Mimosa family

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Mimosa family
Vachellia tortilis

Vachellia tortilis

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Mimosa family
Scientific name
Mimosoideae
( R.Br. ) DC.

The Mimosa Family (Mimosoideae) are a subfamily within the family of legumes (Fabaceae). The 79 to 82 genera with about 3275 plant species are distributed almost worldwide in tropical to subtropical or warm-temperate areas. Only 64 species occur in Central Europe.

description

Illustration by Albizia odoratissima
Tribe Acacieae: branch with inflorescences and leaves of Acacia mearnsii
Flower diagram of A Mimosa pudica , B Acacia lophantha
Tribus Acacieae: pinnate leaves and capillary inflorescences of the sweet acacia ( Vachellia farnesiana )
Tribe Ingeae: pinnate leaves and inflorescence of Abarema cochliocarpos
Tribe Ingeae: pinnate leaves and capillary inflorescences of the rain tree ( Albizia saman )
Tribe Ingeae: pinnate leaves, inflorescences and legumes of Falcataria moluccana
Tribe Ingeae: Inga edulis , flowering
Tribe Ingeae: pinnate leaves and inflorescences of Paraserianthes lophantha
Tribe Ingeae: pinnate leaves and inflorescences of Pithecellobium dulce
Tribus Mimoseae: pinnate leaves and inflorescences of Desmanthus virgatus
Tribus Mimoseae: inflorescences and pinnate leaves of Mimosa verrucosa
Tribe Mimoseae: inflorescence and legumes of Parkia platycephala
Tribus Mimoseae: deciduous leaves and legumes of Stryphnodendron astringens
Tribus Mimoseae: Budding and full-flowering, head-shaped inflorescences of Xylia xylocarpa

Appearance and leaves

The species of the subfamily Mimosoideae are mostly evergreen or deciduous woody plants: trees and shrubs ; they are rarely annual, biennial or herbaceous perennials . They usually grow upright on their own or, less often, by climbing. They can be halophytic, mesophytic or xerophytic . They can contain resin. Sometimes the shoot axes take on the task of photosynthesis .

In some species, heterophylly occurs. The alternate and spiral or two-line arranged leaves are usually well developed, sessile to stalked or less often reduced. The leaf blades of the well-developed deciduous leaves are singly or often doubly pinnate. The pinnate leaf blades can contain many leaflets, or sometimes just two. The leaflets can be herbaceous, leathery or fleshy. The leaf surfaces can be dotted glandular. Sometimes the leaves are transformed into phyllodes or thorns . There are mostly durable to early falling stipules ; they can be leaf-like or reduced to thorns, glands or scales.

Inflorescences, flowers and fruits

There are too many flowers together in differently structured inflorescences. They are usually characterized by radial symmetry , (three- to six-) usually five-fold flowers , which are mostly hermaphroditic, rarely unisexual. The mostly numerous (3 to 100) stamens are often fused together and often protrude beyond the crown. The stamens can all be fertile or some of them are transformed into staminodes . There is usually only one carpel , with a few genera there are two to 16 carpels. There are usually legumes formed.

ecology

Nitrogen fixation is common.

The pollination is done in many ways: anemophily , Entomophilie , ornithophily or Chiropterophilie .

Systematics

The subfamily of the Mimosoideae was formerly also known as the independent family Mimosaceae R.Br. considered. Molecular biological work shows that the Mimosoideae represent a monophyletic group, which, however, is embedded in the carob family . For this reason, the subfamily Mimosoideae is not considered in the latest systematics of the Legume Phylogeny Working Group .

The subfamily of the Mimosoideae is divided into three tribes and contains 79 to 82 genera with about 3275 species:

