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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{taxobox
|name = ''Bursera''
{{Other uses|Bursera (disambiguation)}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Bursera simaruba0.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Bursera simaruba]]''
| image = Bursera simaruba0.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Bursera simaruba]]''
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
| taxon = Bursera
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| authority = [[Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin|Jacq.]] ex [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name=GRIN>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?1816 |title=Genus: ''Bursera'' Jacq. ex L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2007-10-05 |access-date=2010-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507011046/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?1816 |archive-date=2009-05-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
| type_species = ''[[Bursera simaruba]]''
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
| type_species_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Charles Sprague Sargent|Sarg.]]
|ordo = [[Sapindales]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
|familia = [[Burseraceae]]
| subdivision = About 100, see text.
|genus = '''''Bursera'''''
| synonyms = ''Elaphrium'' <small>Jacq.</small>
|genus_authority = [[Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin|Jacq.]] ex [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = About 100. See text.
|}}


'''''Bursera''''' is a genus of about 100 species<ref name = Becerra1>{{cite journal| quotes = no| last = Becerra| first = Judith X.| coauthors = D. Lawrence Venable| year = 2008| title = Sources and Sinks of Diversification and Conservation Priorities for the Mexican Tropical Dry Forest| journal = PLoS ONE| volume = 3| issue = 10| pages = e3436| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0003436| url = http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003436}}</ref> of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Burseraceae]], native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the [[Americas]], from the southern [[United States]] south to northern [[Argentina]]. A number of species from tropical [[Asia]] sometimes included in the genus are now treated in the separate genus ''[[Protium (plant)|Protium]]''.
'''''Bursera''''' is a genus with about 100 described species<ref name = Becerra1>{{cite journal| last = Becerra| first = Judith X.|author2=D. Lawrence Venable| year = 2008| title = Sources and Sinks of Diversification and Conservation Priorities for the Mexican Tropical Dry Forest| journal = PLOS ONE| volume = 3| issue = 10| pages = e3436| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0003436| quote = no| pmid = 18927613| pmc = 2562985| bibcode = 2008PLoSO...3.3436B| editor1-last = Rees| editor1-first = Mark| doi-access = free}}</ref> of flowering shrubs and trees varying in size up to {{convert|25|m|ft|abbr=on}} high. It is the type genus for [[Burseraceae]]. The trees are native (often for many species [[endemism|endemic]]) to the [[Americas]], from the southern [[United States]] south through to northern [[Argentina]], in tropical and warm temperate forest habitats.
It is named after the 17th-century [[Denmark|Danish]] botanist [[Joachim Burser]].


{{anchor|linaloe}}
The species are [[shrub]]s and small to medium-sized [[tree]]s up to 25 m tall.
Several Mexican species (such as ''[[Bursera aloexylon|B. aloexylon]]'' and ''[[Bursera delpechiana|B. delpechiana]]'') produce a type of wood known as ''linaloe'' (from [[Mexican Spanish]] {{lang|es|lináloe}}, from Latin {{lang|la|lignum aloes}}, {{literally|wood of the aloe|[[aloeswood]]}}).<ref>{{Merriam-Webster|linaloe}}</ref> They contain the aromatic oil [[linalool]].


A number of species from tropical [[Asia]] were once included in this genus, but are now treated in the genus [[Protium (plant)|''Protium'']].
==Species==
*''[[Bursera acuminata]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera aloexylon]]'' (Schiede ex Schltdl.) Engl.<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera arida]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera aptera]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera arborea]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera atenuata]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera aspleniifolia]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera bicolor]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera biflora]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera bipinnata]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera bolivarii]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera bonetti]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera cerasifolia]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera chemapodicta]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera cinera]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera citronella]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera compacta]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera copallifera]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera coyucensis]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera crenata]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera cuneata]]''<ref name="diverse">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2562985
|title=Sources and Sinks of Diversification and Conservation Priorities for the Mexican Tropical Dry Forest
|publisher=www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov
|accessdate=2009-01-13
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
*''[[Bursera delpechiana]]'' Poiss. ex Engl.
*''[[Bursera denticulata]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera discolor]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera diversifolia]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera epinnata]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera excelsa]]'' (Kunth) Engl. <ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera fagaroides]]'' (Kunth) Engl.<ref name="diverse"/> (Bonsai picture: [http://www.flickr.com/photos/ragesoss/2726523203/])
:*''Bursera fagaroides elong.''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera filicifolia]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera fragantissima]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera fragilis]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera galeottiana]]'' Engl.<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera glabrifolia]]'' (Kunth) Engl.<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera grandifolia]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera graveolens]]'' (Kunth) Triana & Planch.
*''[[Bursera heteresthes]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera hindsiana]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera hintonii]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera infiernidialis]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera instabilis]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera isthmica]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera heliae]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera kerberii]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera krusei]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera lancifolia]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera laurihuertae]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera laxiflora]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera leptophloeos]]'' Engl.
*''[[Bursera longpipes]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera macvaughiana]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera malacophylla]]'' B.L.Rob.
*''[[Bursera medranoana]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera microphylla]]'' A.Gray<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera mirandae]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera morelensis]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera multifolia]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera multijuga]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera nespola]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera odorata]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera occulta]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera palaciosii]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera palmeri]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera penicillata]]'' (DC.) Engl.
*''[[Bursera ribana]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera rzedowski]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera ruticola]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera sarkopoda]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera sarukhanii]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera schlechtendalii]]'' Engl.<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera simaruba]]'' (L.) Sarg.<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera staphyleoides]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera stenophylla]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera submoniliformis]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera suntui]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera techomaca]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera tomentosa]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera tonkinensis]]'' Guillaum.
*''[[Bursera trifoliolata]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera trimera]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera vasquezyanesii]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera vejar-vazquezii]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera velutina]]''<ref name="diverse"/>
*''[[Bursera xochipalensis]]''<ref name="diverse"/>


