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{{Short description|British architect and builder}}
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'''Stiff Leadbetter''' (c.1705–18 August 1766) was a British [[architect]] and builder, one of the most successful architect–builders of the 1750s and 1760s, working for many leading aristocratic families.<ref name=ODNB>{{cite book |title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography; entry for Stiff Leadbetter |last=Worsley |first=Giles |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2004 |publisher=OUP |location= |isbn= |pages= |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/64179 }}</ref>
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
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== Career ==
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'''Stiff Leadbetter''' (c.1705–18 August 1766) was a British architect and builder, one of the most successful architect–builders of the 1750s and 1760s, working for many leading aristocratic families.<ref name=ODNB>{{cite book |title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography; entry for Stiff Leadbetter |last=Worsley |first=Giles |author-link=Giles Worsley |year=2004 |publisher=OUP |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/64179 }}</ref>


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==Career==
[[Image:NunehamHouse02.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Nuneham House, Nuneham Courtenay, Oxfordshire. Designed by Leadbetter, 1757.]]
[[Image:NunehamHouse02.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Nuneham House, Nuneham Courtenay, Oxfordshire. Designed by Leadbetter, 1757.]]
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Leadbetter's career began when he was apprenticed as a carpenter in 1719, and he worked for the next decade or so as a [[journeyman]] carpenter. By 1731 he had settled in Eton, marrying Elizabeth Hill (born c.1709), daughter of a London timber merchant; and he worked as carpenter to [[Eton College]] from 1740. Leadbetter leased Eton College Wharf as his principal home and workshop from 1744. He was employed as a builder in his own right by the 1740s, and in the following two decades he worked both as a designer but primarily as a builder of many new [[English country house|country houses]], hospitals and speculative urban development. In 1756 Leadbetter was appointed as [[Surveyor of the Fabric of St Paul's Cathedral]], and through this position also gained many ecclesiastical commissions.

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Leadbetter’s career began when he was [[apprentice|apprenticed]] as a carpenter in 1719, and he worked for the next decade or so as a [[journeyman]] carpenter. By 1731 he had settled in Eton, marrying Elizabeth Hill (born c.1709), daughter of a London timber merchant; and he worked as carpenter to [[Eton College]] from 1740. Leadbetter leased Eton College Wharf as his principal home and workshop from 1744. He was employed as a builder in his own right by the 1740s, and in the following two decades he worked both as a designer but primarily as a builder of many new country houses, hospitals and speculative urban development. In 1756 Leadbetter was appointed as surveyor of [[St Paul's Cathedral]], and through this position also gained many ecclesiastical commissions.


Many of his buildings were built within a close distance of Eton. As a builder he carried out the designs of other architects, notably [[Robert Adam]] and [[James Stuart (1713-1788)|James Stuart]].
Many of his buildings were built within a close distance of Eton. As a builder he carried out the designs of other architects, notably [[Robert Adam]] and [[James Stuart (1713-1788)|James Stuart]].


Leadbetter’s patron was [[Francis Godolphin, 2nd Earl of Godolphin|Francis Godolphin]], second earl of Godolphin, and through him, Leadbetter was introduced to and employed by the dukes of Portland, Marlborough, and Bedford, the countesses of Essex and Pomfret, Lord Foley, [[Edward Boscawen|Admiral Boscawen]], Sir John Elvill, and others.
Leadbetter's patron was [[Francis Godolphin, 2nd Earl of Godolphin|Francis Godolphin]], second earl of Godolphin, and through him, Leadbetter was introduced to and employed by the dukes of Portland, Marlborough, and Bedford, the countesses of Essex and Pomfret, Lord Foley, [[Edward Boscawen|Admiral Boscawen]], Sir John Elwill, and others.


[[John Hawks (architect)|John Hawks]], the architect of [[Tryon Palace]], the official residence of the Governor of [[North Carolina]], [[United States]], trained under Leadbetter.<ref name=ChithamLoth>{{cite book |title= The Classical Orders of Architecture | last=Robert Chitham, Calder Loth |year= 2005|publisher= Elsevier|pages= 119}}</ref>
[[John Hawks (architect)|John Hawks]], the architect of [[Tryon Palace]], the official residence of the governor of [[North Carolina]], United States, trained under Leadbetter.<ref name=ChithamLoth>{{cite book |title= The Classical Orders of Architecture | last=Robert Chitham, Calder Loth |year= 2005|publisher= Elsevier|pages= 119}}</ref>


==Appraisal==
==Appraisal==
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[[File:Elvills, Englefield Green, Surrey, 1827.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Castle Hill, Englefield Green|Elvills]], Englefield Green, Surrey. Designed by Leadbetter, 1758–63.]]