  • Tribe Acacia ( Acacieae Benth. ): The distribution area of ​​the five genera includes the area of ​​the Indian Ocean, tropical Asia, the Neotropic and Australia. For a long time the tribe only contained the genus Acacia . Many non-Australian species have been separated into four genera:
    • Acacia Mill .: Today it contains about 948 species mainly in Australia , but also seven on Pacific islands, one or two in Madagascar and ten in tropical Asia.
    • Acaciella Britton & Rose (formerly Acacia subg. Aculeiferum sect. Filicinae ): The approximately 15 species are common in the Neotropic.
    • Mariosousa Seigler & Ebinger : The approximately 13 species are common in the Neotropic.
    • Senegalia Raf. (formerly Acacia subg. Aculeiferum ): It is pantropical with 203 species.
    • Vachellia Wight & Arn. (formerly Acacia subg. Acacia ): It is pantropical with 163 species.
  • Tribe Ingeae Benth. : It contains about 36 genera:
    • Abarema Pittier : There are about 45 species.
    • Albizia Durazz. (Syn .: Arthrosamanea Britton & Rose , Balizia Barneby & JWGrimes , Besenna A.Rich., Cathormion (Benth.) Hassk. , Macrosamanea Britton & Rose , Parasamanea Kosterm. , Parenterolobium Kosterm. , Pseudalbizzia Britton & Rose , Samanea (DC. ) Merr. , Sassa Bruce ex JFGmel. , Serialbizzia Kosterm. ): It contains about 100 to 150 species.
    • Archidendron F. Muell. : There are about 96 types.
    • Archidendropsis I.C. Nielsen : The five or so species occur in Australasia .
    • Blanchetiodendron Barneby & JWGrimes : It contains only one species:
    • Calliandra Benth. : The 150 to 200 species are mainly common in the Neotropic.
    • Cedrelinga Ducke : It contains only one species:
    • Cojoba Britton & Rose : There are around 17 types.
    • Ebenopsis Britton & Rose : The threeor sospecies are distributed from Florida and Texas to the Yucatán .
    • Enterolobium Mart. : There are about twelve types.
    • Faidherbia A. Chev. : It contains only one type:
      • Anabaum ( Faidherbia albida (Delile) A.Chev. ): It comes from Africa and the Middle East and is a neophyte in India, Pakistan and Ascension .
    • Falcataria (ICNielsen) Barneby & JWGrimes : It contains only one species:
    • Guinetia L.Rico & M.Sousa : It contains only one species:
    • Havardia Small : The five or so species occur from Texas to Mexico to Central America.
    • Hesperalbizia Barneby & JWGrimes : It contains only one species:
    • Hydrochorea Barneby & JWGrimes : The three or so species are native to Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and Brazil.
    • Inga Mill .: The approximately 350 species are common in the Neotropic, especially in the Andes foothills.
    • Leucochloron Barneby & JWGrimes : The four or so species are common in Brazil.
    • Lysiloma Benth. : There are about eleven types.
    • Painteria Britton & Rose : Of the approximately four species, three arenativeto north to central Mexico and one to Sri Lanka .
    • Pararchidendron I.C.Nielsen : it contains only one type:
    • Paraserianthes I.C. Nielsen : Contains only one species:
    • Pithecellobium Mart. : It contains about 40 to 75 species, for example:
    • Pseudosamanea Harms : It contains only one species:
    • Serianthes Benth. : There are about twelve types.
    • Sphinga Barneby & JWGrimes : The only three species are distributed from northern Mexico via Central America and Cuba to Colombia and Venezuela.
    • Thailentadopsis Kosterm. : The three or so species occur in Asia.
    • Viguieranthus Villiers : There are about 18 species.
    • Wallaceodendron coord .: It contains only one species:
    • Xerocladia Harv. : It contains only one type:
    • Zapoteca H.M.Hern. : There are about 18 types.
  • Tribe Mimoseae Benth. : It contains about 42 genera:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d The subfamily Mimosoideae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz.
  2. ^ The Legume Phylogeny Working Group (LPWG). A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny . In: Taxon , Volume 66, Issue 1, 2017, pp. 44–77. doi: 10.12705 / 661.3
  3. ↑ a b Mimosoideae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  4. ↑ Enter the taxon in the search mask at International Legume Database & Information Service = ILDIS.
  5. ↑ Delin Wu, Ivan C. Nielsen: Acacieae , p. 55 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 10 - Fabaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7
  6. ^ BR Maslin, JT Miller & DS Seigler: Overview of the generic status of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) , In: Australian Systematic Botany , Volume 16, Issue 1, 2003, pp. 1-18. doi: 10.1071 / SB02008
  7. ^ RK Brummitt: Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 55. Proposal 1584 on Acacia , In: Taxon , Volume 53, Issue 3, 2004, pp. 826-829.
  8. ↑ Joseph T. Miller, David Seigler: Evolutionary and taxonomic relationships of Acacia sl (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae). Australian Systematic Botany , Volume 25, Issue 3, 2012, p. 217. doi: 10.1071 / SB11042
  9. ↑ CA Kleinjan, JH Hoffmann: Advances in clarifying the phylogenetic relationships of acacias: Relevance for biological control , In: Acta Oecologica , Volume 48, 2013, pp. 21-29. doi: 10.1016 / j.actao.2013.01.005
  10. ↑ David S. Seigler, John E. Ebinger, Joseph T. Miller: Mariosousa, a New Segregate Genus from Acacia sl (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) from Central and North America , In: Novon , Volume 16, Issue 3, 2006 p. 413 -420. doi : 10.3417 / 1055-3177 (2006) 16 [413: MANSGF] 2.0.CO; 2
  11. ↑ DS Seigler, JE Ebinger, JT Miller: The genus Senegalia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from the New World , In: Phytologia , Volume 88, 2006, pp. 38-93.
  12. ^ DS Seigler, JE Ebinger: New combinations in the genus Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from the New World , In: Phytologia , Volume 87, 2005, pp. 139-178.
  13. ↑ Delin Wu, Ivan C. Nielsen: Ingeae , p. 60 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 10 - Fabaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7
  14. ^ M. de L. Rico Arce, S. Mario Sousa, S. Sara Fuentes: Guinetia: a new genus in the tribe Ingeae (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) from Mexico. In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 54, Issue 4, 1999, pp. 977-980, f. 1-2.
  15. ^ GP Lewis, BD Schrire: Thailentadopsis Kostermans (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: Ingeae) resurrected. In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 58, 2003, pp. 491-494.
  16. ↑ Delin Wu, Ivan C. Nielsen: in the Flora of China , Volume 10, 2010: Mimoseae , p. 50 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.) : Flora of China , Volume 10 - Fabaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7
  17. ↑ HM Hernández, Ph. Guinet: Calliandropsis: A New Genus of Leguminosae: Mimosoideae from Mexico , In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 45, Issue 4, 1990, pp. 609-620.
  18. ↑ a b c d e f David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4 .

Web links

Commons : Mimosa Family  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Mimosa plant  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations