Mimosa family
Mimosa family | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Mimosoideae | ||||||||||||
( R.Br. ) DC. |
The Mimosa Family (Mimosoideae) are a subfamily within the family of legumes (Fabaceae). The 79 to 82 genera with about 3275 plant species are distributed almost worldwide in tropical to subtropical or warm-temperate areas. Only 64 species occur in Central Europe.
description
Appearance and leaves
The species of the subfamily Mimosoideae are mostly evergreen or deciduous woody plants: trees and shrubs ; they are rarely annual, biennial or herbaceous perennials . They usually grow upright on their own or, less often, by climbing. They can be halophytic, mesophytic or xerophytic . They can contain resin. Sometimes the shoot axes take on the task of photosynthesis .
In some species, heterophylly occurs. The alternate and spiral or two-line arranged leaves are usually well developed, sessile to stalked or less often reduced. The leaf blades of the well-developed deciduous leaves are singly or often doubly pinnate. The pinnate leaf blades can contain many leaflets, or sometimes just two. The leaflets can be herbaceous, leathery or fleshy. The leaf surfaces can be dotted glandular. Sometimes the leaves are transformed into phyllodes or thorns . There are mostly durable to early falling stipules ; they can be leaf-like or reduced to thorns, glands or scales.
Inflorescences, flowers and fruits
There are too many flowers together in differently structured inflorescences. They are usually characterized by radial symmetry , (three- to six-) usually five-fold flowers , which are mostly hermaphroditic, rarely unisexual. The mostly numerous (3 to 100) stamens are often fused together and often protrude beyond the crown. The stamens can all be fertile or some of them are transformed into staminodes . There is usually only one carpel , with a few genera there are two to 16 carpels. There are usually legumes formed.
ecology
Nitrogen fixation is common.
The pollination is done in many ways: anemophily , Entomophilie , ornithophily or Chiropterophilie .
Systematics
The subfamily of the Mimosoideae was formerly also known as the independent family Mimosaceae R.Br. considered. Molecular biological work shows that the Mimosoideae represent a monophyletic group, which, however, is embedded in the carob family . For this reason, the subfamily Mimosoideae is not considered in the latest systematics of the Legume Phylogeny Working Group .
The subfamily of the Mimosoideae is divided into three tribes and contains 79 to 82 genera with about 3275 species:
- Tribe Acacia ( Acacieae Benth. ): The distribution area of the five genera includes the area of the Indian Ocean, tropical Asia, the Neotropic and Australia. For a long time the tribe only contained the genus Acacia . Many non-Australian species have been separated into four genera:
- Acacia Mill .: Today it contains about 948 species mainly in Australia , but also seven on Pacific islands, one or two in Madagascar and ten in tropical Asia.
- Acaciella Britton & Rose (formerly Acacia subg. Aculeiferum sect. Filicinae ): The approximately 15 species are common in the Neotropic.
- Mariosousa Seigler & Ebinger : The approximately 13 species are common in the Neotropic.
- Senegalia Raf. (formerly Acacia subg. Aculeiferum ): It is pantropical with 203 species.
- Vachellia Wight & Arn. (formerly Acacia subg. Acacia ): It is pantropical with 163 species.
- Tribe Ingeae Benth. : It contains about 36 genera:
- Abarema Pittier : There are about 45 species.
- Albizia Durazz. (Syn .: Arthrosamanea Britton & Rose , Balizia Barneby & JWGrimes , Besenna A.Rich., Cathormion (Benth.) Hassk. , Macrosamanea Britton & Rose , Parasamanea Kosterm. , Parenterolobium Kosterm. , Pseudalbizzia Britton & Rose , Samanea (DC. ) Merr. , Sassa Bruce ex JFGmel. , Serialbizzia Kosterm. ): It contains about 100 to 150 species.
- Archidendron F. Muell. : There are about 96 types.
- Archidendropsis I.C. Nielsen : The five or so species occur in Australasia .
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Blanchetiodendron Barneby & JWGrimes : It contains only one species:
- Blanchetiodendron blanchetii (Benth.) Barneby & JWGrimes : This tree is only found in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
- Calliandra Benth. : The 150 to 200 species are mainly common in the Neotropic.
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Cedrelinga Ducke : It contains only one species:
- Cedrelinga cateniformis (Ducke) Ducke : It is common in South America.
- Cojoba Britton & Rose : There are around 17 types.
- Ebenopsis Britton & Rose : The threeor sospecies are distributed from Florida and Texas to the Yucatán .
- Enterolobium Mart. : There are about twelve types.
- Faidherbia A. Chev. : It contains only one type:
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Falcataria (ICNielsen) Barneby & JWGrimes : It contains only one species:
- Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & JWGrimes : it is today in the Palaeotropical common.