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Leadbetter's work has been both praised and slightly damned by critics. [[Giles Worsley]], who has written several articles about Leadbetter, stated
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[[Image:Elvills.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Elvills, Englewood Green, Surrey. Designed by Leadbetter, 1758-63.]]

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Leadbetter's work has been both praised and slightly damned by critics. Giles Worsley, who has written several articles about Leadbetter, stated


<blockquote>He was an innovative and possibly influential planner at a time when the design of the British country house was undergoing rapid change. His country houses, though plain in their interior and external detail, are imaginative, varied, and above all practical in their planning. Although he was not a leader in stylistic development, Elvills, Surrey (1758–63), was the first completely new house of the Georgian [[Gothic revival]].<ref name=ODNB/></blockquote>
<blockquote>He was an innovative and possibly influential planner at a time when the design of the British country house was undergoing rapid change. His country houses, though plain in their interior and external detail, are imaginative, varied, and above all practical in their planning. Although he was not a leader in stylistic development, Elvills, Surrey (1758–63), was the first completely new house of the Georgian [[Gothic revival]].<ref name=ODNB/></blockquote>
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Newton Park described by [[Nikolaus Pevsner]] as "one of the finest country mansions of the 18th century in Somerset".<ref name=PevsnerSom>{{cite book |title= North Somerset and Bristol (The Buildings of England Series)|last=Pevsner |first=Nikolaus |year= 1958|publisher= Penguin Books|pages= 234}}</ref>
Newton Park described by [[Nikolaus Pevsner]] as "one of the finest country mansions of the 18th century in Somerset".<ref name=PevsnerSom>{{cite book |title= North Somerset and Bristol (The Buildings of England Series)|last=Pevsner |first=Nikolaus |year= 1958|publisher= Penguin Books|pages= 234}}</ref>


Less generous praise comes from other quarters, sometimes emphasising his earlier trade as a carpenter and ignoring his work as an architect: "a minor provincial carpenter and builder",<ref name=Wood>{{cite book |title= Nancy Lancaster: English Country House Style |last=Wood |first=Martin |year= 2005|publisher= Frances Lincoln Ltd|pages= 85 and 190}}</ref>"a second generation [[Palladian_architecture#English_Palladian_revival_.28neo-Palladian.29|Palladian]] whose works lacked flair",<ref name=Placzek/> a "competent but dull architect"<ref>{{cite book |title= English Hospitals 1660-1948: A Survey of Their Architecture and Design |last=Harriet Richardson, Ian H. Goodall |first= |year= 1998|publisher= Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England) |pages= 23}}</ref> and "a thorough but uninspired architect".<ref>{{cite book |title= Glass Houses: A History of Greenhouses, Orangeries and Conservatories |last=May Woods, Arete Swartz Warren |first= |year= 1988|publisher= Rizzoli |pages= 70}}</ref>
Less generous praise comes from other quarters, sometimes emphasising his earlier trade as a carpenter and ignoring his work as an architect: "a minor provincial carpenter and builder",<ref name=Wood>{{cite book |title= Nancy Lancaster: English Country House Style |last=Wood |first=Martin |year= 2005|publisher= Frances Lincoln Ltd|pages= 85 and 190}}</ref> "a second generation [[Palladian architecture#English Palladian revival .28neo-Palladian.29|Palladian]] whose works lacked flair",<ref name=Placzek/> a "competent but dull architect"<ref>{{cite book |title= English Hospitals 1660–1948: A Survey of Their Architecture and Design |last=Harriet Richardson, Ian H. Goodall |year= 1998|publisher= Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England) |pages= 23}}</ref> and "a thorough but uninspired architect".<ref>{{cite book |title= Glass Houses: A History of Greenhouses, Orangeries and Conservatories |last=May Woods, Arete Swartz Warren |year= 1988|publisher= Rizzoli |pages= 70}}</ref>

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Leadbetter’s entry in [[Howard Colvin|Colvin's]] Biographical Dictionary of British Architects describes him as ‘a very competent architect who designed a number of handsome Georgian country houses that are essentially Palladian in character’<ref name=Colvin>{{cite book |title= A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600–1840: Fourth Edition|last=Colvin |first=Howard |year= 2008|publisher= Yale University Press|pages= 636–638}}</ref>


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==Personal life==
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Leadbetter does not warrant an individual entry in [[Howard Colvin|Colvin's]] dictionary of British architects, but is described in another architect's entry as "the master carpenter employed to carry out Robert Adam's designs" (at Syon House, 1763-5).<ref name=Colvin>{{cite book |title= A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600-1840: Fourth Edition|last=Colvin |first=Howard |year= 2008|publisher= Yale University Press|pages= 118}}</ref>
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Leadbetter and his wife Elizabeth had five children in their short marriage, before Elizabeth died in 1737. Four of Leadbetter's children died before him.


