100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species

100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species is a list published by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN with 100 invasive species considered to be particularly problematic . The list is an extract from the Global Invasive Species Database , which contains entries on numerous invasive neobiota (891 species. Status: February 3, 2015).

According to the definition, invasive neobiota are " alien species which have established themselves in natural or semi-natural habitats, which drive their change and threaten the natural biodiversity there " ( alien species which becomes established in natural or semi-natural ecosystems or habitat, is an agent of change, and threatens native biological diversity ). In this context, alien species (neobiota) are all species that have been introduced or established by humans in regions outside their natural range.

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The list has been drawn up primarily for purposes of public relations ("to enhance awareness") and nature conservation policy. The editors themselves emphasize the difficulty in assessing how dangerous invasive species are. For example, some species cause great damage in a narrowly defined area, while other, more widespread species can have greater but less visible effects overall. The aim of the list is therefore to collect 100 species that are among those that have the greatest impact on biodiversity and human activities, highlighting various aspects of biological invasions. From genera with several invasive species, only one species was added to the list. It is also emphasized that the absence of a species on the list does not mean that it is less of a problem than the species listed. Despite these restrictions, the selection was occasionally used by scientists as a collection of particularly invasive neobiota. Such a use is the exception.

The list was first drawn up in 2000 and updated in 2004. After the rinderpest was eradicated , it was replaced in 2013 by the floating fern Salvinia molesta . Similar lists were later also drawn up by other bodies, suggested by the IUCN list. As part of the Streamlining European 2010 Biodiversity Indicators (SEBI 2010) process , the European Environment Agency has compiled a list of “100 of the worst” invasive species in the European Union. The main aim of this list is to raise awareness of the problem, so that emphasis was placed on a balanced proportion of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants from marine, limnic and terrestrial habitats. Another list of the “100 Worst Invasives” has been drawn up specifically for the marine fauna and flora of the Mediterranean.

