Broussonetia: Difference between revisions

Broussonetia
	Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Moraceae
Tribe:	Dorstenieae
Genus:	Broussonetia; (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. (1799)
Species
	Broussonetia harmandii Gagnep.; Broussonetia kaempferi Siebold; Broussonetia × kazinoki Siebold; Broussonetia monoica Hance; Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.;
Synonyms
	Papyrius Lam. ex Cav. (1802); Smithiodendron Hu (1936); Stenochasma Miq. (1851);

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Latest revision as of 20:42, 22 April 2024

Broussonetia is a genus of four species (including one hybrid species) of trees in the family Moraceae, native to eastern Asia.^[1] These four species have high-quality fiber which consist of more than 90% of cellulose. They are traditionally applied for various daily necessities in South Eastern Asia and papermaking in East Asia.

One of these is the paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), whose bark fiber is used to make traditional paper in China, Korea, and Japan. This species has been widely introduced and has become invasive in some areas. Not only is paper mulberry used for paper making, but also other species are widely used in paper industry in those three countries' history. In fact, paper mulberry is not a major source of their traditional paper at least in Korea and Japan. Major material fibers of Hanji (Korean paper) and Washi (Japanese paper) come from Broussonetia × kazinoki.^[2] Broussonetia × kazinoki is known as only hybrid in Broussonetia genus between B. monoica and B. papyrifera.

Species[edit]

Four species and one natural hybrid are accepted:^[1]

Broussonetia harmandii Gagnep. – Laos
Broussonetia kaempferi Siebold – south-central and southern Japan and the Ryukyu Islands
Broussonetia × kazinoki Siebold – Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands
Broussonetia monoica Hance – Eastern Himalayas to southern China, Vietnam, Hainan, Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, and Japan
Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. – Indian subcontinent, Indochina, Tibet, China, and Korea

Fossil record[edit]

Five fossil fruits of †Broussonetia pygmaea have been extracted from borehole samples of the Middle Miocene freshwater deposits in Nowy Sacz Basin, West Carpathians, Poland.^[3]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Broussonetia L'Hér. ex Vent. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
^ Kuo, W. H., Liu, S. H., Chang, C. C., Hsieh, C. L., Li, Y. H., Ito, T., ... & Chung, K. F. (2022). "Plastome phylogenomics of Allaeanthus, Broussonetia and Malaisia (Dorstenieae, Moraceae) and the origin of B.× kazinoki". Journal of Plant Research: 1–18.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Łańcucka-Środoniowa M.: Macroscopic plant remains from the freshwater Miocene of the Nowy Sącz Basin (West Carpathians, Poland) [Szczątki makroskopowe roślin z miocenu słodkowodnego Kotliny Sądeckiej (Karpaty Zachodnie, Polska)]. Acta Palaeobotanica 1979 20 (1): 3-117.

External links[edit]

Media related to Broussonetia at Wikimedia Commons
Flora of China: Broussonetia

This Moraceae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[POWO-1] "Broussonetia L'Hér. ex Vent. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 22 April 2024.

[2] Kuo, W. H., Liu, S. H., Chang, C. C., Hsieh, C. L., Li, Y. H., Ito, T., ... & Chung, K. F. (2022). "Plastome phylogenomics of Allaeanthus, Broussonetia and Malaisia (Dorstenieae, Moraceae) and the origin of B.× kazinoki". Journal of Plant Research: 1–18.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[3] Łańcucka-Środoniowa M.: Macroscopic plant remains from the freshwater Miocene of the Nowy Sącz Basin (West Carpathians, Poland) [Szczątki makroskopowe roślin z miocenu słodkowodnego Kotliny Sądeckiej (Karpaty Zachodnie, Polska)]. Acta Palaeobotanica 1979 20 (1): 3-117.