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Guinetia L.Rico & M.Sousa : It contains only one species:
- Guinetia tehuantepecensis L.Rico & M.Sousa : This endemic occurs only in Municipio Salina Cruz in the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
- Havardia Small : The five or so species occur from Texas to Mexico to Central America.
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Hesperalbizia Barneby & JWGrimes : It contains only one species:
- Hesperalbizia occidentalis (Brandegee) Barneby & JWGrimes : It is native to northern to central Mexico and is a neophyte in Honduras.
- Hydrochorea Barneby & JWGrimes : The three or so species are native to Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and Brazil.
- Inga Mill .: The approximately 350 species are common in the Neotropic, especially in the Andes foothills.
- Leucochloron Barneby & JWGrimes : The four or so species are common in Brazil.
- Lysiloma Benth. : There are about eleven types.
- Painteria Britton & Rose : Of the approximately four species, three arenativeto north to central Mexico and one to Sri Lanka .
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Pararchidendron I.C.Nielsen : it contains only one type:
- Pararchidendron pruinosum (Benth.) IC Nielsen : It is common in Australasia.
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Paraserianthes I.C. Nielsen : Contains only one species:
- Paraserianthes lophantha ( Willd. ) IC Nielson
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Pithecellobium Mart. : It contains about 40 to 75 species, for example:
- Pithecellobium unguis-cati (L.) Benth. who have favourited Cat's Claw
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Pseudosamanea Harms : It contains only one species:
- Pseudosamanea cubana (Britton & Rose) Barneby & JW Grimes : It is onlynativeto Cuba .
- Serianthes Benth. : There are about twelve types.
- Sphinga Barneby & JWGrimes : The only three species are distributed from northern Mexico via Central America and Cuba to Colombia and Venezuela.
- Thailentadopsis Kosterm. : The three or so species occur in Asia.
- Viguieranthus Villiers : There are about 18 species.
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Wallaceodendron coord .: It contains only one species:
- Wallaceodendron celebicum coord .: It occurs in Indonesia and the Philippines.
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Xerocladia Harv. : It contains only one type:
- Xerocladia viridiramis (Burch.) Deaf. : It occurs only in Namibia and South Africa.
- Zapoteca H.M.Hern. : There are about 18 types.
- Tribe Mimoseae Benth. : It contains about 42 genera:
- Adenanthera L .: It contains about twelve species in tropical Asia and on the Pacific islands.
- Adenopodia C.Presl : It contains four African and six neotropical species.
- Alantsilodendron Villiers : It contains about nine species.
- Amblygonocarpus Harms : Contains one or two species.
- Anadenanthera Speg. : It contains about five types.
- Aubrevillea Pellegr. : It contains about two types.
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Calliandropsis H.M.Hern. & P.Guinet : It contains only one species:
- Calliandropsis nervosus (Britton & Rose) HMHern. & P.Guinet : It thrives in arid areas in Mexico.
- Calpocalyx Harms : It contains eleven or twelve species.
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Cylicodiscus Harms : it contains only one species:
- Cylicodiscus gabunensis Harms : This species from tropical West Africa provides a hardwood .
- Desmanthus Willd. : It contains about 25 species in the Neotropic .
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Dichrostachys (DC.) Wight & Arn. : It contains about 14 to 18 species, for example
- Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. : This African species is an invasive plant in much of the subtropics and tropics.
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Dinizia Ducke : It contains two types:
- Dinizia excelsa Ducke : It comes from the Amazon basin and supplies timber.
- Dinizia jueirana-facao GP Lewis & GS Siqueira was newly described in 2017 from the Atlantic rainforest of Brazil, only two locations are known.
- Elephantorrhiza Benth. : It contains 9 to 13 species.
- Entada Adans. : It contains about 30 species mainly in tropical Africa and the Neotropics .
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Fillaeopsis Harms : It contains only one species:
- Fillaeopsis discophora Harms : It occurs in western and south-western Africa.
- Gagnebina Neck. ex DC. : It contains about six species.
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Indopiptadenia Brenan : it contains only one type:
- Indopiptadenia oudhensis (Brandis) Brenan : It occurs in India and Nepal.
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Kanaloa Lorence & KRWood : It contains only one species:
- Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence & K.Wood : It occurs in Hawaii.
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Lemurodendron Villiers & P.Guinet : It contains only one species:
- Lemurodendron capuronii Villiers & P.Guinet : It occurs in Madagascar.
- Leucaena Benth. : It contains about 22 species in the New World .
- Microlobius C.Presl : it contains one or two species.
- Mimosa ( Mimosa L. ): It contains about 530 species mainly in the Neotropic .
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Mimozyganthus Burkart : It contains only one species:
- Mimozyganthus carinatus (Griseb.) Burkart : It occurs in southeastern Bolivia and from southwestern Paraguay to Argentina.
