Ardisia

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Ardisia
Ardisia crenata

Ardisia crenata

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Asterids
Order : Heather-like (Ericales)
Family : Primrose Family (Primulaceae)
Subfamily : Myrsine family (Myrsinoideae)
Genre : Ardisia
Scientific name
Ardisia
Sw.

The Ardisia , also pointed flower called, are a genus of the subfamily of Myrsinengewächse (Myrsinoideae) within the family of the Primrose family (Primulaceae). The more than 400 species are mainly found in the Neotropic and tropical areas of Asia . Some species are used as ornamental plants , there are hardly any other uses by humans.

description

Illustration of Ardisia pyramidalis

Appearance and leaves

Ardisia styles are mostly woody plants: Half bushes , shrubs or trees ; they are seldom herbaceous plants . The plant parts are hairy or hairless.

Most alternate or less frequently (for example, Ardisia japonica ) pseudowirtelig arranged on the branches of leaves may be monomorphic or dimorphic, ie there are types have the two different leaf shapes. There is usually a leaf stalk. The leaf blades are lanceolate, elliptical to obovate. The leaf margins are smooth, curved or serrated. The leaf surface can be smooth, covered with scales or hairy differently and is usually dotted with glands. There are no stipules .

Inflorescences and flowers

The final pendant to inflorescences are constructed very different from traubig , doldig , schirmrispig , zymös to snarl shaped paniculate . Mostly flower stalks are present.

The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and usually five-fold, but can also be four- or six-fold with a double flower envelope (perianth). The bud cover is usually right-handed and only rarely left-handed, overlapping or twisted like a tile, often also roofed. The four to six green sepals are short bell-shaped or cup-shaped fused to almost free-standing; they are often dotted with glands. The four to six petals are fused at the base or occasionally up to half of each other, cup-shaped to bell-shaped. The corolla lobes usually overlap to the right and are bent back or protruding, only rarely upright; they are often dotted with glands. The colors of the petals range from white to pink to purple. There is only one circle with mostly five, rarely four or six, stamens . The short stamens are fused at their broad base and attach to the base or just above the base of the corolla tube. The anthers are fixed on the back, mostly elongated or almost arrow-shaped. They usually open through longitudinal slits or, more rarely, through pores at the tip or near the upper end. The ovary is ovate to almost ball-shaped and is at least as long as the petals. The ovary contains few to many ovules . The ovary is ovoid to almost spherical and is at least as long as the petals. which are usually in several rows. The stylus is long and slender and often protrudes beyond the crown. The tiny scar is fine and has a point-like ending.

Fruits and seeds

With a diameter of 4 to 8 millimeters, the more or less spherical, single-seeded stone fruits have a fleshy exocarp and a crusty or bony endocarp and have the permanent style at the tip; the peel is dotted with glands. The ovary is ovoid to nearly spherical, and at least as long as the petals. When ripe, the white to black seeds are spherical and are enveloped by membranous placenta formations. The ovary is egg-shaped to almost spherical and is at least as long as the petals.

Sets of chromosomes

The basic chromosome number is x = 6.

Branch with sawn leaves from below and fruits of Ardisia cornudentata
Ardisia costaricensis
Branch with leaves and fruits of Ardisia elliptica
Branch with leaves and inflorescence of Ardisia escallonioides
Ardisia forbesii
Branch with toothed leaves and fruits of Ardisia japonica
Inflorescence of Ardisia pleurobotrya
Inflorescence of Ardisia polycephala
Ardisia quinquegona
Ardisia Sieboldii
Habit, leaves, inflorescences and unripe fruits of Ardisia solanacea
Ardisia squamulosa
Flowers of Ardisia wallichii

Systematics

The genus name Ardisia was first published in 1788 by Olof Swartz in Nova Genera et Species Plantarum seu Prodromus , 3, p. 48. Type species is Ardisia tinifolia Sw. In 1791 Joseph Gärtner wrote Ardisia in De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum , 2, 78, plate 94, fig. 2 with the type species Ardisia acerosa Gaertn. nom. illegal. also published; Ardisia Gaertn. is a synonym of Cyathodes Labill. and Leptecophylla C.M.Weiller . Synonyms for Ardisia Sw. are: Amatlania Lundell , Auriculardisia Lundell , Bladhia Thunb. , Graphardisia (Mez) Lundell , Icacorea Aubl. , Oerstedianthus Lundell , Parardisia M.P.Nayar & GSGiri , Pimelandra A.DC. , Synardisia (Mez) Lundell , Valerioanthus Lundell ; some of them today have the rank of sub-genera.

The wide distribution area of ​​the genus Ardisia is mainly in the tropical areas of eastern and south-eastern Asia, Australia, on the Pacific islands and in the Neotropics . There are 65 species in China. The only four species found in North America are neophytes .

The genus Ardisia contains 400 to 500 species:

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

No longer belonging to the genus (selection):

use

Some species are used as ornamental plants , for example in cool rooms.

The floury fruits of Ardisia Sieboldii are eaten cooked when there is nothing else left. The raw leaves of Ardisia crispa are eaten as a salad. The medicinal effects of some species have been studied.

The drug made from dried plant parts of Ardisia japonica is used in traditional Chinese medicine as a cough suppressant.

swell

  • Jie Chen, John J. Pipoly III: Myrsinaceae. : Ardisia , p. 10 - online with the same text as the printed work , Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 15 - Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 . (Sections Description and Systematics)
  • John J. Pipoly III, Jon M. Ricketson: Ardisia , p. 318: - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 8: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 . (Description and classification sections)
  • BR Jackes: Taxonomic revision of Australian Myrsinaceae: Ardisia Sw. and Tetrardisia Mez. In: Austrobaileya , Volume 8, Issue 1, 2009, pp. 19-21.
  • Henri Alain Liogier: Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjancent Islands, Spermatophyta , Volume IV: Melastomataceae to Lentibulariaceae . Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1995, ISBN 0-8477-2337-2 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq Jie Chen, John J. Pipoly III: Myrsinaceae. : Ardisia , p. 10 - online with the same text as the printed work , Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 15 - Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g John J. Pipoly III, Jon M. Ricketson: Ardisia , p. 318: - text online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 8: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 .
  3. ↑ Olof Swartz: Nova Genera et Species Plantarum seu Prodromus , 3, 1788, p. 48 scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  4. ^ Ardisia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 14, 2014.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Ardisia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  6. ^ Australian Plant Name Index = APNI.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f Ardisia at Tropicos.org. In: Peru Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Ardisia at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  9. ↑ a b Ardisia at Tropicos.org. In: Bolivia Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  10. ↑ Entries on Ardisia in Plants For A Future
  11. ↑ Zhongyao Xue, Xuemin Gao, Beijing, Zhongguo Zhongyiyao Chubanshe, 2007.1, ISBN 978-7-80156-318-7

Web links

Commons : Ardisia  - collection of images, videos and audio files