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==Projects (incomplete list)==
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== Personal life ==
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*[[Bulstrode Park]], [[Gerrards Cross]], Buckinghamshire 1740s for [[William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland]] – original house dating from 1676–85 altered significantly by Leadbetter, later demolished in 1860 and replaced by present-day building.<ref name=dicamillo>{{cite web|url=http://www.dicamillocompanion.com/Houses_hgpm.asp?ID=333|title=Bulstrode Park Buckinghamshire England|publisher=The DiCamillo Companion|access-date=3 October 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519000209/http://www.dicamillocompanion.com/houses_hgpm.asp?ID=333|archive-date=19 May 2011|df=dmy-all}}.</ref>
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Leadbetter and his wife Elizabeth had five children in their short marriage, before Elizabeth died in 1737. Four of Leadbetter’s children died before him.
⚫
*[[Ditchley]], [[Charlbury]], Oxfordshire 1763 Ionic rotunda in the grounds for [[Robert Lee, 4th Earl of Lichfield]].<ref name=Wood/>
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*[[Castle Hill, Englefield Green|Elvills]] (now Castle Hill), [[Englefield Green]], Surrey 1758–63 for [[Sir John Elwill, 4th Baronet]].<ref name=ODNB/>
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*[[Fulham Palace]] 1764-6 East Court, rebuilt in Gothick style for [[Richard Terrick|Bishop Terrick]].<ref name=IoEFulham>{{NHLE|num=1286903 |desc= WEST COURT AND EAST COURT, FULHAM PALACE SW6 FULHAM, HAMMERSMITH AND FULHAM, GREATER LONDON|accessdate=3 October 2008}}</ref>
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*[[Hatchlands Park]], [[East Clandon]], Surrey 1756-7 for [[Admiral Boscawen]].<ref name=IoEHatchlands>{{NHLE|num=1294970 |desc= HATCHLANDS, THE STREET EAST CLANDON, GUILDFORD, SURREY |accessdate=3 October 2008}}</ref><ref name=NTHatchlands>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-hatchlandspark/w-hatchlandspark-history.htm|title=History of Hatchlands Park|publisher=The National Trust|access-date=3 October 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708221814/http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-hatchlandspark/w-hatchlandspark-history.htm|archive-date=8 July 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
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*[[Langley Park, Buckinghamshire|Langley Park]], [[Wexham]], Buckinghamshire 1755-8 for [[Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough]].<ref name=IoELangley>{{NHLE|num=1125028 |desc= LANGLEY PARK INCLUDING QUADRANT WALLS, CORNER TOWERS, PAVILIONS AND ORANGERY, WEXHAM, SOUTH BUCKS, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE
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|accessdate=3 October 2008}}</ref><ref name=BCCLangley>{{cite web|url=http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/bcc/content/index.jsp?contentid=-1836125057 |title=Langley Park Project: Detailed History |publisher=Buckinghamshire County Council |access-date=3 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210081600/http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/bcc/content/index.jsp?contentid=-1836125057 |archive-date=10 February 2012 }}</ref>
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*[[Newton Park]], [[Newton St Loe]], Somerset 1762-5 for Joseph Langton.<ref name=IoENewton>{{NHLE|num=1312838 |desc= NEWTON PARK THE COUNTRY HOUSE OF THE COLLEGE ONLY, NEWTON ST LOE, BATH AND NORTH EAST SOMERSET, SOMERSET |accessdate=3 October 2008}}</ref>
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*[[Nuneham House]], [[Nuneham Courtenay]], Oxfordshire 1757 for [[Simon Harcourt, 1st Earl Harcourt]].<ref name=IoENuneham>{{NHLE|num=1286179 |desc= NUNEHAM PARK, NUNEHAM COURTENAY, SOUTH OXFORDSHIRE, OXFORDSHIRE|accessdate=3 October 2008}}</ref>
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*[[Radcliffe Infirmary]], [[Oxford]] 1759–70 for the Radcliffe Trustees (benefaction of Dr. John Radcliffe).<ref name=IoERadcliffe>{{NHLE|num=1047066 |desc= THE RADCLIFFE INFIRMARY (MAIN BLOCK), WOODSTOCK ROAD (west side) OXFORD, OXFORD, OXFORDSHIRE |accessdate=3 October 2008}}</ref>
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*[[Shardeloes]], [[Amersham]], Buckinghamshire 1758–66 for William Drake.<ref name=IoEShardeloes>{{NHLE|num=1238040 |desc= SHARDELOES, WENDOVER ROAD A413 (south side) AMERSHAM, CHILTERN, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE |accessdate=3 October 2008}}</ref><ref name=AmShardeloes>{{cite web|url=http://www.amersham.org.uk/shardeloes.htm|title= Shardeloes|publisher=Amersham town website|access-date=3 October 2008}}</ref>
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*[[Syon House]], [[Hounslow]] 1763-5 for [[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland]].<ref name=Colvin/>
*[[Taplow Court]], [[Taplow]], Buckinghamshire about 1743 for [[Murrough O'Brien, 1st Marquess of Thomond]] (5th Earl of Inchiquin).<ref name=GJ-S>{{cite journal|title = The Cliveden Album II: Nineteenth Century and Miscellaneous Drawings |journal = [[Architectural History (journal)|Architectural History]]|volume = 46|pages = 65–116|year = 2003}}</ref>


