Notched pointed flower

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Notched pointed flower
Ardisia crenata 20101209 a.jpg

Notched pointed flower ( Ardisia crenata )

Systematics
Asterids
Order : Heather-like (Ericales)
Family : Primrose Family (Primulaceae)
Subfamily : Myrsine family (Myrsinoideae)
Genre : Ardisia
Type : Notched pointed flower
Scientific name
Ardisia crenata
Sims

The notched pointed flower ( Ardisia crenata ), also called coral berry or spice berry , is a species of plant from the genus Ardisia in the subfamily of the myrsine family (Myrsinoideae). It is native to southwest India , Malaysia , the Philippines , Japan , Taiwan , Vietnam and China and is wild in many parts of the tropics and subtropics . Ardisia crenata is used as an ornamental plant.

description

Habit, leaves and fruit heads.
The dotted leaf blade with a wavy and recurved leaf margin with the typical knots.
Inflorescence with five-fold flowers.

Vegetative characteristics

Ardisia crenata grows as a shrub and usually reaches heights of 1 to 1.5 (up to 3) meters. The bark of the branches, the underside of the leaf and the inflorescence rhachis are initially covered with tiny reddish glands, but they soon become bare. The stem-round branches have a cross section of 3 to 4 mm and a brownish bark.

The alternate leaves arranged on the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The bald petiole is 6 to 10 mm long. The simple, leathery to paper-like leaf blade is 7 to 15 cm long and 2 to 4 cm wide and is narrowly lanceolate, elliptical to inverted-lanceolate with a wedge-shaped blade base and a pointed to pointed upper end. The leaf surfaces are clearly reddish dotted with glands. There are 12 to 18 lateral nerves on each side of the midrib, and the marginal nerve is often hidden by the bent-back edge of the leaf. The leaf edge is notched or corrugated and has large, ellipsoidal, vascularized nodes in which the bacterium is Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum symbiotically located. There are no stipules .

Generative characteristics

The flowering period usually extends from May to June. On special, mostly 4 to 16 (up to 40) cm long, two- to three-leaved side branches stand the dold-like or zymous inflorescences , each containing five to 18 or more flowers. The sometimes upright flower stalks are 7 to 10 cm long.

The hermaphrodite flowers are usually five-fold, rarely four or six-fold with a double flower envelope . The usually five, rarely four or six green, bare, dotted sepals are usually 1 to 1.5 (up to 2.5) mm long and elongated-ovoid with a rounded to blunt end and a smooth edge and only very slightly below each other short overgrown. The usually five, rarely four or six white or rarely pink, with a length of 4 to 6 mm egg-shaped petals are only fused at the base, as well as spread out to bent back and have a pointed upper end and a smooth edge. There is only one circle with mostly five stamens ; these do not protrude beyond the petals. The very short stamens are fused at their broad base and start around the base of the petals. The unterseits dotted anthers are triangular-lanceolate jump with a pointed top end and having longitudinal slots. The nearly spherical, bare, dotted ovary contains standing about five in a row ovules . The long, slender stylus ends in a point-shaped scar . The pistil is almost as long as the petals.

With a diameter of 6 to 8 mm, the stone fruits are fleshy and have the constant style at the tip. The peel of the stone fruit is dotted. The fruits, which are initially light green and turn dark red when ripe in October to December, remain on the bush for up to a year or longer after ripening, whereby their coloration can change to black. The seeds are spherical.

Occurrence

Ardisia crenata is native to southwestern India , Myanmar , Malaysia , the Philippines , Japan , Taiwan , Vietnam , Korea, and China . In China it thrives in forests, on hills and in valleys in shrubby areas and dark, humid locations at altitudes between 100 and 2400 meters in the provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, southwestern Xizang, Yunnan and Zhejiang. It is overgrown in many parts of the tropics and subtropics .

It thrives on acidic soils .

Systematics

The valid first description of Ardisia crenata was in 1817 by John Sims in Botanical Magazine , 45, plate 1950. There is also the homonym Ardisia crenata Roxb. in Flora Indica; or descriptions of Indian Plants , 2, 1824, p. 276. Synonyms for Ardisia crenata Sims are: Ardisia bicolor E. Walker , Ardisia crenata fo. hortensis (Migo) WZFang & K.Yao , Ardisia crenata fo. taguetii (Nakai) Ohwi , Ardisia crenata subsp. crassinervosa (E. Walker) CMHu & JEVidal , Ardisia crenata subsp. mouretii (Pit.) CMHu & JEVidal , Ardisia crenata var. bicolor (E. Walker) CYWu & C.Chen , Ardisia crispa var. taquetii H.Lév. , Ardisia konishii Hayata , Ardisia kusukusensis Hayata , Ardisia labordei H.Lév. , Ardisia lentiginosa Ker Gawl. , Ardisia lentiginosa var. Ractangularis Hatus. , Ardisia linangensis C.M.Hu , Ardisia miaoliensis S.Y.Lu , Ardisia mouretii Pit. , Bladhia crenata ( Sims) H.Hara , Bladhia crenata var. Taquetii H.Hara , Bladhia crispa var. Taquetii (H.Lév.) Nakai , Bladhia lentiginosa (Ker Gawl.) Nakai , Bladhia lentiginosa fo. hortensis Migo , Bladhia lentiginosa var. lanceolata Masam.

Ardisia crenata belongs to the subgenus Crispardisia in the genus Ardisia . Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A.DC also belongs to the same subgenus . , with which Ardisia crenata is easily and often confused.

use

Ardisia crenata is used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens in the tropics and subtropics . It is also suitable as a houseplant and is one of the few plant species that have been selected for this because of their decorative fruits. When cultivating it should be noted that it requires an acidic substrate. It is propagated via cuttings. There are some forms of selection.

Ardisia crenata is mentioned in the Bencao gangmu , where it is described as a medicine for sore throats .

The medical effects were examined.

ingredients

Ardisia crenata is slightly poisonous. It contains saponins called ardisicrenosides and the aglycon ardisicrenogenin.

swell

  • Jie Chen, John J. Pipoly III: Myrsinaceae. In: Flora of China. Volume 15, 1996, p. 19: Ardisia crenata (section description and distribution)
  • John J. Pipoly III, Jon M. Ricketson: Ardisia. In Flora of North America. Volume 8, 2009, p. 319: Ardisia crenata (section description, use, systematics and distribution)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Ardisia crenata in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  2. ^ Henri Alain Liogier: Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjancent Islands, Spermatophyta , Volume IV: Melastomataceae to Lentibulariaceae . Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1995, ISBN 0-8477-2337-2 .
  3. ↑ First description scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  4. ↑ Ardisia crenata at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  5. ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica: The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 , p. 1008 .
  6. ↑ Entry in Plants for A Future .
  7. ↑ Entry at GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium .

Web links

Commons : Ardisia crenata  - collection of images, videos and audio files

further reading