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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
<!-- This article was auto-generated by [[User:Polbot]]. -->
{{taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
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|image = Lauraceae Caryodaphnopsis.jpg
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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|taxon = Caryodaphnopsis
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperm]]s
|unranked_classis = [[Magnoliid]]s
|authority = [[Airy Shaw]]
|ordo = [[Laurales]]
|familia = [[Lauraceae]]
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|genus = '''''Caryodaphnopsis'''''
|genus_authority = [[Airy Shaw]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision =
|subdivision = See text.
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}}
See text.
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|}}


'''''Caryodaphnopsis''''' is a genus 15 species belonging to the family [[Lauraceae]] in [[flowering plants]]. It is distributed in tropical areas in Southern North America, North and Amazon basin of [[South America]], [[Asia]] to [[Southeast Asia]] following the Pacific ocean islands.
'''''Caryodaphnopsis''''' is a genus of 16 species<ref>{{citation |author=Li, L. |author2=Madriñán, S. |author3=Li, J. |year=2016 |title=Phylogeny and biogeography of ''Caryodaphnopsis'' (Lauraceae) inferred from low-copy nuclear gene and ITS sequences |journal=Taxon |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=433–443 |doi=10.12705/653.1}}</ref> belonging to the [[flowering plant]] family [[Lauraceae]], distributed in tropical areas in southern North America, northern South America, and East and Southeast Asia.


They vary from 50-m-high trees to small trees or shrubs in lowland evergreen forest and [[rainforest]].
==Overview==
They are from tall trees to 50 m. heigh to small trees 1.7m high or shrubs in Lowland Evergreen Forest,<ref>http://www.terrestrial-biozones.net/Paleotropic%20Ecosystems/North%20Indochinese%20Ecosystems.html</ref> [[Rainforest]], and [[Evergreen forest]]<ref>http://plants.jstor.org/specimen/k000768616</ref> in tropical Asia and America.<ref>http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2419077?uid=3737952&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=56204628953</ref>
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Caryodaphnopsis is a tropical genus amphi-Pacific distributed, which has a marked geographical disjunction. This occurs between Southeast Asia: South [[China]], [[Vietnam]], [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Indonesia]] and the [[Philippines]], and tropical America from [[Costa Rica]]<ref>http://www.golfito-costarica.com/golfito/flora-fauna-golfito.html</ref> to [[Brazil]], crossing [[Peru]], [[Ecuador]], [[Colombia]], and [[Venezuela]].


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The genus is distributed across the Pacific, with a marked geographical disjunction between Southeast Asia (South [[China]], [[Vietnam]], [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], [[Indonesia]], and the [[Philippines]]) and tropical America ([[Costa Rica]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.golfito-costarica.com/golfito/flora-fauna-golfito.html |title=Flora and Fauna Golfito, Costa Rica |publisher=Golfito-costarica.com |date= |accessdate=2012-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723081553/http://www.golfito-costarica.com/golfito/flora-fauna-golfito.html |archive-date=2012-07-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> to [[Brazil]], crossing [[Peru]], [[Ecuador]], [[Colombia]], and [[Venezuela]]).
The genus was described by [[Herbert Kenneth Airy Shaw]] and published in Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information''Kew 1940 (2): 75''in 1940. The [[type species]] is''[[Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis]]'' ([[Paul Henri Lecomte|Lecomte]]) [[Airy Shaw]].<ref name = Trop>{{cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40002093 |title=Caryodaphnopsis Airy Shaw|accessdate=November 28, 2011 |work=[http://Tropicos.org Tropicos] |publisher=[[Missouri Botanical Garden]] |location=St. Louis, MO, USA}}</ref>
With the discovery of a species of Trigonobalanus (currently [[Colombobalanus]]) belonging to the [[Fagaceae]] family in [[Colombia]], a genus previously reported only for Asia and presenting a clear example of amphi-Pacific disjunction, Van der Hammen and Cleef (1983) concluded that taxa with this type of distribution, in the past had a much wider distribution in the northern hemisphere during the warm [[Tertiary]] and were subsequently forced to migrate to the south due to the widespread of cold climate during late Tertiary and the glacial periods.<ref name="botanica.uniandes.edu.co">http://botanica.uniandes.edu.co/investigacion/lauraceae/generos/caryodaphnopsis.htm</ref>


