Axayacatl: Difference between revisions
Borgor2233 (talk | contribs) Simplified overstuffed infobox and corrected titulature |
Marcocapelle (talk | contribs) →External links: More specific categorization Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
||
| (4 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
| image = Axayacatl.jpg |
| image = Axayacatl.jpg |
||
| caption = Axayacatl as depicted in the {{lang|la|[[Codex Azcatitlan]]}} |
| caption = Axayacatl as depicted in the {{lang|la|[[Codex Azcatitlan]]}} |
||
| reign = [[Aztec calendar|3 House – 2 House]]<br/>(1469–1481)<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Conrad |first1=Geoffrey W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IqecX148zLsC&pg=PA45 |title=Religion and Empire: The Dynamics of Aztec and Inca Expansionism |last2=Demarest |first2=Arthur A. |date=1984-08-31 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-31896-9 |pages=45 |language=en}}</ref> |
|||
| reign = [[Aztec calendar|3 House – 2 House]]<br/>(1469–1481) |
|||
| predecessor = [[Atotoztli II]] |
| predecessor = [[Atotoztli II]] |
||
| successor = [[Tizoc]] |
| successor = [[Tizoc]] |
||
| Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
During his youth, his military prowess gained him the favor influential figures such as [[Nezahualcoyotl (tlatoani)|Nezahualcoyotl]] and [[Tlacaelel I]], and thus, upon the death of [[Moctezuma I]] in 1469, he was chosen to ascend to the throne, much to the displeasure of his two older brothers, [[Tizoc]] and [[Ahuitzotl]]. |
During his youth, his military prowess gained him the favor influential figures such as [[Nezahualcoyotl (tlatoani)|Nezahualcoyotl]] and [[Tlacaelel I]], and thus, upon the death of [[Moctezuma I]] in 1469, he was chosen to ascend to the throne, much to the displeasure of his two older brothers, [[Tizoc]] and [[Ahuitzotl]]. |
||
It is also important that the [[Aztec calendar stone|Great Sun Stone]], also known as the Aztec Calendar, was carved under his leadership. An [[1475 Tenochtitlan earthquake|earthquake in Tenochtitlán]] occurred and destroyed many homes.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://staging.doaks.org/research/publications/doaks-online-publications/palaces-of-the-ancient-new-world/isbn-0-88402-300-1.pdf#page=16 |title=Palaces of the Ancient New World | |
It is also important that the [[Aztec calendar stone|Great Sun Stone]], also known as the Aztec Calendar, was carved under his leadership. An [[1475 Tenochtitlan earthquake|earthquake in Tenochtitlán]] occurred and destroyed many homes.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://staging.doaks.org/research/publications/doaks-online-publications/palaces-of-the-ancient-new-world/isbn-0-88402-300-1.pdf#page=16 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://staging.doaks.org/research/publications/doaks-online-publications/palaces-of-the-ancient-new-world/isbn-0-88402-300-1.pdf#page=16 |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=Palaces of the Ancient New World |last1=Evans |first1=Susan Toby |last2=Pillsbury |first2=Joanne |publisher=Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection |year=1998 |isbn=0-88402-300-1 |location=Washington, D.C. |pages=16 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
||
===Military actions and death=== |
===Military actions and death=== |
||
| Line 80: | Line 80: | ||
[[Category:Nahuatl-language poets]] |
[[Category:Nahuatl-language poets]] |
||
[[Category:15th-century monarchs in North America]] |
[[Category:15th-century monarchs in North America]] |
||
[[Category:15th-century |
[[Category:15th-century Aztec nobility]] |
||
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]] |
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]] |
||
[[Category:1440s births]] |
[[Category:1440s births]] |
||
[[Category:1481 deaths]] |
[[Category:1481 deaths]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Moctezuma family]] |
||
Latest revision as of 16:41, 28 January 2024
| Axayacatl | |
|---|---|
 Axayacatl as depicted in the Codex Azcatitlan | |
| Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan | |
| Reign | 3 House – 2 House (1469–1481)[1] |
| Predecessor | Atotoztli II |
| Successor | Tizoc |
| Born | c. 1449 |
| Died | 2 House 1481 (aged 31–32) |
| Spouse | Xochicueyetl |
| Issue | |
| Father | Prince Tezozomoc |
| Mother | Princess Atotoztli II |
Axayacatl (/ˌæʃəˈjɑːkətəl/; Classical Nahuatl: āxāyacatl [aːʃaːˈjákatɬ] ; Spanish: Axayácatl [axaˈʝakatɬ]; meaning "face of water"; c. 1449–1481) was the sixth tlatoani of the altepetl of Tenochtitlan and Emperor of the Aztec Triple Alliance.
