Ardisia elliptica
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Ardisia elliptica is a species of the genus Ardisia in the subfamily of the myrsine family (Myrsinoideae). It iswidespreadin the Indian subcontinent , Indochina , East Asia and Malesia and is a neophyte in many areas of the world.
description
Appearance and leaf
Ardisia elliptica grows as an evergreen shrub and reaches heights of 1 to 2 meters. The above-ground parts of the plant are bare. The bare bark of the clearly angular branches with a diameter of 3 to 4.5 millimeters is clearly black, elongated, dotted, striped and grooved lengthways.
The mostly alternate leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The bald, edged petiole is 0.5 to 1 centimeter long. The almost leathery, simple leaf blades are 6 to 12, rarely up to 16 centimeters in length and 3 to 5, rarely up to 7 centimeters in width, obverse-lanceolate or obovate with a wedge-shaped blade base and mostly blunt or pointed upper end . The smooth leaf edge is curled down. There are 12 to 34 side veins on each side of the central vein and there is a leaf vein running along the edge . Both leaf surfaces are bare and the dull underside of the leaf is densely dotted, especially along the leaf margin.
Inflorescence and flower
In China and North America, the flowering period extends from February to April. On side branches that are thickened at their base, the more or less dold-like inflorescences , each of which contain at least five flowers , are lateral to almost completely . The upright, 1 to 2 centimeter long peduncle is glabrous, densely covered with tiny white warts and densely punctured.
The hermaphroditic, leathery flowers are with a diameter of 6 to rarely 8 millimeters radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five free, dense black glandular dotted sepals are about 1 millimeter long and ovate with a wrinkled and weakly eyed base, an almost smooth, dry-skinned and tiny ciliate edge and a rounded upper end. The five pink or white petals are only slightly fused at their base. The five dense, glandular, dotted, bald, whole-rimmed corolla lobes are 6 to 8 millimeters long and ovoid with a tapering upper end and a smooth, dry-skinned, translucent edge. There is only the inner circle with five stamens ; they are almost as long as the petals. The linear-lanceolate anthers are densely dotted with glandular dots at their base, have pointed ends and open with a longitudinal slit. The pistil is as long as the petals. The above constant, spherical ovary is bare, transparent dots glandular and contains a plurality of rows in many (more than five) ovules .
Fruit and seeds
The tiny, glandular dotted, initially red, fleshy, single-seeded stone fruits , which turn purple-black when ripe, are almost spherical with a length of about 8 millimeters. In China and North America, the fruits ripen between September and November. The fruit pulp gives fingers a deep purple color.
The seeds are almost spherical with a diameter of about 5 millimeters. The seed coat (testa) has longitudinal stripes. When about 4 millimeters long embryo is Radicula having a length of about 3.5 millimeters, is much longer than the cotyledons ( cotyledons ).
Chromosome set
The basic chromosome number is x = 6; there is polyploidy with 2n = 48.
distribution
The wide natural palaeotropic distribution area of Ardisia elliptica extends from Sri Lanka to southern India and from Cambodia to Thailand , Vietnam , Malaysia , Indonesia , to the Philippines , the Ryūkyū Islands , Taiwan and Papua New Guinea . It is grown many in tropical countries (such as China and Hawaii). Ardisia elliptica is a neophyte in many tropical to subtropical areas of the world , for example in Australia, Mauritius, Reunion, the Seychelles, Hawaii, the southeastern USA (Florida) and the Caribbean islands. It is considered an invasive plant in many countries around the world .
Ardisia solanacea Roxb. and Ardisia polycephala Wight were often confused with Ardisia elliptica and so there are incorrect localities for these species.
Taxonomy
Ardisia elliptica was first published in 1798 by Carl Peter Thunberg in Nova Genera Plantarum , 8, p. 119. Synonyms Ardisia elliptica Thunb. are: Ardisia kotoensis Hayata , Ardisia littoralis Andrews , Ardisia sorsogonensis Elmer ex Merr. , Ardisia squamulosa C. Presl , Ardisia umbellata Roxb. , Bladhia elliptica (Thunb.) Nakai , Bladhia kotoensis (Hayata) Nakai , Bladhia squamulosa (C.Presl) Nakai , Tinus squamulosa (C.Presl) Kuntze .
use
Ardisia elliptica is used as an ornamental plant in the tropics to subtropics because of its decorative fruits . In Bali the plant is used as a medicinal plant.
swell
- Jie Chen, John J. Pipoly III: Myrsinaceae. : Ardisia elliptica , p. 14 - online with the same text as the printed work , Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 15 - Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St . Louis, 1996. ISBN 0-915279-37-1 (Sections Description and Systematics)
- John J. Pipoly III, Jon M. Ricketson: Ardisia. : Ardisia elliptica , p. 320 - online with the same text as the printed work , Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 8: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 (sections description and classification)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Ardisia elliptica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 27, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d data sheet Ardisia elliptica at Global Invasive Species Database of the Invasive Species Specialist Group = ISSG of the IUCN Species Survival Commission . Retrieved December 27, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Jie Chen, John J. Pipoly III: Myrsinaceae. : Ardisia elliptica , p. 14 - online with the same text as the printed work , Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 15 - Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St Louis, 1996. ISBN 0-915279-37-1
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l John J. Pipoly III, Jon M. Ricketson: Ardisia. : Ardisia elliptica , p. 320 - online with the same text as the printed work , Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 8: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6
- ↑ a b data sheet Ardisia elliptica at Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 6, 2010.
- ↑ Ardisia elliptica at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 27, 2014.
Web links
- Ardisia elliptica at Tropicos.org. In: Flora de Nicaragua . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Ardisia elliptica at Tropicos.org. In: Flora Mesoamericana . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
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