Nomenclatural and classification history of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae), and the implications of generic subdivision |url=http://worldwidewattle.com/infogallery/taxonomy/nomen-class.pdf |website=worldwidewattle.com |accessdate=5 November 2015}}</ref>
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
* ''Acacia'' subg. ''Acacia'' <small>Vassal, nom. illeg.</small>
* ''Acacia'' subg. ''Acacia'' <small>Vassal, nom. illeg.</small>
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}}
}}


'''''Vachellia''''' is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[legume]] family, [[Fabaceae]]. It belongs to the subfamily [[Mimosoideae]]. Its species were considered members of genus ''[[Acacia sensu lato|Acacia]]'' until 2005.<ref name="Kyalangalilwa" /><ref name="Clarke" /> ''Vachellia'' can be distinguished from other acacias by its capitate [[inflorescence]]s and spinescent [[stipule]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Dyer C. | year = 2014 | title = New names for the African ''Acacia'' species in ''Vachellia'' and ''Senegalia'' | journal = Southern Forests: A Journal of Forest Science | volume = 76 | issue = 4 | pages = iii | doi = 10.2989/20702620.2014.980090}}</ref>
'''''Vachellia''''' is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[legume]] family, [[Fabaceae]], commonly known as '''thorn trees''' or '''[[shittah tree]]s'''. It belongs to the subfamily [[Mimosoideae]]. Its species were considered members of genus ''[[Acacia sensu lato|Acacia]]'' until 2005.<ref name="Kyalangalilwa" /><ref name="Clarke" /> ''Vachellia'' can be distinguished from other acacias by its capitate [[inflorescence]]s and spinescent [[stipule]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Dyer C. | year = 2014 | title = New names for the African ''Acacia'' species in ''Vachellia'' and ''Senegalia'' | journal = Southern Forests: A Journal of Forest Science | volume = 76 | issue = 4 | pages = iii | doi = 10.2989/20702620.2014.980090}}</ref> Before discovery of the [[New World]], Europeans in the Mediterranean region were familiar with several species of ''Vachellia'', which they knew as sources of medicine, and had names for them that they inherited from the Greeks and Romans.<ref name=aus>{{cite book|last1=Austin|first1=Daniel F.|title=Florida ethnobotany Fairchild Tropical Garden, Coral Gables, Florida, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, Arizona: with more than 500 species illustrated by Penelope N. Honychurch ... [et al.] |date=2004 |publisher=CRC Press |location=Boca Raton, FL |isbn=9780203491881 |pages=58–59}}</ref>

The wide-ranging genus occurs in a variety of open, tropical to subtropical habitats, and is locally dominant.<ref name=shor>{{cite book|last1=Shorrocks |first1=Bryan |last2=Bates |first2=William |title=The Biology of African Savannahs |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0198702701 |pages=231–233 |edition=Biology of Habitats Series}}</ref> In parts of Africa, ''Vachellia'' species are shaped progressively by grazing animals of increasing size and height, such as [[gazelle]], [[gerenuk]], and [[giraffe]]. The genus in Africa has thus developed thorns in defence against such herbivory.<ref name=chid>{{cite book|last1=Chidumayo|first1=Emmanuel N.|last2=Gumbo|first2=Davison J.|title=The Dry Forests and Woodlands of Africa: Managing for Products and Services|date=2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136531378|page=25}}</ref>

==Nomenclature==
By 2005, it had become clear that ''[[Acacia sensu lato]]'' needed to be split into at least five separate genera. The [[International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants|ICN]] dictated that under these circumstances, the name of ''Acacia'' should remain with the original [[Type (biology)#In botany|type]], which was ''[[Vachellia nilotica|Acacia nilotica]]''.<ref name=wwwcom/> However, that year the General Committee of the [[International Botanical Congress|IBC]] decided that ''Acacia'' should be given a new type (''[[Acacia verticillatum]]'') so that the ~900 species of Australian acacias would not need to be renamed ''Racosperma''. This decision was opposed by 54.9% or 247 representatives at its 2005 congress, while 45.1% or 203 votes were cast in favor. However, since a 60% vote was required to override the committee, the decision was carried, and a ''[[Conserved name|nom. cons.]] propositum'' was listed in Appendix III (p. 286).<ref name="cord">{{cite book |last1=Corder |first1=Hugh |last2=Glazewski |first2=Jan |last3=Bleazard |first3=Janice |title=A Rose is a Rose but is an 'Acacia' an 'Acacia'? Global administrative law: development and innovation |date=2009 |publisher=Juta |location=Cape Town |isbn=9780702181900}}</ref><ref name="moor">{{cite journal |last1=Moore |first1=Gerry |last2=Smith |first2=Gideon F. |last3=Figueiredo |first3=Estrela |last4=Demissew |first4=Sebsebe |last5=Lewis |first5=Gwilym |last6=Schrire |first6=Brian |last7=Rico |first7=Lourdes |last8=van Wyk |first8=Abraham E. |last9=Luckow |first9=Melissa |last10=Kiesling |first10=Roberto |last11=Sousa |first11=Mario |title=The Acacia controversy resulting from minority rule at the Vienna Nomenclature Section: Much more than arcane arguments and complex technicalities |journal=Taxon |date=June 2011 |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=852–857 |url=http://www.iapt-taxon.org/historic/Congress/IBC_2011/Acacia_not_pragm.pdf |accessdate=19 May 2016}}</ref> The 2011 congress voted 373 to 172 to uphold the 2005 decision, which means that the name ''[[Acacia]]'' and a new type follow the majority of the species in ''[[Acacia sensu lato]]'', rather than this genus.<ref name="acaciaresolution1">{{cite web |title= The Acacia debate |url=http://worldwidewattle.com/infogallery/nomenclature/nameissue/melbourne-ibc-2011-congress-news-tuesday-26-july.pdf |publisher=IBC2011 Congress News |accessdate=May 5, 2016}}</ref> However, some members of the botanical community remain dissatisfied.<ref name="acaciaresolution2">{{cite web |title=Conserving ''Acacia'' <small>Mill.</small> with a conserved type: What happened in Melbourne? |url=http://www.iapt-taxon.org/historic/Congress/IBC_2011/Acacia_happen2.pdf |publisher=''Taxon'' |accessdate=May 5, 2016}}</ref>