list

Art	German name	source	origin	image
Acacia mearnsii	Blackwood acacia	[1]	Australia
Achatina fulica	Large agate snail	[2]	East Africa
Acridotheres tristis	Shepherd Maina	[3]	Central and South Asia
Aedes albopictus	Asian tiger mosquito	[4]	South East Asia
Anopheles quadrimaculatus		[5]	North America
Anoplolepis gracilipes	Yellow spinner ant	[6]	Africa
Anoplophora glabripennis	Asian longhorn beetle	[7]	East asia
Aphanomyces astaci	Caused by the cancer plague	[8th]	North America
Ardisia elliptica		[9]	South East Asia
Arundo donax	Pile pipe, Spanish pipe	[10]	Eurasia
Asterias amurensis	North Pacific starfish	[11]	far East
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV)	Caused by the tuft top disease of the banana	[12]
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis	Chytrid mushroom	[13]	Africa
Bemisia tabaci		[14]	Asia
Boiga irregularis	Brown night tree snake	[15]	Australasia
Bufo marinus = Rhinella marina	Aga toad	[16]	South America
Capra hircus	Domestic goat	[17]	Asia
Carcinus maenas	Common beach crab	[18]	Europe, North Africa
Caulerpa taxifolia		[19]	Central America, Southeast Asia, Australia
Cecropia peltata		[20]	Central America
Cercopagis pengoi		[21]	Southern Europe
Cervus elaphus	Red deer	[22]	Eurasia
Chromolaena odorata		[23]	Latin America
Cinara cupressi		[24]	Southern Europe
Cinchona pubescens	Red cinchona tree	[25]	Latin America
Clarias batrachus	Frogfish	[26]	South East Asia
Clidemia hirta		[27]	South America
Coptotermes formosanus		[28]	China
Potamocorbula amurensis = Corbula amurensis		[29]	far East
Cryphonectria parasitica	Chestnut Crab	[30]	Asia
Cyprinus carpio	carp	[31]	Europe
Dreissena polymorpha	Wandering mussel	[32]	Europe
Eichhornia crassipes	Thick-stemmed water hyacinth	[33]	South America
Eleutherodactylus coqui		[34]	South America
Eriocheir sinensis	Chinese mitten crab	[35]	Asia
Euglandina rosea	Rosy Wolf Snail	[36]	North America: USA
Euphorbia esula	Donkey milkweed	[37]	Eurasia
Fallopia japonica = Polygonum cuspidatum	Japanese knotweed	[38]	East asia
Felis silvestris catus	Domestic cat	[39]	Africa
Gambusia affinis	Leprechaun fish, western mosquito fish	[40]	North America
Hedychium gardnerianum	Butterfly ginger	[41]	India
Herpestes javanicus	Little mongoose	[42]	Asia
Hiptage benghalensis		[43]	Asia
Imperata cylindrica	Silver hair grass	[44]	Africa
Lantana camara	Convertible rose	[45]	Central America
Lates niloticus	Nile perch	[46]	West Africa
Leucaena leucocephala	Bald mimosa	[47]	Central America
Ligustrum robustum		[48]	Asia
Line issue humile	Argentine ant	[49]	South America: Argentina
Lymantria dispar	Gypsy moth	[50]	Eurasia, North Africa
Lythrum salicaria	Common loosestrife	[51]	Eurasia
Macaca fascicularis	Crab macaque	[52]	South East Asia
Melaleuca quinquenervia	Myrtle heather	[53]	Australia
Miconia calvescens		[54]	Latin America
Micropterus salmoides	Largemouth bass	[55]	North America
Mikania micrantha		[56]	Latin America
Mimosa pigra		[57]	Latin America
Mnemiopsis Leidyi	Sea walnut	[58]	Latin America
Mus musculus	House mouse	[59]	Asia
Mustela erminea	ermine	[60]	Eurasia, North America
Myocastor coypus	Nutria	[61]	South America
Myrica faya	Gagelbaum	[62]	Azores and Canaries
Mytilus galloprovincialis	Mediterranean mussel	[63]	Europe
Oncorhynchus mykiss	Rainbow trout	[64]	North America, western
Ophiostoma ulmi	Caused by Dutch elm disease	[65]	Asia
Opuntia stricta		[66]	Latin America
Oreochromis mossambicus	Mozambique cichlid	[67]	Southern Africa
Oryctolagus cuniculus	Wild rabbit	[68]	Southern Europe
Pheidole megacephala		[69]	Southern Africa
Phytophthora cinnamomi	Causes of root rot in azaleas	[70]	South East Asia
Pinus pinaster	Maritime Pine	[71]	Southern Europe
Plasmodium relictum	Caused by bird malaria	[72]	Samoa
Platydemus manokwari		[73]	New Guinea
Pomacea canaliculata	Furrowed apple snail	[74]	South America
Prosopis glandulosa	Honey mesquite	[75]	North America: California
Psidium cattleianum	Strawberry Guava	[76]	South America: Brazil
Pueraria montana var. Lobata	Kudzu	[77]	East asia
Pycnonotus cafer	Russbülbül	[78]	Asia
Lithobates catesbeianus = Rana catesbeiana	North American bullfrog	[79]	North America (Eastern)
Rattus rattus	Black rat	[80]	India
Rinderpest virus	Rinderpestvirus ( eradicated since 2010 )	[81]
Rubus ellipticus		[82]	South asia
Salmo trutta	Trout	[83]	Eurasia, North Africa
Salvinia molesta		[84]	South America: Brazil
Schinus terebinthifolius	Brazilian pepper tree	[85]	South America
Sciurus carolinensis	Gray squirrel	[86]	North America (Eastern)
Solenopsis invicta	Red fire ant	[87]	South America
Spartina anglica	Salt silt grass	[88]	Europe: Great Britain
Spathodea campanulata	African tulip tree	[89]	West Africa
Sphagneticola trilobata		[90]	Central America
Sturnus vulgaris	star	[91]	Eurasia, North Africa
Sus scrofa	wild boar	[92]	Eurasia
Tamarix pentandra = Tamarix ramosissima		[93]	Asia
Trachemys scripta elegans	Red eared slider turtle	[94]	North America (Eastern)
Trichosurus vulpecula	Fox kusu	[95]	Australia
Trogoderma granarium	Khapra beetle	[96]	India
Ulex europaeus	Gorse	[97]	Europe (western)
Undaria pinnatifida		[98]	far East
Vespula vulgaris	Common wasp	[99]	Eurasia, North America
Vulpes vulpes	Red fox	[100]	Eurasia, North Africa, North America
Wasmannia auropunctata	Little fire ant	[101]	Latin America

Individual evidence

1. ↑ S. Lowe, M. Browne, S. Boudjelas, M. De Poorter: 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species. A selection from the Global Invasive Species Database. Published by The Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) a specialist group of the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the World Conservation Union (IUCN), 12pp. First published as special lift-out in Aliens 12, December 2000. Updated and reprinted version: November 2004. Electronic version available at: PDF
2. ↑ Global Invasive Species Database Home
3. ↑ About invasive species: Definitions
4. ↑ John D. Parker, Mark E. Torchin, Ruth A. Hufbauer, Nathan P. Lemoine, Christina Alba, Dana M. Blumenthal, Oliver Bossdorf, James E. Byers, Alison M. Dunn, Robert W. Heckman, Martin Hejda, Vojtěch Jarošík, Andrew R. Kanarek, Lynn B. Martin, Sarah E. Perkins, Petr Pyšek, Kristina Schierenbeck, Carmen Schlöder, Rieks van Klinken, Kurt J. Vaughn, Wyatt Williams, and Lorne M. Wolfe (2013): Do invasive species perform better in their new ranges? Ecology 94 (5): 985-994.
5. ^ Philip E. Hulme (2011): Addressing the threat to biodiversity from botanic gardens. Trends in Ecology and Evolution Vol. 26, No. 4: 168-174. doi : 10.1016 / j.tree.2011.01.005
6. ↑ 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species
7. ↑ 100 of The Worst. DAISIE Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe.
8. ↑ European Environment Agency (editor): Invasive alien species indicators in Europe. A review of streamlining European biodiversity (SEBI) Indicator 10. EEA Technical report No 15 / 2012. download
9. ↑ N. Streftaris & A. Zenetos: Alien Marine Species in the Mediterranean - the 100 'Worst invasive' and Their Impact. Mediterranean Marine Science Volume 7/1, 2006, 87-118.