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==Taxonomic history==
==Ecology==
[[File:Caryodaphnopsis burgery.jpg|thumb|''[[Caryodaphnopsis burgeri]]'' leaves]]
The fruits are rich in lipids and nitrogen and are dispersed by birds and mammals.<ref>http://www.ots.ac.cr/florulapv/documents/Lauraceae.pdf?V_COLLECTIONSOrder=Sorter_HABITAT&V_COLLECTIONSDir=DESC</ref> Most relatively small fruit species, are of great environmental importance due to be the food of various endemic birds and mammals, especially in [[Cloud forest]] and tropical montane forests.<ref>www.ots.ac.cr/florulapv/documents/Lauraceae.pdf?V_COLLECTIONSOrder=Sorter_HABITAT&V_COLLECTIONSDir=DESC</ref>
Until 1985, the genus was only reported for tropical Asia, but van der Werff and Richter transferred two South American species of the genus ''Persea'' to ''Caryodaphnopsis''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=''Caryodaphnopsis'' Airy-Shaw (Lauraceae), a Genus New to the Neotropics|author=Henk van der Werff|author2=H. G. Richter|name-list-style=amp|journal=Systematic Botany|volume=10|issue=2|year=1985|pages=166–173|doi=10.2307/2418342|jstor=2418342}}</ref>

==Characteristics==

The genus Caryodaphnopsis is characterized in the family Lauraceae by foliage with scent of essential oils produced in oil cells, which can be pleasant or foul, without [[stipule]]s. The leaves are opposite and lauroid, trinerved usually, that is an exceptional character in the family lauraceae. Rarely tle leaves are penninerved. The flowers are in inflorescences trimers, and are [[bisexual]] with six tepals markedly unequal, the outer being much smaller than the internal. Additionally, most species have anthers.

Most species in Caryodaphnopsis genus are having 2 or 4 locelos in the anthers.
The pollen sacs arranged in an arc, nine fertile stamens, rarely six, the third whorl with glands, filaments longer or shorter than the anthers, the fourth whorl staminodes conspicuous, from cordate to sagittate. It also presents a very small and flat receptacle, pedicel not enlarged and tepals deciduous or sub-persistents.

Some features of this genus as anthers of 4 cores, nine fertile stamens and leaves trinerved, distinguish this genus Caryodaphnopsis in the family Lauraceae, because most genus have two anther locules, six stamens and leaves fertile penninerved. Additionally, Caryodaphnopsis has a unique anatomical structure of wood in the family Lauraceae. However, it has been stressed in the opposite leaves, tepals unequal, the unique structure of wood, diagnostic characters at generic level, which determine the monophyly of Caryodaphnopsis within the family Lauraceae.

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==Taxonomic History==

This genus, originally reported for Asia, was described by Airy Shaw in 1940, who created the genus name due to similarities between the leaves of this with the leaves of some species of Cryptocarya (=Caryodaphne). In the case of the species [[Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis]] and [[Caryodaphnopsis baviensis]] were originally described by Lecomte in 1913, under the genus Notaphoebe, until 1940 when A. Shaw included them in Caryodaphnopsis, and ratified them by Kostermans within this genus in 1964, after having gone through other genus. Genera were then added to the species Caryodaphnopsis latifolia and C. laotica by Wang and A. Shaw in 1957 and 1960 respectively.
In 1952 the genus Caryodaphnopsis was placed under the genus [[Persea]], along with genus [[Notaphoebe]] and [[Alseodaphne]] due to the close relationship that exists between them. However, the differences found between genus were strong enough to be defined Caryodaphnopsis as a separate genus in 1974 by Kostermans. Kostermans included in his monograph of the genus seven species whose distribution range was from Yunnan to Borneo and the Philippines, in 1974.
Until 1985 the genus was only reported for tropical Asia, but van der Werff and Richter, transferred two South American species of the genus Persea to Caryodaphnopsis. This transfer of genus was because of evidence that supported the presence of the species Persea, (Persea inaequalis P. theobromifolia) on Caryodaphnopsis genus, as they differed from other species of the genus Persea in morphology (foliar and floral) and structure of Wood, these being more consistent with genus Caryodaphnopsis.<ref name="botanica.uniandes.edu.co"/>


== Species ==
== Species ==
Species include:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Caryodaphnopsis |title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species}}</ref>
It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete):


* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis baviensis]]'' ([[Paul Henri Lecomte|Lecomte]]) [[Airy Shaw]]
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis baviensis]]'' ([[Paul Henri Lecomte|Lecomte]]) [[Airy Shaw]]
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis bilocellata]]'' [[van der Werff]] & [[Dao]]{{disambiguation needed|date=March 2012}}
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis bilocellata]]'' [[Henk van der Werff|van der Werff]] & [[Nguyen Kim Dao|Dao]]
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis burgeri]]'' [[N.Zamora]] & [[Poveda]]
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis burgeri]]'' [[N.Zamora]] & [[Luis J. Poveda|Poveda]]
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis cogolloi]]'' van der Werff
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis cogolloi]]'' van der Werff
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis fieldii]]'' [[Aymard]] & [[G.A.Romero]]
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis fieldii]]'' {{ill|Gerardo Antonio Aymard Corredor|es|lt=Aymard}} & [[G.A.Romero]]
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis fosteri]]'' van der Werff
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis fosteri]]'' van der Werff
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis henryi]]'' Airy Shaw
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis henryi]]'' Airy Shaw
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis inaequalis]]'' ([[A.C.Sm.]]) van der Werff & [[H.G.Richt.]]
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis inaequalis]]'' ([[A.C.Sm.]]) van der Werff & [[H.G.Richt.]]
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis laotica]]'' Airy Shaw
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis laotica]]'' Airy Shaw
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis latifolia]]'' [[W.T.Wang]]
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis latifolia]]'' [[W.T.Wang]]
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis metallica]]'' [[Kosterm.]]
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis metallica]]'' [[Kosterm.]]
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis poilanei]]'' Kosterm.
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis poilanei]]'' Kosterm.
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis theobromifolia]]'' ([[A.H.Gentry]]) van der Werff & H.G. Richt.
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis theobromifolia]]'' ([[A.H.Gentry]]) van der Werff & H.G. Richt.
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis tomentosa]]'' van der Werff
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis tomentosa]]'' van der Werff
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis]]'' (Lecomte) Airy Shaw
* ''[[Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis]]'' (Lecomte) Airy Shaw
<!--Bot notice: new species go here-->


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{cite web|url=http://www.terrestrial-biozones.net/Paleotropic%20Ecosystems/North%20Indochinese%20Ecosystems.html |title=North Indochinese Ecosystems |publisher=Terrestrial-biozones.net |date= |accessdate=2012-06-12}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q5047731}}
[[Category:Caryodaphnopsis]]
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[[Category:Laurales genera]]


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[[Category:Lauraceae genera]]
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[[es:Caryodaphnopsis]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[pt:Caryodaphnopsis]]
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[[Category:Lauraceae]]

Latest revision as of 20:13, 26 October 2022

Caryodaphnopsis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Laurales
Family: Lauraceae
Genus: Caryodaphnopsis
Airy Shaw
Species

See text.

Caryodaphnopsis is a genus of 16 species[1] belonging to the flowering plant family Lauraceae, distributed in tropical areas in southern North America, northern South America, and East and Southeast Asia.

They vary from 50-m-high trees to small trees or shrubs in lowland evergreen forest and rainforest.

The genus is distributed across the Pacific, with a marked geographical disjunction between Southeast Asia (South China, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Indonesia, and the Philippines) and tropical America (Costa Rica[2] to Brazil, crossing Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela).

Taxonomic history[edit]

Caryodaphnopsis burgeri leaves

Until 1985, the genus was only reported for tropical Asia, but van der Werff and Richter transferred two South American species of the genus Persea to Caryodaphnopsis.[3]

Species[edit]

Species include:[4]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Li, L.; Madriñán, S.; Li, J. (2016), "Phylogeny and biogeography of Caryodaphnopsis (Lauraceae) inferred from low-copy nuclear gene and ITS sequences", Taxon, 65 (3): 433–443, doi:10.12705/653.1
  2. ^ "Flora and Fauna Golfito, Costa Rica". Golfito-costarica.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-23. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  3. ^ Henk van der Werff & H. G. Richter (1985). "Caryodaphnopsis Airy-Shaw (Lauraceae), a Genus New to the Neotropics". Systematic Botany. 10 (2): 166–173. doi:10.2307/2418342. JSTOR 2418342.
  4. ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species".

External links[edit]

"North Indochinese Ecosystems". Terrestrial-biozones.net. Retrieved 2012-06-12.

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