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Neptunia Lour. : It contains about eleven species in tropical and subtropical areas, particularly in Australia and the New World, for example:
- The water mimosa ( Neptunia natans auct. ) Is said to be used as a vegetable.
- Newtonia Baill. : It contains 12 to 17 species.
- Parapiptadenia Brenan : It contains about six species.
- Parkia R.Br. : It contains about 35 species in the Paleotropic and Neotropical .
- Pentaclethra Benth. : It contains four to six species.
- Piptadenia Benth. : It contains over 32 species.
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Piptadeniastrum Brenan : it contains only one species.
- Piptadeniastrum africanum (Hook.f.) Brenan : From West and Central Africa to Sudan
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Piptadeniopsis Burkart : It contains only one species:
- Piptadeniopsis lomentifera Burkart : It occurs in Paraguay.
- Plathymenia Benth. : It contains about two types.
- Prosopidastrum Burkart : It contains five to seven species.
- Prosopis L .: The 45 or so species are mainly Neotropic from western North America to Patagonia , some species are also found in Africa and the Middle East.
- Pseudopiptadenia Rauschert : It contains about eleven species.
- Pseudoprosopis Harms : It contains about seven species.
- Schleinitzia Warb. ex Nevling & Niezgoda : it contains about six species.
- Stryphnodendron Mart. : It contains over 24 species.
- Tetrapleura Benth. : It contains two to six species.
- Xerocladia Harv. : It contains one or two types.
- Xylia Benth. : It contains nine to ten species.
Individual evidence
- The subfamily Mimosoideae within the Fabaceae family on the AP website . (Sections Description and Systematics)
- The subfamily Mimosoideae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz. (Sections Description and Ecology)
- ↑ a b c d The subfamily Mimosoideae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz.
- ^ The Legume Phylogeny Working Group (LPWG). A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny . In: Taxon , Volume 66, Issue 1, 2017, pp. 44–77. doi: 10.12705 / 661.3
- ↑ a b Mimosoideae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Enter the taxon in the search mask at International Legume Database & Information Service = ILDIS.
- ↑ Delin Wu, Ivan C. Nielsen: Acacieae , p. 55 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 10 - Fabaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7
- ^ BR Maslin, JT Miller & DS Seigler: Overview of the generic status of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) , In: Australian Systematic Botany , Volume 16, Issue 1, 2003, pp. 1-18. doi: 10.1071 / SB02008
- ^ RK Brummitt: Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 55. Proposal 1584 on Acacia , In: Taxon , Volume 53, Issue 3, 2004, pp. 826-829.
- ↑ Joseph T. Miller, David Seigler: Evolutionary and taxonomic relationships of Acacia sl (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae). Australian Systematic Botany , Volume 25, Issue 3, 2012, p. 217. doi: 10.1071 / SB11042
- ↑ CA Kleinjan, JH Hoffmann: Advances in clarifying the phylogenetic relationships of acacias: Relevance for biological control , In: Acta Oecologica , Volume 48, 2013, pp. 21-29. doi: 10.1016 / j.actao.2013.01.005
- ↑ David S. Seigler, John E. Ebinger, Joseph T. Miller: Mariosousa, a New Segregate Genus from Acacia sl (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) from Central and North America , In: Novon , Volume 16, Issue 3, 2006 p. 413 -420. doi : 10.3417 / 1055-3177 (2006) 16 [413: MANSGF] 2.0.CO; 2
- ↑ DS Seigler, JE Ebinger, JT Miller: The genus Senegalia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from the New World , In: Phytologia , Volume 88, 2006, pp. 38-93.
- ^ DS Seigler, JE Ebinger: New combinations in the genus Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from the New World , In: Phytologia , Volume 87, 2005, pp. 139-178.
- ↑ Delin Wu, Ivan C. Nielsen: Ingeae , p. 60 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 10 - Fabaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7
- ^ M. de L. Rico Arce, S. Mario Sousa, S. Sara Fuentes: Guinetia: a new genus in the tribe Ingeae (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) from Mexico. In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 54, Issue 4, 1999, pp. 977-980, f. 1-2.
- ^ GP Lewis, BD Schrire: Thailentadopsis Kostermans (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: Ingeae) resurrected. In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 58, 2003, pp. 491-494.
- ↑ Delin Wu, Ivan C. Nielsen: in the Flora of China , Volume 10, 2010: Mimoseae , p. 50 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.) : Flora of China , Volume 10 - Fabaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7
- ↑ HM Hernández, Ph. Guinet: Calliandropsis: A New Genus of Leguminosae: Mimosoideae from Mexico , In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 45, Issue 4, 1990, pp. 609-620.
- ↑ a b c d e f David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4 .
Web links
- Martin F. Wojciechowski: Entry in the Tree of Life project .