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@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 | image_caption = ''Broussonetia papyrifera'' (paper mulberry)
 | taxon = Broussonetia
-| authority = [[Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle|L'Hér.]] ex [[Étienne Pierre Ventenat|Vent.]], 1799
+| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle|L'Hér.]] ex [[Étienne Pierre Ventenat|Vent.]] (1799)
 | subdivision_ranks = Species
-| subdivision = ''[[Broussonetia kaempferi]]''<br/>
+| subdivision =
-''[[Broussonetia monoica]]''<br/>
+*''[[Broussonetia harmandii]]'' {{small|Gagnep.}}
-''[[Broussonetia × kazinoki]]''<br/>
+*''[[Broussonetia kaempferi]]'' {{small|Siebold}}
-''[[Paper mulberry|Broussonetia papyrifera]]''<ref name=POWO/>
+*''[[Broussonetia × kazinoki]]'' {{small|Siebold}}
+*''[[Broussonetia monoica]]'' {{small|Hance}}
+*''[[Paper mulberry|Broussonetia papyrifera]]'' {{small|(L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.}}
+|subdivision_ref = <ref name=POWO/>
+|synonyms =
+*''Papyrius'' {{small|Lam. ex Cav. (1802)}}
+*''Smithiodendron'' {{small|Hu (1936)}}
+*''Stenochasma'' {{small|Miq. (1851)}}
+|synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO/>
 }}
-'''''Broussonetia''''' is a genus of four species (including one hybrid species) of [[tree]]s in the family [[Moraceae]], native to eastern Asia.<ref name=POWO>{{Cite web|title=Broussonetia L'Hér. ex Vent. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331428-2|access-date=2021-11-05|website=Plants of the World Online}}</ref> These four species have high-quality fiber which consist of more than 90% of cellulose. They are traditionally applied for various daily necessities in South Eastern Asia and papermaking in East Asia.
+'''''Broussonetia''''' is a genus of four species (including one hybrid species) of [[tree]]s in the family [[Moraceae]], native to eastern Asia.<ref name=POWO>{{Cite web|title=''Broussonetia'' L'Hér. ex Vent. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331428-2|access-date=22 April 2024|website=Plants of the World Online}}</ref> These four species have high-quality fiber which consist of more than 90% of cellulose. They are traditionally applied for various daily necessities in South Eastern Asia and papermaking in East Asia.
-One of these is the [[paper mulberry]] ''(Broussonetia papyrifera)'', whose bark fiber is used to make traditional paper in [[China]], [[Korea]], and [[Japan]]. This species has been widely introduced and has become [[invasive species|invasive]] in some areas. Not only is paper mulberry used for paper making, but also other species are widely used in paper industry in those three countries history. In fact, paper mulberry is not a major source of their traditional paper at least in Korea and Japan. Major material fibers of [[Korean paper|Hanji]] (Korean paper) and [[Washi]] (Japanese paper) come from ''[[Broussonetia × kazinoki]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kuo, W. H., Liu, S. H., Chang, C. C., Hsieh, C. L., Li, Y. H., Ito, T., ... & Chung, K. F. |date=2022 |title=Plastome phylogenomics of Allaeanthus, Broussonetia and Malaisia (Dorstenieae, Moraceae) and the origin of B.× kazinoki. |journal=Journal of Plant Research |pages=1–18}}</ref> ''Broussonetia × kazinoki'' is known as only hybrid in ''Broussonetia'' genus between ''B. monoica'' and ''B. papyrifera''.
+One of these is the [[paper mulberry]] ''(Broussonetia papyrifera)'', whose bark fiber is used to make traditional paper in [[China]], [[Korea]], and [[Japan]]. This species has been widely introduced and has become [[invasive species|invasive]] in some areas. Not only is paper mulberry used for paper making, but also other species are widely used in paper industry in those three countries' history. In fact, paper mulberry is not a major source of their traditional paper at least in Korea and Japan. Major material fibers of [[Korean paper|Hanji]] (Korean paper) and [[Washi]] (Japanese paper) come from ''[[Broussonetia × kazinoki]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kuo, W. H., Liu, S. H., Chang, C. C., Hsieh, C. L., Li, Y. H., Ito, T., ... & Chung, K. F. |date=2022 |title=Plastome phylogenomics of Allaeanthus, Broussonetia and Malaisia (Dorstenieae, Moraceae) and the origin of B.× kazinoki. |journal=Journal of Plant Research |pages=1–18}}</ref> ''Broussonetia × kazinoki'' is known as only hybrid in ''Broussonetia'' genus between ''B. monoica'' and ''B. papyrifera''.
+==Species==
+Four species and one natural hybrid are accepted:<ref name=POWO/>
+*''[[Broussonetia harmandii]]'' {{small|Gagnep.}} – Laos
+*''[[Broussonetia kaempferi]]'' {{small|Siebold}} – south-central and southern Japan and the Ryukyu Islands
+*''[[Broussonetia × kazinoki]]'' {{small|Siebold}} – Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands
+*''[[Broussonetia monoica]]'' {{small|Hance}} – Eastern Himalayas to southern China, Vietnam, Hainan, Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, and Japan
+*''[[Paper mulberry|Broussonetia papyrifera]]'' {{small|(L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.}} – Indian subcontinent, Indochina, Tibet, China, and Korea
 ==Fossil record==
@@ Line 34: / Line 50: @@
 [[Category:Moraceae genera]]
 [[Category:Taxa named by Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle]]
 {{Moraceae-stub}}