The [[Bursera graveolens]] tree (also known as Palo Santo) belongs to this genus.
The genus is named after the [[Denmark|Danish]] [[botanist]] [[Joachim Burser]] (1583-1639).

== Species ==
{|
|- valign=top
|
*''[[Bursera aloexylon]]'' <span style="font-size:87%;">(Schiede ex Schltdl.) Engl.</span>
*''[[Bursera arida]]''
*''[[Bursera aptera]]''
*''[[Bursera aromatica]]'' <small>Proctor</small>
*''[[Bursera atenuata]]''
*''[[Bursera aspleniifolia]]''
*''[[Bursera bicolor]]''
*''[[Bursera biflora]]''
*''[[Bursera bipinnata]]''
*''[[Bursera bolivarii]]''
*''[[Bursera bonetti]]''
*''[[Bursera cerasifolia]]''
*''[[Bursera chemapodicta]]''
*''[[Bursera cinera]]''
*''[[Bursera citronella]]''
*''[[Bursera compacta]]''
*''[[Bursera copallifera]]''
*''[[Bursera coyucensis]]''
*''[[Bursera crenata]]''
*''[[Bursera cuneata]]''
*''[[Bursera denticulata]]''
*''[[Bursera discolor]]''
*''[[Bursera diversifolia]]''
*''[[Bursera epinnata]]''
*''[[Bursera excelsa]]'' <span style="font-size:87%;">(Kunth) Engl.</span>
*''[[Bursera fagaroides]]'' <span style="font-size:87%;">(Kunth) Engl.</span> <!--(southwestern [[North America]], [[South America]])-->
*''[[Bursera filicifolia]]''
*''[[Bursera fragantissima]]''
*''[[Bursera fragilis]]''
*''[[Bursera galeottiana]]'' <span style="font-size:87%;">Engl.</span>
*''[[Bursera glabrifolia]]'' <span style="font-size:87%;">(Kunth) Engl.</span>
*''[[Bursera grandifolia]]''
*''[[Bursera graveolens]]'' <span style="font-size:87%;">(Kunth) Triana & Planch.</span> (Palo Santo)
*''[[Bursera heliae]]''
*''[[Bursera heteresthes]]''
*''[[Bursera hindsiana]]''
*''[[Bursera hintonii]]''
*''[[Bursera hollickii]]'' <small>(Britton) F. & R.</small>
*''[[Bursera infiernidialis]]''
*''[[Bursera instabilis]]''
*''[[Bursera isthmica]]''
|
*''[[Bursera kerberii]]''
*''[[Bursera krusei]]''
*''[[Bursera lancifolia]]''
*''[[Bursera laurihuertae]]''
*''[[Bursera laxiflora]]''
*''[[Bursera leptophloeos]]'' <span style="font-size:87%;">Engl.</span>
*''[[Bursera linanoe]]'' <small>(La Llave) Rzed., Calderón & Medina</small>(=''Bursera delpechiana'' <span style="font-size:87%;">Poiss. ex Engl.</span><ref>{{cite journal|title=The Mexican roots of the Indian lavender tree| journal=Acta Botanica Mexicana| year=2010| volume=91 |author1=Becerra, Judith X.|author2= Noge, Koji| issue=91| pages=27–36| doi=10.21829/abm91.2010.289| doi-access=free}}</ref> )
*''[[Bursera longipes]]''
*''[[Bursera lunanii]]'' <small>(Spreng) Adams & Dandy</small>
*''[[Bursera macvaughiana]]''
*''[[Bursera malacophylla]]'' <span style="font-size:87%;">B.L.Rob.</span>
*''[[Bursera medranoana]]''
*''[[Bursera microphylla]]'' <span style="font-size:87%;">A.Gray</span> &ndash; Elephant tree <!--([[Southwestern United States]], northern [[Mexico]])-->
*''[[Bursera mirandae]]''
*''[[Bursera morelensis]]''
*''[[Bursera multifolia]]''
*''[[Bursera multijuga]]''
*''[[Bursera nesopola]]''
*''[[Bursera occulta]]''
*''[[Bursera palaciosii]]''
*''[[Bursera palmeri]]''
*''[[Bursera penicillata]]'' <span style="font-size:87%;">(DC.) Engl.</span>
*''[[Bursera ribana]]''
*''[[Bursera ruticola]]''
*''[[Bursera rzedowski]]''
*''[[Bursera sarcopoda]]''
*''[[Bursera sarukhanii]]''
*''[[Bursera schlechtendalii]]'' <span style="font-size:87%;">Engl.</span>
*''[[Bursera simaruba]]'' <span style="font-size:87%;">(L.) Sarg.</span> &ndash; Gumbo-limbo
*''[[Bursera staphyleoides]]''
*''[[Bursera stenophylla]]''
*''[[Bursera submoniliformis]]''
*''[[Bursera suntui]]''
*''[[Bursera tecomaca]]''
*''[[Bursera tomentosa]]''
*''[[Bursera tonkinensis]]'' <span style="font-size:87%;">Guillaum.</span>
*''[[Bursera trifoliolata]]''
*''[[Bursera trimera]]''
*''[[Bursera vasquezyanesii]]''
*''[[Bursera vejar-vazquezii]]''
*''[[Bursera velutina]]''
*''[[Bursera xochipalensis]]''
|}
'''list sources :'''
<ref name = Becerra1/>
<ref name=GRINSpecies>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?1816 |title=GRIN Species Records of ''Bursera'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=2010-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120093453/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?1816 |archive-date=2009-01-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Formerly placed here===
*''[[Canarium paniculatum]]'' <small>(Lam.) Benth. ex Engl.</small> (as ''B. paniculata'' <small>Lam.</small>)
*''[[Protium serratum]]'' <small>(Wall. ex Colebr.) Engl.</small> (as ''B. serrata'' <small>Wall. ex Colebr.</small>)<ref name=GRINSpecies/>