==Description==
The members of ''Vachellia'' are trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing, and are always armed. Younger plants, especially, are armed with spines which are modified [[stipule]]s, situated near the leaf bases. Some (''cf''. ''[[Vachellia tortilis|V. tortilis]]'', ''[[Vachellia hebeclada|V. hebeclada]]'', ''[[Vachellia luederitzii|V. luederitzii]]'' and ''[[Vachellia reficiens|V. reficiens]]'') are also armed with paired, recurved [[prickle]]s (in addition to the spines).<ref name=hyde>{{cite web|last1=Hyde |first1=Mark|title=3446.000 ''Acacia'' <small>Mill.</small>—Thorn trees |url=http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=667 |website=Flora of Zimbabwe |accessdate=6 November 2015|display-authors=etal}}</ref> The leaves are alternate and bipinnately arranged, and their pinnae are usually opposite.<!--may be opposite, subopposite or sometimes alternate.--> The racemose inflorescences usually grow from the leaf axils. The yellow or creamy white flowers are produced in spherical heads, or seldom in elongate spikes, which is the general rule in the related genus ''[[Senegalia]]''. The flowers are typically bisexual with numerous stamens, but unisexual flowers have been noted in ''[[Vachellia nilotica|V. nilotica]]'' (''cf''. Sinha, 1971).<ref name=fao>{{cite web |title=Handbook on seeds of dry-zone acacias, 3. Reproductive biology |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/q2190e/Q2190E03.htm |website=fao.org |publisher=FAO Corporate Document Repository: Agriculture and Consumer Protection |accessdate=6 November 2015}}</ref> The calyx and corolla are usually 4 to 5-lobed. Glands are usually present on the [[rhachis]] and the upper side of the [[petiole]]. The seed pod may be straight, curved or curled, and either dehiscent or indehiscent.<ref name=hyde/>