==References==
⚫
== Projects (incomplete list) ==
{{Reflist}}
⚫
*[[Bulstrode Park]] 1740s for [[William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland]] - original house dating from 1676-85 altered significantly by Leadbetter, later demolished in 1860 and replaced by present-day building.<ref name=dicamillo>{{cite web|url=http://www.dicamillocompanion.com/Houses_hgpm.asp?ID=333|title= Bulstrode Park Buckinghamshire England |publisher=The DiCamillo Companion|accessdate=2008-10-03}}.</ref>
⚫
*[[Ditchley]] 1763 Ionic rotunda in the grounds.<ref name=Wood/>
⚫
*[[Elvills]], Englefield Green, Surrey 1758–63 for Sir John Elwill.<ref name=ODNB/>
⚫
*[[Fulham Palace]] 1764-6 East Court, rebuilt in Gothick style for [[Richard Terrick|Bishop Terrick]].<ref name=IoEFulham>{{cite web|url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=201787&mode=quick |title= WEST COURT AND EAST COURT, FULHAM PALACE SW6 FULHAM, HAMMERSMITH AND FULHAM, GREATER LONDON|publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=2008-10-03}}</ref>
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*[[Hatchlands Park]] 1756-7 for [[Admiral Boscawen]]<ref name=IoEHatchlands>{{cite web|url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=288599&mode=quick |title= HATCHLANDS, THE STREET EAST CLANDON, GUILDFORD, SURREY |publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=2008-10-03}}</ref><ref name=NTHatchlands>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-hatchlandspark/w-hatchlandspark-history.htm |title= History of Hatchlands Park |publisher=The National Trust|accessdate=2008-10-03}}</ref>
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*[[Langley Park, Buckinghamshire|Langley Park]] 1755-8 for [[Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough]].<ref name=IoELangley>{{cite web|url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=44328&mode=quick |title= LANGLEY PARK INCLUDING QUADRANT WALLS, CORNER TOWERS, PAVILIONS AND ORANGERY, WEXHAM, SOUTH BUCKS, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE
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|publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=2008-10-03}}</ref><ref name=BCCLangley>{{cite web|url=http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/bcc/content/index.jsp?contentid=-1836125057 |title= Langley Park Project: Detailed History|publisher=Buckinghamshire County Council|accessdate=2008-10-03}}</ref>
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*[[Newton Park]], Newton St Loe 1762-5 for Joseph Langton.<ref name=IoENewton>{{cite web|url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=32583&mode=quick |title= NEWTON PARK THE COUNTRY HOUSE OF THE COLLEGE ONLY, NEWTON ST LOE, BATH AND NORTH EAST SOMERSET, SOMERSET |publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=2008-10-03}}</ref>
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*[[Nuneham House]] 1757 for [[Simon Harcourt, 1st Earl Harcourt]].<ref name=IoENuneham>{{cite web|url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=248315&mode=quick |title= NUNEHAM PARK, NUNEHAM COURTENAY, SOUTH OXFORDSHIRE, OXFORDSHIRE|publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=2008-10-03}}</ref>
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*[[Radcliffe Infirmary]], [[Oxford]] 1759-70 for the Radcliffe Trustees (benefaction of Dr. John Radcliffe)<ref name=IoERadcliffe>{{cite web|url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=245941&mode=quick |title= THE RADCLIFFE INFIRMARY (MAIN BLOCK), WOODSTOCK ROAD (west side) OXFORD, OXFORD, OXFORDSHIRE |publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=2008-10-03}}</ref>
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*[[Shardeloes]] 1758-66 for William Drake<ref name=IoEShardeloes>{{cite web|url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=415394&mode=quick |title= SHARDELOES, WENDOVER ROAD A413 (south side) AMERSHAM, CHILTERN, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE |publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=2008-10-03}}</ref><ref name=AmShardeloes>{{cite web|url=http://www.amersham.org.uk/shardeloes.htm|title= Shardeloes|publisher=Amersham town website|accessdate=2008-10-03}}</ref>
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*[[Syon House]] 1763-5 for [[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland]]<ref name=Colvin/>


