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{{Short description|Species of yam from Asia}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{taxobox
| image = Dioscorea Japonica (Yamaimo) 3.JPG
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|image = Dioscorea Japonica (Yamaimo) 3.JPG
| genus = Dioscorea
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| species = japonica
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
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| authority = [[Carl Peter Thunberg|Thunb.]] 1784
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
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}}
|ordo = [[Dioscoreales]]
|familia = [[Dioscoreaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Dioscorea]]''
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|species = '''''D. japonica'''''
|binomial = ''Dioscorea japonica''
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|binomial_authority = [[Carl Peter Thunberg|Thunb.]] 1784
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|}}


'''''Dioscorea japonica''''', known as '''East Asian mountain yam''',<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|title=English Names for Korean Native Plants|publisher=[[Korea National Arboretum]]|year=2015|isbn=978-89-97450-98-5|location=Pocheon|pages=442|access-date=4 January 2017|via=[[Korea Forest Service]]}}</ref> '''yamaimo''', or '''Japanese mountain yam''', is a type of [[yam (vegetable)|yam]] (''[[Dioscorea]]'') native to [[Japan]] (including [[Ryukyu Islands|Ryukyu]] and [[Bonin Islands]]), [[Korea]], [[China]], [[Taiwan]], and [[Assam]].<ref name=asdfasdfaasfd>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=240312 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref name="ChinaFlora"/>
'''''Dioscorea japonica''''', known as '''East Asian mountain yam''',<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|title=English Names for Korean Native Plants|publisher=[[Korea National Arboretum]]|year=2015|isbn=978-89-97450-98-5|location=Pocheon|pages=442|access-date=4 January 2017|via=[[Korea Forest Service]]}}</ref> '''yamaimo''', or '''Japanese mountain yam''', is a type of [[yam (vegetable)|yam]] (''[[Dioscorea]]'') native to [[Japan]] (including [[Ryukyu Islands|Ryukyu]] and [[Bonin Islands]]), [[Korea]], [[China]], [[Taiwan]], and [[Assam]].<ref name=asdfasdfaasfd>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=240312 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref name="ChinaFlora"/>
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''Dioscorea japonica'' is used for food. ''Jinenjo'', also called the wild yam, is a related variety of Japanese yam that is used as an ingredient in ''[[soba]]'' noodles.
''Dioscorea japonica'' is used for food. ''Jinenjo'', also called the wild yam, is a related variety of Japanese yam that is used as an ingredient in ''[[soba]]'' noodles.


[[File:Mugitoro gohan 1.jpg|thumb|''[[:ja:麦とろご飯|Mugitoro Gohan]]'']]
[[File:Mugitoro gohan 1.jpg|thumb|''[[:ja:麦とろご飯|Mugitoro gohan]]'']]


== Names ==
== Names ==
In Japanese, it is known as {{nihongo||山芋|yamaimo|extra2="mountain yam"}}.<ref name="FloraJapan">{{cite book |last=Ohwi |first=Jisaburo |authorlink=Jisaburo Ohwi |editor1-first=Frederick G. |editor1-last=Meyer |editor1-link= |editor2-first=Egbert H. |editor2-last=Walker |title=Flora of Japan |url=https://archive.org/stream/floraofjapaninen00oiji#page/314/mode/1up |accessdate=21 January 2012 |year=1965 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |location=Washington, DC |oclc=742327504 |page=314 }}</ref>
In Japanese, it is known as {{nihongo||山芋|yamaimo|"mountain yam"}}.<ref name="FloraJapan">{{cite book |last=Ohwi |first=Jisaburo |author-link=Jisaburo Ohwi |editor1-first=Frederick G. |editor1-last=Meyer |editor2-first=Egbert H. |editor2-last=Walker |title=Flora of Japan |url=https://archive.org/stream/floraofjapaninen00oiji#page/314/mode/1up |accessdate=21 January 2012 |year=1965 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |location=Washington, DC |oclc=742327504 |page=314 }}</ref> {{nihongo||自然薯|Jinenjo|"wild yam"}} is another kind of ''Dioscorea japonica'', which is native to fields and mountains in Japan.