==Species list==
==Species list==
Of the 163 species currently assigned to ''Vachellia'', 52 are native to the [[Americas]], 83 to [[Africa]], [[Madagascar]] and the [[Mascarene Islands]], 32 to [[Asia]] and 9 to [[Australia]] and the [[Pacific Islands]].<ref name=thiel>{{cite journal | author = Thiele KR. | title = The controversy over the retypification of ''Acacia'' <small>Mill.</small> with an Australian type: A pragmatic view | journal = [[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] | year = 2011 | volume = 60 | issue = 1 | pages = 194–198 | url = http://www.iapt-taxon.org/historic/Congress/IBC_2011/Acacia_pragm.pdf | jstor = 41059833}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=32em}}
{{div col|colwidth=300px}}
* ''[[Vachellia abyssinica]]'' <small>(Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Flat Top Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia abyssinica]]'' <small>(Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Flat Top Acacia
** subsp. ''abyssinica'' <small>(Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''calophylla'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia acuifera]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Bahama Acacia, Cassip, Pork-and-doughboy, (''Bahamas'') Rosewood
* ''[[Vachellia acuifera]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Bahama Acacia, Cassip, Pork-and-doughboy, (''Bahamas'') Rosewood
* ''[[Vachellia albicortata]]'' <small>(Burkart) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia albicortata]]'' <small>(Burkart) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
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* ''[[Vachellia anegadensis]]'' <small>(Britton) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Anegada Acacia, Blackbrush-wattle, Pokemeboy
* ''[[Vachellia anegadensis]]'' <small>(Britton) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Anegada Acacia, Blackbrush-wattle, Pokemeboy
* ''[[Vachellia antunesii]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia antunesii]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia arenaria]]'' <small>(Schinz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia arenaria]]'' <small>(Schinz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Sand Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia aroma]]'' <small>(Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia aroma]]'' <small>(Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
** [[Vachellia aroma var. aroma|var. ''aroma'']] <small>Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.</small>
** [[Vachellia aroma var. huarango|var. ''huarango'']] <small>Ruíz & J.Macbr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia astringens]]'' <small>(Gillies in Hook. et Arn.) Speg.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia astringens]]'' <small>(Gillies in Hook. et Arn.) Speg.</small>
<!-- Vachellia baessleria is a misspelling of Vachellia baessleri. -->
<!-- Vachellia baessleria is a misspelling of Vachellia baessleri. -->
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* ''[[Vachellia bavazzanoi]]'' <small>(Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia bavazzanoi]]'' <small>(Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia belairoides]]'' <small>(Urb.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Bellair Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia belairoides]]'' <small>(Urb.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Bellair Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia bellula]]'' <small>(Drake) Boatwr.</small><ref name="Malagasy">{{cite journal | authors = Boatwright JS, Maurin O, van der Bank M. | year = 2015 | title = Phylogenetic position of Madagascan species of ''Acacia s.l.'' and new combinations in ''Senegalia'' and ''Vachellia'' (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae, Acacieae) | journal = [[Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society|Bot J Linn Soc]] | volume = 179 | issue = 2 | pages = 288–294 | url = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/boj.12320/abstract | doi = 10.1111/boj.12320}}</ref>
* ''[[Vachellia biaciculata]]'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia biaciculata]]'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Corkwood wattle, Dogwood
* ''[[Vachellia bidwillii]]'' <small>(Benth.) Kodela</small>—Corkwood Wattle, Dogwood
* ''[[Vachellia bidwillii]]'' <small>(Benth.) Kodela</small>—Corkwood Wattle, Dogwood
* ''[[Vachellia bilimekii]]'' <small>(J. Macbr.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia bilimekii]]'' <small>(J. Macbr.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia borleae]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia borleae]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Sticky Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia brandegeana]]'' <small>(I. M. Johnst.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Baja California Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia brandegeana]]'' <small>(I. M. Johnst.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Baja California Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia bravoensis]]'' <small>(Isely) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia bravoensis]]'' <small>(Isely) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
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* ''[[Vachellia bucheri]]'' <small>(Marie-Victorín) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Bucher Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia bucheri]]'' <small>(Marie-Victorín) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Bucher Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia bullockii]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia bullockii]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** var. ''bullockii'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** var. ''induta'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia burttii]]'' <small>(Bak. f.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia burttii]]'' <small>(Bak. f.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia bussei]]'' <small>(Harms ex Sjöstedt) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia bussei]]'' <small>(Harms ex Sjöstedt) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia californica]]'' <small>(Brandegee) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia californica]]'' <small>(Brandegee) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia campechiana]]'' <small>(Mill.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Boatthorn Acacia, Spoon-thorn Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia campechiana]]'' <small>(Mill.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Boatthorn Acacia, Spoon-thorn Acacia
** f. ''campechiana'' <small>(Mill.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
** f. ''houghii'' <small>(Britton & Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia caurina]]'' <small>(Barneby & Zanoni) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia caurina]]'' <small>(Barneby & Zanoni) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia caven]]'' <small>(Molina) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia caven]]'' <small>(Molina) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
** [[Vachellia caven var. caven|var. ''caven'']] <small>(Molina) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
** [[Vachellia caven var. dehiscens|var. ''dehiscens'']] <small>(Ciald.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
** [[Vachellia caven var. microcarpa|var. ''microcarpa '']] <small>(Speg.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
** [[Vachellia caven var. stenocarpa|var. ''stenocarpa '']] <small>(Speg.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia cernua]]'' <small>(Thulin & Hassan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia cernua]]'' <small>(Thulin & Hassan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia chiapensis]]'' <small>(Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Chiapas-Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia chiapensis]]'' <small>(Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Chiapas Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia choriophylla]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Cinnecord Acacia, Florida Acacia, (''Bahamas'') Cinnecord
* ''[[Vachellia choriophylla]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Cinnecord Acacia, Florida Acacia, (''Bahamas'') Cinnecord
* ''[[Vachellia clarksoniana]]'' <small>(Pedley) Kodela</small>
* ''[[Vachellia clarksoniana]]'' <small>(Pedley) Kodela</small>
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* ''[[Vachellia curvifructa]]'' <small>(Burkart) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia curvifructa]]'' <small>(Burkart) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia daemon]]'' <small>(Ekman & Urb.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Camagüey Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia daemon]]'' <small>(Ekman & Urb.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Camagüey Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia davyi]]'' <small>(N.E.Br.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia davyi]]'' <small>(N.E.Br.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Corky-bark acacia
<!-- Vachellia densiflora was reclassified as Vachellia farnesiana. -->
<!-- Vachellia densiflora was reclassified as Vachellia farnesiana. -->
* ''[[Vachellia ditricha]]'' <small>(Pedley) Kodela</small>
* ''[[Vachellia ditricha]]'' <small>(Pedley) Kodela</small>
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* ''[[Vachellia douglasica]]'' <small>(Pedley) Kodela</small>
* ''[[Vachellia douglasica]]'' <small>(Pedley) Kodela</small>
* ''[[Vachellia drepanolobium]]'' <small>(Harms ex Sjöstedt) P.J.H.Hurter</small>—Whistling Thorn
* ''[[Vachellia drepanolobium]]'' <small>(Harms ex Sjöstedt) P.J.H.Hurter</small>—Whistling Thorn
* ''[[Vachellia dyeri]]'' <small>(P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia dyeri]]'' <small>(P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/>