== References ==
==Bibliography==
*D. B. W., 1940, "Stiff Leadbetter" ''Notes and Queries'' 178: 354–355
{{reflist}}
⚫
*[[Giles Worsley|Worsley, Giles]], 2004, "Leadbetter, Stiff (c.1705–1766)" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (ODNB) Oxford University Press
⚫
*[[Giles Worsley|Worsley, Giles]], 1991, "Stiff but not dull" ''Country Life'' 25 July 1991
== Bibliography ==
⚫
*Worsley, Giles, 2004, "Leadbetter, Stiff (c.1705–1766)" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (ODNB) Oxford University Press
⚫
*Worsley, Giles, 1991, "Stiff but not dull" ''Country Life'' 25th July 1991


== External links ==
==External links==
*[http://www.minervaconservation.com/projects/bathspa.html Newton Park, Newton St Loe]
*[https://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinday/1101089077/ Langley Park]
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinday/1101089077/ Langley Park]


{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Leadbetter, Stiff}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Leadbetter, Stiff}}
[[Category:1705 births]]
[[Category:1705 births]]
[[Category:1766 deaths]]
[[Category:1766 deaths]]
[[Category:English architects]]
[[Category:18th-century English architects]]

Latest revision as of 22:41, 25 March 2024

Stiff Leadbetter (c.1705–18 August 1766) was a British architect and builder, one of the most successful architect–builders of the 1750s and 1760s, working for many leading aristocratic families.[1]

Career[edit]

Nuneham House, Nuneham Courtenay, Oxfordshire. Designed by Leadbetter, 1757.

Leadbetter's career began when he was apprenticed as a carpenter in 1719, and he worked for the next decade or so as a journeyman carpenter. By 1731 he had settled in Eton, marrying Elizabeth Hill (born c.1709), daughter of a London timber merchant; and he worked as carpenter to Eton College from 1740. Leadbetter leased Eton College Wharf as his principal home and workshop from 1744. He was employed as a builder in his own right by the 1740s, and in the following two decades he worked both as a designer but primarily as a builder of many new country houses, hospitals and speculative urban development. In 1756 Leadbetter was appointed as Surveyor of the Fabric of St Paul's Cathedral, and through this position also gained many ecclesiastical commissions.

Many of his buildings were built within a close distance of Eton. As a builder he carried out the designs of other architects, notably Robert Adam and James Stuart.

Leadbetter's patron was Francis Godolphin, second earl of Godolphin, and through him, Leadbetter was introduced to and employed by the dukes of Portland, Marlborough, and Bedford, the countesses of Essex and Pomfret, Lord Foley, Admiral Boscawen, Sir John Elwill, and others.

John Hawks, the architect of Tryon Palace, the official residence of the governor of North Carolina, United States, trained under Leadbetter.[2]

Appraisal[edit]

Elvills, Englefield Green, Surrey. Designed by Leadbetter, 1758–63.