⚫
In Chinese, ''Dioscorea japonica'' is known as ''yě shānyào'' ({{lang|zh|{{Wikt-lang|zh|野}}{{Wikt-lang|zh|山藥}}}}) which translates to English as "wild [[Chinese yam]]" or simply "wild yam".{{cn|date=October 2020}} Another name is ''Rìběn shǔyù'' ({{lang|zh|{{Wikt-lang|zh|日本}}{{Wikt-lang|zh|薯蕷}}}}; literally "Japanese yam").<ref name="ChinaFlora">{{cite web |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028115 |title=Dioscorea japonica in Flora of China @ efloras.org |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA |accessdate=21 January 2012}}</ref>
{{nihongo||自然薯|Jinenjo|extra2="wild yam"}} is another kind of ''Dioscorea japonica'', which is native to fields and mountains in Japan.


⚫
In Korean, it is known as ''cham ma'' ({{lang|ko|참마}}), as well as ''dang ma'' ({{lang|ko|당마}}).{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}
⚫
In Chinese it is known as Yěshān yào (野山药)<ref>{{cite web | title=野山药 |url=https://baike.baidu.com/item/野山药}}</ref> which translates to English as wild yam. Another name is Rìběnshǔyù (literally Japanese Yam; <big>[[wiktionary:日本|日本]][[wiktionary:薯|薯]][[wiktionary:蓣|蓣]]</big><ref name="ChinaFlora">{{cite web |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028115 |title=Dioscorea japonica in Flora of China @ efloras.org: |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA |accessdate=21 January 2012}}</ref>)

⚫
In Korean it is known as cham ma <big>참마</big>, as well as dang ma <big>당마</big>.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}


== Chemistry ==
== Chemistry ==
''Dioscorea japonica'' contains the [[antimutagenic]] compounds [[eudesmol]] and [[paeonol]].<ref>Antimutagenic Activity of (+)-β-Eudesmol and Paeonol from Dioscorea japonica. Mitsuo Miyazawa, Hideo Shimamura, Sei-ichi Nakamura and Hiromu Kameoka, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44 (7), pages 1647–1650, {{doi|10.1021/jf950792u}}</ref>
''Dioscorea japonica'' contains the [[antimutagenic]] compounds eudesmol and [[paeonol]].<ref>Antimutagenic Activity of (+)-β-Eudesmol and Paeonol from Dioscorea japonica. Mitsuo Miyazawa, Hideo Shimamura, Sei-ichi Nakamura and Hiromu Kameoka, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44 (7), pages 1647–1650, {{doi|10.1021/jf950792u}}</ref>


==Varieties==
== Varieties ==
Several formal botanical varieties have been proposed. Four are accepted:<ref name=asdfasdfaasfd/><ref name="ChinaFlora"/>
Several formal botanical varieties have been proposed. Four are accepted:<ref name=asdfasdfaasfd/><ref name="ChinaFlora"/>


#''Dioscorea japonica'' var. ''japonica'' - Japan, Korea, Ryukyu, Bonin, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang
# ''Dioscorea japonica'' var. ''japonica'' - Japan (Ryukyu, Bonin), Korea, Taiwan, China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang)
#''Dioscorea japonica'' var. ''nagarum'' <small>Prain & Burkill</small> - Assam
# ''Dioscorea japonica'' var. ''nagarum'' <small>Prain & Burkill</small> - India (Assam)
#''Dioscorea japonica'' var. ''oldhamii'' <small>R.Knuth</small> - Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan
# ''Dioscorea japonica'' var. ''oldhamii'' <small>R.Knuth</small> - China (Guangdong, Guangxi), Taiwan
#''Dioscorea japonica'' var. ''pilifera'' <small>C.T.Ting & M.C.Chang</small> - Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang
# ''Dioscorea japonica'' var. ''pilifera'' <small>C.T.Ting & M.C.Chang</small> - China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)