* ''[[Vachellia eburnea]]'' <small>(L.f.) P. Hurter & Mabb.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia eburnea]]'' <small>(L.f.) P. Hurter & Mabb.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia ebutsiniorum]]'' <small>(P.J.H.Hurter) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia ebutsiniorum]]'' <small>(P.J.H.Hurter) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Ebutsini acacia
* ''[[Vachellia edgeworthii]]'' <small>(T.Anders.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia edgeworthii]]'' <small>(T.Anders.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia elatior]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia elatior]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''elatior'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''turkanae'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia erioloba]]'' <small>(E.Mey.) P.J.H.Hurter</small>—Camel Thorn (''Kameeldoring'')
* ''[[Vachellia erioloba]]'' <small>(E.Mey.) P.J.H.Hurter</small>—Camel Thorn (''Kameeldoring'')
* ''[[Vachellia erythrophloea]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia erythrophloea]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia etbaica]]'' <small>(Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia etbaica]]'' <small>(Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Savannah thorn
* ''[[Vachellia exuvialis]]'' <small>(Verdoorn) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''australis'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia farnesiana]]'' <small>(L.) Wight & Arn.</small>
** subsp. ''etbaica'' <small>(Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia fischeri]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''platycarpa'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''uncinata'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia exuvialis]]'' <small>(Verdoorn) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Flaky-bark acacia
* ''[[Vachellia farnesiana]]'' <small>(L.) Wight & Arn.</small>—Huisache
** [[Vachellia farnesiana var. farnesiana|var. ''farnesiana'']] <small>(L.) Wight & Arn.</small>
** var. ''guanacastensis'' <small>(H.D.Clarke ''et al''.) Wight & Arn.</small>
** var. ''minuta'' <small>(M.E.Jones) Wight & Arn.</small>
** var. ''pinetorum'' <small(>F.J.Herm.) Wight & Arn.</small>—Pineland wattle
* ''[[Vachellia fischeri]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Flat-topped thorn
* ''[[Vachellia flava]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia flava]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia gentlei]]'' <small>(Standley) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Gentle Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia gentlei]]'' <small>(Standley) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Gentle Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia gerrardii]]'' <small>(Benth.) P.J.H.Hurter</small>
* ''[[Vachellia gerrardii]]'' <small>(Benth.) P.J.H.Hurter</small>—Red Acacia
** var. ''calvescens'' <small>(Brenan) P.J.H.Hurter</small>
** var. ''gerrardii'' <small>(Benth.) P.J.H.Hurter</small>
** var. ''latisiliqua'' <small>(Brenan) P.J.H.Hurter</small>
* ''[[Vachellia glandulifera]]'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia glandulifera]]'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia globulifera]]'' <small>(Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Globular Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia globulifera]]'' <small>(Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Globular Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia grandicornuta]]'' <small>(Gerstner) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia grandicornuta]]'' <small>(Gerstner) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Horned-thorn Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia guanacastensis]]'' <small>(Clark, Seigler, & Ebinger) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia guanacastensis]]'' <small>(Clark, Seigler, & Ebinger) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia gummifera]]'' <small>(Willd.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia gummifera]]'' <small>(Willd.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Gum-bearing Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia haematoxylon]]'' <small>(Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Gray camel thorn, Giraffe thorn<ref name="dwaf">{{cite web |url=http://www2.dwaf.gov.za/dwaf/cmsdocs/4116___poster%20protected%20trees.pdf |title=Protected Trees |date=3 May 2013 |publisher=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa}}</ref>
* ''[[Vachellia haematoxylon]]'' <small>(Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Gray camel thorn, Giraffe thorn<ref name="dwaf">{{cite web |url=http://www2.dwaf.gov.za/dwaf/cmsdocs/4116___poster%20protected%20trees.pdf |title=Protected Trees |date=3 May 2013 |publisher=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705085122/http://www2.dwaf.gov.za/dwaf/cmsdocs/4116___poster%20protected%20trees.pdf |archivedate=5 July 2010 }}</ref>
* ''[[Vachellia harmandiana]]'' <small>(Pierre) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia harmandiana]]'' <small>(Pierre) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia hebeclada]]'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia hebeclada]]'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Candle-pod Acacia
** subsp. ''chobiensis'' <small>(O.B.Miller) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''hebeclada'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''tristis'' <small>(A.Schreiber) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia hindsii]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Hinds Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia hindsii]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Hinds Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia hockii]]'' <small>(De Wild.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia hockii]]'' <small>(De Wild.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia horrida]]'' <small>(L.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia horrida]]'' <small>(L.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Long White-galled Acacia
** subsp. ''benadirensis'' <small>(Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''horrida'' <small>(L.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
<!-- Vachellia hydaspica was reclassified as Vachellia eburnea. -->
<!-- Vachellia hydaspica was reclassified as Vachellia eburnea. -->
* ''[[Vachellia inopinata]]'' <small>(Prain) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia inopinata]]'' <small>(Prain) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
Line 113: Line 153:
<!-- Vachellia insularis was reclassified as Vachellia farnesiana. -->
<!-- Vachellia insularis was reclassified as Vachellia farnesiana. -->
* ''[[Vachellia janzenii]]'' <small>(Ebinger & Seigler) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Janzen Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia janzenii]]'' <small>(Ebinger & Seigler) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Janzen Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia karroo]]'' <small>(Hayne) Banfi & Galasso</small>—Karroo Bush
* ''[[Vachellia karroo]]'' <small>(Hayne) Banfi & Galasso</small>—Karroo Bush<ref name=wr1>Taxon in the ''V. karroo'' complex, see: {{cite web|last1=Roland |first1=Dr. Wolf-Achim |title=The Acacia (s.l.)-karroo complex, Status 2014 |url=http://www.acacia-world.net/index.php/africa-me/south-africa/the-vachellia-karroo-complex |website=Acacia World |accessdate=20 November 2015}}</ref>
* ''[[Vachellia kingii]]'' <small>(Prain) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia kingii]]'' <small>(Prain) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia kirkii]]'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia kirkii]]'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Flood plain acacia
** subsp. ''kirkii'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
*** var. ''kirkii'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
*** var. ''sublaevis'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''mildbraedii'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia koltermanii]]'' <small>R. García, M. Mejía, Ebinger, & Seigler</small><ref name="García">{{cite journal |vauthors=Seigler DS, García R, Mejía M, Ebinger JE | title = A new species of ''Vachellia'' (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from Haiti | journal = Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 45 | year = 2012 | url = http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/78422251/new-species-vachellia-fabaceae-mimosoideae-from-haiti | doi = }}</ref>
* ''[[Vachellia koltermanii]]'' <small>R. García, M. Mejía, Ebinger, & Seigler</small><ref name="García">{{cite journal |vauthors=Seigler DS, García R, Mejía M, Ebinger JE | title = A new species of ''Vachellia'' (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from Haiti | journal = Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 45 | year = 2012 | url = http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/78422251/new-species-vachellia-fabaceae-mimosoideae-from-haiti | doi = }}</ref>
* ''[[Vachellia kosiensis]]'' <small>(P.P.Sw. ex Coates Palgr.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia kosiensis]]'' <small>(P.P.Sw. ex Coates Palgr.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/>—Dune acacia, Dune sweet-thorn
* ''[[Vachellia lahai]]'' <small>(Steud. & Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia lahai]]'' <small>(Steud. & Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Red-thorn acacia
* ''[[Vachellia lasiopetala]]'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia lasiopetala]]'' <small>(Oliv.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia latispina]]'' <small>(J.E.Burrows & S.M.Burrows) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia latispina]]'' <small>(J.E.Burrows & S.M.Burrows) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia leucophloea]]'' <small>(Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Pilang
* ''[[Vachellia leucophloea]]'' <small>(Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Pilang
** var. ''leucophloea'' <small>(Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
** var. ''microcephala'' <small>(Kurz) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia leucospira]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia leucospira]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia luederitzii]]'' <small>(Engl.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia luederitzii]]'' <small>(Engl.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Bastard umbrella thorn
** var. ''luederitzii'' <small>(Engl.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Kalahari-sand acacia
** var. ''retinens'' <small>(Sim) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Balloon-thorn acacia
<!-- Vachellia lutea was reclassified as Vachellia aroma and Vachellia macracantha. -->
<!-- Vachellia lutea was reclassified as Vachellia aroma and Vachellia macracantha. -->
* ''[[Vachellia macracantha]]'' <small>(Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Longspine Acacia, French Casha, Long-spine Acacia, Porknut, Cambrón, Long-spined Acacia, (''Jamaica'') Parknut, (''Virgin Islands'') Wild Tamarind, (''Netherlands Antilles'') Creole Casha, Spanish Casha, Steel Acacia, (''Virgin Islands'') Stink Casha, Strink Casha
* ''[[Vachellia macracantha]]'' <small>(Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Longspine Acacia, French Casha, Long-spine Acacia, Porknut, Cambrón, Long-spined Acacia, (''Jamaica'') Parknut, (''Virgin Islands'') Wild Tamarind, (''Netherlands Antilles'') Creole Casha, Spanish Casha, Steel Acacia, (''Virgin Islands'') Stink Casha, Strink Casha
* ''[[Vachellia macrothyrsa]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia macrothyrsa]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia malacocephala]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia malacocephala]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Black-galled Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia mayana]]'' <small>(Lundell) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Maya Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia mayana]]'' <small>(Lundell) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Maya Acacia
<!-- Vachellia mbuluënsis is an alternative spelling of Vachellia mbuluensis. -->
* ''[[Vachellia mbuluensis]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia mbuluensis]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Hairy-galled Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia melanoceras]]'' <small>(Beurl.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Blackthorn Acacia, Bullhorn Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia melanoceras]]'' <small>(Beurl.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Blackthorn Acacia, Bullhorn Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia montana]]'' <small>(P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia montana]]'' <small>(P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia myaingii]]'' <small>(Lace) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia myaingii]]'' <small>(Lace) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia natalitia]]'' <small>(E.Mey.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia myrmecophila]]'' <small>(R.Vig.) Boatwr.</small><ref name="Malagasy"/>
* ''[[Vachellia nebrownii]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia natalitia]]'' <small>(E.Mey.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/>—Pale-bark acacia, Pale-bark sweet thorn<!-- Vachellia natalitia may be a synonym of Vachellia karroo. -->
* ''[[Vachellia nebrownii]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Water acacia, Water thorn
* ''[[Vachellia negrii]]'' <small>(Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia negrii]]'' <small>(Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
*''[[Vachellia nilotica]]'' <small>(L.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small>—Gum Arabic Tree, Babul, Amrad Gum, Thorny Mimosa of India
*''[[Vachellia nilotica]]'' <small>(L.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small>—Scented-pod Acacia, Gum Arabic Tree, Babul, Amrad Gum, Thorny Mimosa of India
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. adstringens|subsp. ''adstringens'']] <small>(Schumach. & Thonn.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small>
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis|subsp. ''cupressiformis'']] <small>(J.L.Stewart) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small>
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. hemispherica|subsp. ''hemispherica'']] <small>(Ali & Faruqi) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small>
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. indica|subsp. ''indica'']] <small>(Benth.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small>—Babul, Prickly acacia
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. kraussiana|subsp. ''kraussiana'']] <small>(Benth.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small>
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. leiocarpa|subsp. ''leiocarpa'']] <small>(Brenan) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small>
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. nilotica|subsp. ''nilotica'']] <small>(L.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small>
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. subalata|subsp. ''subalata'']] <small>(Vatke) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small>
** [[Vachellia nilotica subsp. tomentosa|subsp. ''tomentosa'']] <small>(Benth.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia nubica]]'' <small>(Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia nubica]]'' <small>(Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
<!-- Vachellia oeforta is a mispelling of Vachellia oerfota. -->
<!-- Vachellia oeforta is a mispelling of Vachellia oerfota. -->
* ''[[Vachellia oerfota]]'' <small>(Forssk) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia oerfota]]'' <small>(Forssk) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** var. ''brevifolia'' <small>(Boulos) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** var. ''oerfota'' <small>(Forssk) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia origena]]'' <small>(Hunde) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia origena]]'' <small>(Hunde) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia ormocarpoides]]'' <small>(P.J.H.Hurter) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia ormocarpoides]]'' <small>(P.J.H.Hurter) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Leolo Thorn
* ''[[Vachellia oviedoensis]]'' <small>(R. García & M. Mejía) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia oviedoensis]]'' <small>(R. García & M. Mejía) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia pacensis]]'' <small>(Rudd & Carter) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia pacensis]]'' <small>(Rudd & Carter) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia pachyphloia]]'' <small>(W. Fitzg.) Kodela</small>
* ''[[Vachellia pachyphloia]]'' <small>(W. Fitzg.) Kodela</small>
** subsp. ''brevipinnula'' <small>(Tindale & Kodela) Kodela</small>
** subsp. ''pachyphloia'' <small>(W. Fitzg.) Kodela</small>
* ''[[Vachellia pallidifolia]]'' <small>(Tindale) Kodela</small>
* ''[[Vachellia pallidifolia]]'' <small>(Tindale) Kodela</small>
* ''[[Vachellia paolii]]'' <small>(Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia paolii]]'' <small>(Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''paolii'' <small>(Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''paucijuga'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
<!-- Vachellia peninsularis was reclassified as Vachellia farnesiana. -->
<!-- Vachellia peninsularis was reclassified as Vachellia farnesiana. -->
* ''[[Vachellia pennatula]]'' <small>(Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Feather Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia pennatula]]'' <small>(Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Feather Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia permixta]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** var. ''parvicephala'' <small>Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia pilispina]]'' <small>(Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** var. ''pennatula'' <small>(Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia permixta]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Slender Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia pilispina]]'' <small>(Pichi-Sermolli) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Mpande
* ''[[Vachellia polypyrigenes]]'' <small>(Greenm.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia polypyrigenes]]'' <small>(Greenm.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia prasinata]]'' <small>(Hunde) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia prasinata]]'' <small>(Hunde) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia pringlei]]'' <small>(Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Pringle Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia pringlei]]'' <small>(Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Pringle Acacia
** var. ''californica'' <small></small>—California Pringle acacia
** var. ''pringlei'' <small>(Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Typical Pringle acacia
<!-- Vachellia pseudoeburnea was reclassified as Vachellia eburnea. -->
<!-- Vachellia pseudoeburnea was reclassified as Vachellia eburnea. -->
* ''[[Vachellia pseudofistula]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia pseudofistula]]'' <small>(Harms) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Ant-galled Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia qandalensis]]'' <small>(Thulin) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia qandalensis]]'' <small>(Thulin) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia quintanilhae]]'' <small>(Torre) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia quintanilhae]]'' <small>(Torre) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia reficiens]]'' <small>(Wawra) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia reficiens]]'' <small>(Wawra) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Red-bark Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia rehmanniana]]'' <small>(Schinz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''misera'' <small>(Vatke) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** subsp. ''reficiens'' <small>(Wawra) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia rehmanniana]]'' <small>(Schinz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Silky Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia rigidula]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Blackbrush Acacia, Blackbrush