Biography[edit]
Early life and background[edit]
Axayacatl was a son of the princess Atotoztli II and her cousin, prince Tezozomoc. He was a grandson of the Emperors Moctezuma I and Itzcoatl. He was a descendant of the king Cuauhtototzin.
He was a successor of Moctezuma and his brothers were Emperors Tizoc and Ahuitzotl and his sister was the Queen Chalchiuhnenetzin. He was an uncle of the Emperor Cuauhtémoc and father of Emperors Moctezuma II and Cuitláhuac.
Rise to power[edit]
During his youth, his military prowess gained him the favor influential figures such as Nezahualcoyotl and Tlacaelel I, and thus, upon the death of Moctezuma I in 1469, he was chosen to ascend to the throne, much to the displeasure of his two older brothers, Tizoc and Ahuitzotl.
It is also important that the Great Sun Stone, also known as the Aztec Calendar, was carved under his leadership. An earthquake in Tenochtitlán occurred and destroyed many homes.[3]
Military actions and death[edit]
Using as a pretext the insulting behavior of a few Tlatelolcan citizens, Axayacatl invaded his neighbor, killed its ruler, Moquihuix, and replaced him with a military governor. The Tlatelolcans lost any voice they had in forming Aztec policy.
Axayacatl largely dedicated his twelve-year reign to consolidating his militaristic repute: he led successful campaigns against the neighboring altepetl of Tlatelolco in 1473 (see Battle of Tlatelolco) and the Matlatzinca of the Toluca Valley in 1474, but was finally defeated by the Tarascans of Michoacán in 1476. Despite some subsequent minor triumphs, Axayacatl's defeat at the hands of the Tarascans irreversibly marred his image, as it constituted the only major defeat suffered by the Aztecs up to that moment. In spite of his young age, he fell gravely ill in 1480, passing away a mere year later, in 1481, whereupon he was succeeded by his brother Tizoc.
Axayacatl the poet[edit]
Axayacatl wrote two poems. The first, Ycuic Axayayatzin (English: "Song of Axayacatl") is a defense against his brothers and critics; the second, Huehue cuicatl (English: "Song of the Ancients") is a lament written after his defeat in Michoacan.[4]
In popular culture[edit]
- The Obsidian and Blood series by Aliette de Bodard are set in the last year of the reign of Axayacatl and the first years of the reign of Tizoc, with their youngest brother Ahuitzotl appearing as a primary character.
Notes[edit]
- ^ Conrad, Geoffrey W.; Demarest, Arthur A. (1984-08-31). Religion and Empire: The Dynamics of Aztec and Inca Expansionism. Cambridge University Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-521-31896-9.
- ^ Map based on Hassig (1988)
- ^ Evans, Susan Toby; Pillsbury, Joanne (1998). Palaces of the Ancient New World (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. p. 16. ISBN 0-88402-300-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Miguel Leon-Portilla (1978). Trece Poetas del Mundo Azteca [Thirteen Poets of the Aztec World] (in Spanish) (2nd, 1972 ed.). Mexico City: Universidad Nacinal Autonoma de Mexico. pp. 133–153.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- Davies, Nigel (1980). The Aztecs (2nd ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
- Davies, Nigel (1987). The Aztec Empire: The Toltec Resurgence. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
- Hassig, Ross (1988). Aztec Warfare: Imperial Expansion and Political Control. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2121-1.
- Townsend, Richard F. (2000). The Aztecs (revised ed.). London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-28132-7.
- Weaver, Muriel Porter (1993). The Aztecs, Maya, and Their Predecessors: Archaeology of Mesoamerica (3rd ed.). San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 0-01-263999-0.
External links[edit]
Texts on Wikisource:
- "Axayacatl". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
- "Axayacatl". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
- "Axayacatl". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1900.
- "Axayacatl". The American Cyclopædia. 1879.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
