Acacia mearnsii
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Acacia mearnsii on Réunion |
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Acacia mearnsii , also known as Black Wattle referred to, is a plant in the genus Acacia ( acacia ). It isnativeto Australia but is widespread today.
features
Acacia mearnsii is a large shrub to tree that reaches heights of growth of up to 15 meters. The bark is smooth and greenish to blackish. The branches are somewhat angular and densely hairy. The leaves are olive green to dark green and bipinnate. The petiole is 10 to 50 mm long, hairy and has one to several glands. The rachis is 40 to 150 mm long and hairy. The leaf consists of 8 to 25 pairs of first-order leaflets, each 20 to 60 mm long. There are 16 to 70 pairs of pinnate leaflets of the 2nd order, which are elongated, glabrous on top, hairy on the underside and on the edges. The leaflets are 1 to 5 mm long, 0.5 to 0.8 mm wide and straight. Young leaves are golden yellow to yellow green.
The inflorescence consists of 20 to 40 pale yellow flowers with spherical heads. The inflorescence stalk is thick, golden hairs and 5 to 8 mm long. These heads are in clusters and panicles. The flowers have a calyx with short, pointed and bare lobes. The petals are glabrous, the ovary hairy.
The legume is straight, 3 to 18 cm long and 4 to 9 mm thick. It is dark and finely haired.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26 or 52.
distribution
Acacia mearnsii species is native to Australia. It occurs from northeast Tasmania over the south of Victoria to the south of New South Wales to north of Sydney . It is also found in South Australia . In other areas of New South Wales it is naturalized, where it has become independent from roadside plantings.
It grows in open eucalyptus forests and woodlands and occurs primarily on dry, heavy soils.
Acacia mearnsii is now naturalized in North and South America, Africa, Asia, Europe and the Pacific region. Outside of its area of origin , the species is often considered an invasive neophyte , which represents a massive threat to ancestral ecosystems . The South African program Working for Water aims to remove this tree species, among other things, because it has a negative impact on the water balance and indigenous plant diversity. It competes with the indigenous vegetation , reduces the indigenous biodiversity and also leads to water loss in the riparian strips. This is why Acacia mearnsii is listed in the Global Invasive Species Database among the hundred most harmful invasive neobiota in the world.
use
Tannins for leather tanning are extracted from the bark . The wood is used to make charcoal and paper. The trees were also planted to reduce soil erosion .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Terry Tame, Phillip Kodela, Barry Conn, Ken Hill: Acacia mearnsii , in: Wattle Web, Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney , 2001, accessed January 6, 2009.
- ^ Acacia mearnsii at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species . Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved February 10, 2011.
Web links
- Phil Watson: In Appreciation of the Common Black Wattle , in: Eucryphia , the newsletter of the Australian Plants Society (Tasmania), June 2000.