* ''[[Vachellia rigidula]]'' <small>(Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Blackbrush Acacia, Blackbrush
* ''[[Vachellia robbertsei]]'' <small>(P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia robbertsei]]'' <small>(P.P.Swartz) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small><ref name=wr1/>—Sekhukhune acacia
* ''[[Vachellia robusta]]'' <small>(Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia robusta]]'' <small>(Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Splendid Acacia
** subsp. ''clavigera'' <small>(E.Mey.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—River acacia
** subsp. ''robusta'' <small>(Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Robust acacia
** subsp. ''usambarensis'' <small>(Taub.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
<!-- Vachellia roigi is a mispelling of Vachellia roigii. -->
<!-- Vachellia roigi is a mispelling of Vachellia roigii. -->
* ''[[Vachellia roigii]]'' <small>(Léon) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Roig Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia roigii]]'' <small>(Léon) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Roig Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia rorudiana]]'' <small>(Christopherson) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia rorudiana]]'' <small>(Christopherson) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Galapagos acacia
* ''[[Vachellia ruddiae]]'' <small>(D. H. Janzen) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Rudd Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia ruddiae]]'' <small>(D. H. Janzen) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Rudd Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia schnaffneri]]'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Schaffner's Wattle, Twisted Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia schnaffneri]]'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Schaffner's Wattle, Twisted Acacia
** var. ''bravoensis'' <small>(Isely) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
** var. ''schaffneri'' <small>(S. Watson) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia schottii]]'' <small>(Torr.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Schott's Wattle
* ''[[Vachellia schottii]]'' <small>(Torr.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Schott's Wattle
* ''[[Vachellia sekhukhuniensis]]'' <small>(P.J.H.Hurter) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia sekhukhuniensis]]'' <small>(P.J.H.Hurter) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Sekhukhune thorn
* ''[[Vachellia seyal]]'' <small>(Delile) P.J.H.Hurter</small>
* ''[[Vachellia seyal]]'' <small>(Delile) P.J.H.Hurter</small>—White Whistling Thorn
** var. ''fistula'' <small>(Schweinf.) P.J.H.Hurter</small>
** var. ''seyal'' <small>(Delile) P.J.H.Hurter</small>
* ''[[Vachellia siamensis]]'' <small>(Craib) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia siamensis]]'' <small>(Craib) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia sieberiana]]'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia sieberiana]]'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Paperbark Acacia, Paperbark Thorn
** var. ''sieberiana'' <small>(DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** var. ''villosa'' <small>(A.Chev.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** var. ''woodii'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia sphaerocephala]]'' <small>(Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Roundhead Acacia, Bee Wattle
* ''[[Vachellia sphaerocephala]]'' <small>(Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Roundhead Acacia, Bee Wattle
* ''[[Vachellia stuhlmannii]]'' <small>(Taub.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia stuhlmannii]]'' <small>(Taub.) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Olive-barked Thorn, Vlei Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia suberosa]]'' <small>(A. Cunn. ex Benth.) Kodela</small>—Corkybark Wattle
* ''[[Vachellia suberosa]]'' <small>(A. Cunn. ex Benth.) Kodela</small>—Corkybark Wattle
* ''[[Vachellia sutherlandii]]'' <small>(F. Muell.) Kodela</small>—Corkwood Wattle
* ''[[Vachellia sutherlandii]]'' <small>(F. Muell.) Kodela</small>—Corkwood Wattle
* ''[[Vachellia swazica]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia swazica]]'' <small>(Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Swazi Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia tenuispina]]'' <small>(Verdoorn) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia tenuispina]]'' <small>(Verdoorn) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Turf Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia tephrophylla]]'' <small>(Thulin) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia tephrophylla]]'' <small>(Thulin) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia theronii]]'' <small>(P.P.Sw.) Boatwr.</small><ref name="Malagasy"/><ref name=wr1/>—Slender Mountain Thorn
* ''[[Vachellia tomentosa]]'' <small>(Rottler) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Klampis
* ''[[Vachellia tomentosa]]'' <small>(Rottler) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Klampis
* ''[[Vachellia torrei]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia torrei]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Mozambique Sticky Thorn
* ''[[Vachellia tortilis]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi</small>—Umbrella Thorn
* ''[[Vachellia tortilis]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi</small>—Umbrella Thorn, Umbrella Acacia
** subsp. ''heteracantha'' <small>(Burch.) Galasso & Banfi</small>
** subsp. ''raddiana'' <small>(Savi) Galasso & Banfi</small>
*** var. ''pubescens'' <small>(A.Chev.) Galasso & Banfi</small>
*** var. ''raddiana'' <small>(Savi) Galasso & Banfi</small>
** subsp. ''spirocarpa'' <small>(Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Galasso & Banfi</small>
*** var. ''crinita'' <small>(Chiov.) Galasso & Banfi</small>
*** var. ''spirocarpa'' <small>(Hochst. ex. A.Rich.) Galasso & Banfi</small>
** subsp. ''tortilis'' <small>(Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi</small>
* ''[[Vachellia tortuosa]]'' <small>(L.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Twisted Acacia, Acacia Bush, Casia, Catclaw, Dutch Casha, Huisachillo, Rio Grande Acacia, Sweet Briar, Sweet-briar, Wild Poponax
* ''[[Vachellia tortuosa]]'' <small>(L.) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Twisted Acacia, Acacia Bush, Casia, Catclaw, Dutch Casha, Huisachillo, Rio Grande Acacia, Sweet Briar, Sweet-briar, Wild Poponax
* ''[[Vachellia turnbulliana]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia turnbulliana]]'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Velvet Pod Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia valida]]'' <small>(Tindale & Kodela) Kodela</small>
* ''[[Vachellia valida]]'' <small>(Tindale & Kodela) Kodela</small>
* ''[[Vachellia vernicosa]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Viscid Acacia
* ''[[Vachellia vernicosa]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) Seigler & Ebinger</small>—Viscid Acacia<!-- Vachellia neovernicosa? -->
* ''[[Vachellia viguieri]]'' <small>(Villiers & Du Puy) Boatwr.</small><ref name="Malagasy"/>
* ''[[Vachellia villaregalis]]'' <small>(McVaugh) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia villaregalis]]'' <small>(McVaugh) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia walwalensis]]'' <small>(Gilliland) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia walwalensis]]'' <small>(Gilliland) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia xanthophloea]]'' <small>(Benth.) P.J.H.Hurter</small>—Fever tree
* ''[[Vachellia xanthophloea]]'' <small>(Benth.) P.J.H.Hurter</small>—Fever tree
* ''[[Vachellia zanzibarica]]'' <small>(S.Moore) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
* ''[[Vachellia zanzibarica]]'' <small>(S.Moore) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>—Coastal Whistling Thorn
** var. ''microphylla'' <small>(Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
** var. ''zanzibarica'' <small>(S.Moore) Kyal. & Boatwr.</small>
<!-- Vachellia zapaensis is a misspelling of Vachellia zapatensis. -->
<!-- Vachellia zapaensis is a misspelling of Vachellia zapatensis. -->
* ''[[Vachellia zapatensis]]'' <small>(Urb. & Ekman) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
* ''[[Vachellia zapatensis]]'' <small>(Urb. & Ekman) Seigler & Ebinger</small>
Line 197: Line 290:
==''Incertae sedis''==
==''Incertae sedis''==
These species are suspected to belong to ''Vachellia'', but have not been formally transferred.<ref name="WorldWideWattle" />
These species are suspected to belong to ''Vachellia'', but have not been formally transferred.<ref name="WorldWideWattle" />
* ''[[Acacia bellula]]'' <small>Drake</small>
* ''[[Acacia bolei]]'' <small>R.P. Subhedar</small>
* ''[[Acacia bolei]]'' <small>R.P. Subhedar</small>
* ''[[Acacia callicoma]]'' <small>Meisn.</small>
* ''[[Acacia callicoma]]'' <small>Meisn.</small>
Line 205: Line 297:
* ''[[Acacia jacquemontii]]'' <small>Benth.</small>—Baonḷī, Raati-banwali
* ''[[Acacia jacquemontii]]'' <small>Benth.</small>—Baonḷī, Raati-banwali
* ''[[Acacia johnwoodii]]'' <small>Boulos</small>
* ''[[Acacia johnwoodii]]'' <small>Boulos</small>
* ''[[Acacia myrmecophila]]'' <small>R. Vig.</small>
* ''[[Acacia planifrons]]'' <small>Koenig ex Wight & Arn.</small>
* ''[[Acacia planifrons]]'' <small>Koenig ex Wight & Arn.</small>
* ''[[Acacia pseudo-eburnea]]'' <small>J.R. Drumm. ex Dunn</small>
* ''[[Acacia pseudo-eburnea]]'' <small>J.R. Drumm. ex Dunn</small>
* ''[[Acacia tanjorensis]]'' <small>Ragup., Thoth. & Mahad.</small>
* ''[[Acacia tanjorensis]]'' <small>Ragup., Thoth. & Mahad.</small>
* ''[[Acacia viguieri]]'' <small>Capuron ex Villiers & Du Puy</small>
* ''[[Acacia yemenensis]]'' <small>Boulos</small>
* ''[[Acacia yemenensis]]'' <small>Boulos</small>