== Uses ==
{{See|Chinese yam#Uses}}

In Japanese cuisine, both the Japanese yam and the introduced [[Chinese yam]] are used interchangeably in dishes and recipes.<ref name=japantimes-15-07-15>{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2016/07/15/food/yamaimo-japans-slimy-mountain-yam/#.XPqMKIj0nIU|title='Yamaimo': Japan's slimy mountain yam|last=Itoh|first=Makiko|date=2015-07-15|work=The Japan Times |access-date=2019-06-07}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Dioscorea Japonica}}
[[Category:Dioscorea|japonica]]
[[Category:Root vegetables]]
[[Category:East Asian vegetables]]
[[Category:Flora of Assam (region)]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[Category:Flora of Eastern Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of Eastern Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of Assam (region)]]
[[Category:Flora of Korea]]
[[Category:Flora of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1784]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1784]]
[[Category:Root vegetables]]

Latest revision as of 23:25, 1 March 2024

Dioscorea japonica
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Dioscoreales
Family: Dioscoreaceae
Genus: Dioscorea
Species:
D. japonica
Binomial name
Dioscorea japonica
Thunb. 1784

Dioscorea japonica, known as East Asian mountain yam,[1] yamaimo, or Japanese mountain yam, is a type of yam (Dioscorea) native to Japan (including Ryukyu and Bonin Islands), Korea, China, Taiwan, and Assam.[2][3]

Dioscorea japonica is used for food. Jinenjo, also called the wild yam, is a related variety of Japanese yam that is used as an ingredient in soba noodles.

Mugitoro gohan

Names[edit]

In Japanese, it is known as yamaimo (山芋, "mountain yam").[4] Jinenjo (自然薯, "wild yam") is another kind of Dioscorea japonica, which is native to fields and mountains in Japan.

In Chinese, Dioscorea japonica is known as yě shānyào (野山藥) which translates to English as "wild Chinese yam" or simply "wild yam".[citation needed] Another name is Rìběn shǔyù (日本薯蕷; literally "Japanese yam").[3]

In Korean, it is known as cham ma (참마), as well as dang ma (당마).[citation needed]

Chemistry[edit]

Dioscorea japonica contains the antimutagenic compounds eudesmol and paeonol.[5]

Varieties[edit]

Several formal botanical varieties have been proposed. Four are accepted:[2][3]

  1. Dioscorea japonica var. japonica - Japan (Ryukyu, Bonin), Korea, Taiwan, China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang)
  2. Dioscorea japonica var. nagarum Prain & Burkill - India (Assam)
  3. Dioscorea japonica var. oldhamii R.Knuth - China (Guangdong, Guangxi), Taiwan
  4. Dioscorea japonica var. pilifera C.T.Ting & M.C.Chang - China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)

Uses[edit]

Further information: Chinese yam § Uses

In Japanese cuisine, both the Japanese yam and the introduced Chinese yam are used interchangeably in dishes and recipes.[6]

References[edit]

  1. ^ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 442. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Retrieved 4 January 2017 – via Korea Forest Service.
  2. ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ^ a b c "Dioscorea japonica in Flora of China @ efloras.org". Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  4. ^ Ohwi, Jisaburo (1965). Meyer, Frederick G.; Walker, Egbert H. (eds.). Flora of Japan. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. p. 314. OCLC 742327504. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  5. ^ Antimutagenic Activity of (+)-β-Eudesmol and Paeonol from Dioscorea japonica. Mitsuo Miyazawa, Hideo Shimamura, Sei-ichi Nakamura and Hiromu Kameoka, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44 (7), pages 1647–1650, doi:10.1021/jf950792u
  6. ^ Itoh, Makiko (2015-07-15). "'Yamaimo': Japan's slimy mountain yam". The Japan Times. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
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