Leadbetter's work has been both praised and slightly damned by critics. Giles Worsley, who has written several articles about Leadbetter, stated

He was an innovative and possibly influential planner at a time when the design of the British country house was undergoing rapid change. His country houses, though plain in their interior and external detail, are imaginative, varied, and above all practical in their planning. Although he was not a leader in stylistic development, Elvills, Surrey (1758–63), was the first completely new house of the Georgian Gothic revival.[1]

Langley Park, Nuneham House and Newton Park have been singled out as his best houses,[3] with Newton Park described by Nikolaus Pevsner as "one of the finest country mansions of the 18th century in Somerset".[4]

Less generous praise comes from other quarters, sometimes emphasising his earlier trade as a carpenter and ignoring his work as an architect: "a minor provincial carpenter and builder",[5] "a second generation Palladian whose works lacked flair",[3] a "competent but dull architect"[6] and "a thorough but uninspired architect".[7]

Leadbetter’s entry in Colvin's Biographical Dictionary of British Architects describes him as ‘a very competent architect who designed a number of handsome Georgian country houses that are essentially Palladian in character’[8]

Personal life[edit]

Leadbetter and his wife Elizabeth had five children in their short marriage, before Elizabeth died in 1737. Four of Leadbetter's children died before him.

Projects (incomplete list)[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Worsley, Giles (2004). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography; entry for Stiff Leadbetter. OUP.
  2. ^ Robert Chitham, Calder Loth (2005). The Classical Orders of Architecture. Elsevier. p. 119.
  3. ^ a b Placzek, Adolf K. (1982). Macmillan Encyclopedia of Architects. Free Press. p. 625.
  4. ^ Pevsner, Nikolaus (1958). North Somerset and Bristol (The Buildings of England Series). Penguin Books. p. 234.
  5. ^ a b Wood, Martin (2005). Nancy Lancaster: English Country House Style. Frances Lincoln Ltd. pp. 85 and 190.
  6. ^ Harriet Richardson, Ian H. Goodall (1998). English Hospitals 1660–1948: A Survey of Their Architecture and Design. Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England). p. 23.
  7. ^ May Woods, Arete Swartz Warren (1988). Glass Houses: A History of Greenhouses, Orangeries and Conservatories. Rizzoli. p. 70.
  8. ^ a b Colvin, Howard (2008). A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600–1840: Fourth Edition. Yale University Press. pp. 636–638.
  9. ^ "Bulstrode Park Buckinghamshire England". The DiCamillo Companion. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2008..
  10. ^ Historic England. "WEST COURT AND EAST COURT, FULHAM PALACE SW6 FULHAM, HAMMERSMITH AND FULHAM, GREATER LONDON (1286903)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 October 2008.
  11. ^ Historic England. "HATCHLANDS, THE STREET EAST CLANDON, GUILDFORD, SURREY (1294970)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 October 2008.
  12. ^ "History of Hatchlands Park". The National Trust. Archived from the original on 8 July 2008. Retrieved 3 October 2008.
  13. ^ Historic England. "LANGLEY PARK INCLUDING QUADRANT WALLS, CORNER TOWERS, PAVILIONS AND ORANGERY, WEXHAM, SOUTH BUCKS, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE (1125028)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 October 2008.
  14. ^ "Langley Park Project: Detailed History". Buckinghamshire County Council. Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2008.
  15. ^ Historic England. "NEWTON PARK THE COUNTRY HOUSE OF THE COLLEGE ONLY, NEWTON ST LOE, BATH AND NORTH EAST SOMERSET, SOMERSET (1312838)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 October 2008.
  16. ^ Historic England. "NUNEHAM PARK, NUNEHAM COURTENAY, SOUTH OXFORDSHIRE, OXFORDSHIRE (1286179)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 October 2008.
  17. ^ Historic England. "THE RADCLIFFE INFIRMARY (MAIN BLOCK), WOODSTOCK ROAD (west side) OXFORD, OXFORD, OXFORDSHIRE (1047066)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 October 2008.
  18. ^ Historic England. "SHARDELOES, WENDOVER ROAD A413 (south side) AMERSHAM, CHILTERN, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE (1238040)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 October 2008.
  19. ^ "Shardeloes". Amersham town website. Retrieved 3 October 2008.
  20. ^ "The Cliveden Album II: Nineteenth Century and Miscellaneous Drawings". Architectural History. 46: 65–116. 2003.

Bibliography[edit]

  • D. B. W., 1940, "Stiff Leadbetter" Notes and Queries 178: 354–355
  • Worsley, Giles, 2004, "Leadbetter, Stiff (c.1705–1766)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) Oxford University Press
  • Worsley, Giles, 1991, "Stiff but not dull" Country Life 25 July 1991

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stiff_Leadbetter&oldid=1215568955"