Revision as of 02:02, 28 July 2017

Vachellia
Vachellia farnesiana
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Clade: Mimosoid clade
Genus: Vachellia
Wight & Arn.
Type species
Vachellia farnesiana
(L.) Wight & Arn.
Species[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

147; see text.

The range of the genus Vachellia.
Synonyms[8]
  • Acacia subg. Acacia Vassal, nom. illeg.
  • Acaciopsis Britton & Rose
  • Aldina E.Mey.
  • Bahamia Britton & Rose
  • Delaportea Gagnepain
  • Farnesia Gasparrini
  • Feracacia Britton & Rose
  • Fishlockia Britton & Rose
  • Gumifera Raf.
  • Lucaya Britton & Rose
  • Myrmecodendron Britton & Rose
  • Nimiria Craib
  • Pithecodendron Speg.
  • Poponax Raf.
  • Protoacacia Mill.
  • Tauroceras Britton & Rose

Vachellia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, commonly known as thorn trees or shittah trees. It belongs to the subfamily Mimosoideae. Its species were considered members of genus Acacia until 2005.[2][5] Vachellia can be distinguished from other acacias by its capitate inflorescences and spinescent stipules.[9] Before discovery of the New World, Europeans in the Mediterranean region were familiar with several species of Vachellia, which they knew as sources of medicine, and had names for them that they inherited from the Greeks and Romans.[10]

The wide-ranging genus occurs in a variety of open, tropical to subtropical habitats, and is locally dominant.[11] In parts of Africa, Vachellia species are shaped progressively by grazing animals of increasing size and height, such as gazelle, gerenuk, and giraffe. The genus in Africa has thus developed thorns in defence against such herbivory.[12]

Nomenclature

By 2005, it had become clear that Acacia sensu lato needed to be split into at least five separate genera. The ICN dictated that under these circumstances, the name of Acacia should remain with the original type, which was Acacia nilotica.[8] However, that year the General Committee of the IBC decided that Acacia should be given a new type (Acacia verticillatum) so that the ~900 species of Australian acacias would not need to be renamed Racosperma. This decision was opposed by 54.9% or 247 representatives at its 2005 congress, while 45.1% or 203 votes were cast in favor. However, since a 60% vote was required to override the committee, the decision was carried, and a nom. cons. propositum was listed in Appendix III (p. 286).[13][14] The 2011 congress voted 373 to 172 to uphold the 2005 decision, which means that the name Acacia and a new type follow the majority of the species in Acacia sensu lato, rather than this genus.[15] However, some members of the botanical community remain dissatisfied.[16]