==Uses==
* [[Caranna]], medicinal gum


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Bursera citronella (syn B delpichiana) trunks at Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7219.jpg|''Bursera citronella''
Image:Bursera citronella (syn B delpichiana) trunks at Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7219.jpg|''[[Bursera penicillata]]'' trunks
File:Bursera citronella (syn B delpichiana) fruits & leaves at Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7070.jpg|''[[Bursera penicillata]]'' fruits and leaves
File:Bursera citronella (syn B delpichiana) trunk at Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7071.jpg|''[[Bursera penicillata]]'' trunk
</gallery>
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{reflist}}
{{Wikispecies}}
<div class="references-small">
{{Reflist}}
#<li value="2">[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?1816 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Bursera'']

</div>
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2367288}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Bursera| ]]
[[Category:Bursera| ]]
[[Category:Burseraceae genera]]


{{Sapindales-stub}}


{{Sapindales-stub}}
[[es:Indio desnudo]]
[[pt:Bursera]]

Latest revision as of 06:26, 4 January 2024

For other uses, see Bursera (disambiguation).

Bursera
Bursera simaruba
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Burseraceae
Genus: Bursera
Jacq. ex L.[1]
Type species
Bursera simaruba
Species

About 100, see text.

Synonyms

Elaphrium Jacq.

Bursera is a genus with about 100 described species[2] of flowering shrubs and trees varying in size up to 25 m (82 ft) high. It is the type genus for Burseraceae. The trees are native (often for many species endemic) to the Americas, from the southern United States south through to northern Argentina, in tropical and warm temperate forest habitats. It is named after the 17th-century Danish botanist Joachim Burser.

Several Mexican species (such as B. aloexylon and B. delpechiana) produce a type of wood known as linaloe (from Mexican Spanish lináloe, from Latin lignum aloes, lit. 'wood of the aloe' or 'aloeswood').[3] They contain the aromatic oil linalool.

A number of species from tropical Asia were once included in this genus, but are now treated in the genus Protium.

The Bursera graveolens tree (also known as Palo Santo) belongs to this genus.

Species[edit]

list sources : [2] [5]

Formerly placed here[edit]

Uses[edit]

Gallery[edit]

References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bursera.
Wikispecies has information related to Bursera.
  1. ^ "Genus: Bursera Jacq. ex L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Archived from the original on 2009-05-07. Retrieved 2010-11-18.
  2. ^ a b Becerra, Judith X.; D. Lawrence Venable (2008). Rees, Mark (ed.). "Sources and Sinks of Diversification and Conservation Priorities for the Mexican Tropical Dry Forest". PLOS ONE. 3 (10): e3436. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.3436B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003436. PMC 2562985. PMID 18927613. no
  3. ^ "linaloe". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
  4. ^ Becerra, Judith X.; Noge, Koji (2010). "The Mexican roots of the Indian lavender tree". Acta Botanica Mexicana. 91 (91): 27–36. doi:10.21829/abm91.2010.289.
  5. ^ a b "GRIN Species Records of Bursera". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2009-01-20. Retrieved 2010-11-18.


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