Description

The members of Vachellia are trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing, and are always armed. Younger plants, especially, are armed with spines which are modified stipules, situated near the leaf bases. Some (cf. V. tortilis, V. hebeclada, V. luederitzii and V. reficiens) are also armed with paired, recurved prickles (in addition to the spines).[17] The leaves are alternate and bipinnately arranged, and their pinnae are usually opposite. The racemose inflorescences usually grow from the leaf axils. The yellow or creamy white flowers are produced in spherical heads, or seldom in elongate spikes, which is the general rule in the related genus Senegalia. The flowers are typically bisexual with numerous stamens, but unisexual flowers have been noted in V. nilotica (cf. Sinha, 1971).[18] The calyx and corolla are usually 4 to 5-lobed. Glands are usually present on the rhachis and the upper side of the petiole. The seed pod may be straight, curved or curled, and either dehiscent or indehiscent.[17]

Species list

Of the 163 species currently assigned to Vachellia, 52 are native to the Americas, 83 to Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands, 32 to Asia and 9 to Australia and the Pacific Islands.[19]

Incertae sedis

These species are suspected to belong to Vachellia, but have not been formally transferred.[6]

Hybrids

  • Vachellia × cedilloi (Rico Arce) Seigler & Ebinger
  • Vachellia campechiana × pennatula
  • Vachellia erioloba × haematoxylon
  • Vachellia × gladiata (Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger
  • Vachellia kirkii × seyal
  • Vachellia macracantha × pennatula
  • Vachellia seyal var. fistula × xanthophloea
  • Vachellia × standleyi (Saff.) Seigler & Ebinger

References

  1. ^ Seigler DS, Ebinger JE (2005). "New combinations in the genus Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from the New World". Phytologia. 87 (3): 139–78.
  2. ^ a b Kyalangalilwa B, Boatwright JS, Daru BH, Maurin O, van der Bank M (2013). "Phylogenetic position and revised classification of Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations in Vachellia and Senegalia". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 172 (4): 500–523. doi:10.1111/boj.12047.
  3. ^ Seigler DS, Ebinger JE (2010). "New combinations in Senegalia and Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae)" (PDF). Phytologia. 92 (1): 92–95.
  4. ^ Maslin BR, Seigler DS, Ebinger J (2013). "New combinations in Senegalia and Vachellia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) for Southeast Asia and China". Blumea. 58 (1): 39–44. doi:10.3767/000651913X669914.
  5. ^ a b Clarke HD, Seigler DS, Ebinger JE (2009). "Taxonomic Revision of the Vachellia acuifera Species Group (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in the Caribbean". Systematic Botany. 34 (1): 84–101. doi:10.1600/036364409787602285.
  6. ^ a b Maslin B. "List of Acacia sensu lato species". World Wide Wattle. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  7. ^ Kodela PG, Wilson PG (2006). "New combinations in the genus Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from Australia". Telopea. 11: 233–244.
  8. ^ a b Maslin, B. R.; Orchard, A. E.; West, J. G. "Nomenclatural and classification history of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae), and the implications of generic subdivision" (PDF). worldwidewattle.com. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  9. ^ Dyer C. (2014). "New names for the African Acacia species in Vachellia and Senegalia". Southern Forests: A Journal of Forest Science. 76 (4): iii. doi:10.2989/20702620.2014.980090.
  10. ^ Austin, Daniel F. (2004). Florida ethnobotany Fairchild Tropical Garden, Coral Gables, Florida, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, Arizona: with more than 500 species illustrated by Penelope N. Honychurch ... [et al.] Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 58–59. ISBN 9780203491881.
  11. ^ Shorrocks, Bryan; Bates, William (2014). The Biology of African Savannahs (Biology of Habitats Series ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 231–233. ISBN 0198702701.
  12. ^ Chidumayo, Emmanuel N.; Gumbo, Davison J. (2010). The Dry Forests and Woodlands of Africa: Managing for Products and Services. Routledge. p. 25. ISBN 9781136531378.
  13. ^ Corder, Hugh; Glazewski, Jan; Bleazard, Janice (2009). A Rose is a Rose but is an 'Acacia' an 'Acacia'? Global administrative law: development and innovation. Cape Town: Juta. ISBN 9780702181900.
  14. ^ Moore, Gerry; Smith, Gideon F.; Figueiredo, Estrela; Demissew, Sebsebe; Lewis, Gwilym; Schrire, Brian; Rico, Lourdes; van Wyk, Abraham E.; Luckow, Melissa; Kiesling, Roberto; Sousa, Mario (June 2011). "The Acacia controversy resulting from minority rule at the Vienna Nomenclature Section: Much more than arcane arguments and complex technicalities" (PDF). Taxon. 60 (3): 852–857. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  15. ^ "The Acacia debate" (PDF). IBC2011 Congress News. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
  16. ^ "Conserving Acacia Mill. with a conserved type: What happened in Melbourne?" (PDF). Taxon. Retrieved May 5, 2016. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ^ a b Hyde, Mark; et al. "3446.000 Acacia Mill.—Thorn trees". Flora of Zimbabwe. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  18. ^ "Handbook on seeds of dry-zone acacias, 3. Reproductive biology". fao.org. FAO Corporate Document Repository: Agriculture and Consumer Protection. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  19. ^ Thiele KR. (2011). "The controversy over the retypification of Acacia Mill. with an Australian type: A pragmatic view" (PDF). Taxon. 60 (1): 194–198. JSTOR 41059833.
  20. ^ a b c d "Phylogenetic position of Madagascan species of Acacia s.l. and new combinations in Senegalia and Vachellia (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae, Acacieae)". Bot J Linn Soc. 179 (2): 288–294. 2015. doi:10.1111/boj.12320. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  21. ^ a b c d e f Taxon in the V. karroo complex, see: Roland, Dr. Wolf-Achim. "The Acacia (s.l.)-karroo complex, Status 2014". Acacia World. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  22. ^ "Protected Trees" (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. 3 May 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ Seigler DS, García R, Mejía M, Ebinger JE (2012). "A new species of Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from Haiti". Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas. 6 (1): 45.
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