Dracaena mannii: Difference between revisions
Paul venter (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
m Rephrased for clarity Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
(40 intermediate revisions by 15 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}} |
|||
{{in use}} |
|||
{{ |
{{Italic title}} |
||
{{Speciesbox |
{{Speciesbox |
||
|status=LC |
|||
|status_system=IUCN3.1 |
|||
|status_ref=<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). |author2=IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group |date=2019 |title=''Dracaena mannii'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T149352222A149505439 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T149352222A149505439.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> |
|||
| taxon = Dracaena mannii |
| taxon = Dracaena mannii |
||
| image = Dracaena mannii01.jpg |
| image = Dracaena mannii01.jpg |
||
| image_caption = |
| image_caption = |
||
| authority = [[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]] |
| authority = [[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]] |
||
⚫ | |||
| synonyms = |
|||
''Dracaena nitens'' <small>Welw. ex [[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]</small> (1878)<br> |
|||
⚫ | |||
''Dracaena perrottetii'' <small>[[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]</small> (1874)<br> |
|||
''Dracaena perrottetii'' var. ''minor'' <small>[[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]</small><br> |
|||
''Dracaena pseudoreflexa'' <small>Mildbr.</small> (1910)<br> |
|||
''Dracaena reflexa'' var. ''nitens'' <small>(Welw. ex [[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]) [[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]</small><br> |
|||
*''Dracaena pseudoreflexa'' Mildbr. |
|||
''Dracaena thomsoniana'' <small>Veitch ex Mast. & Moore</small><br> |
|||
''Dracaena usambarensis'' <small>Engl.</small> (1894)<br> |
|||
''Draco mannii'' <small>([[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]) Kuntze</small><br> |
|||
*''Dracaena usambarensis'' Engl. |
|||
''Draco perottetii'' <small>([[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]) Kuntze</small><br> |
|||
''Pleomele gazensis'' <small>(Rendle) N.E.Br.</small><br> |
|||
*''Draco perottetii'' (Baker) Kuntze |
|||
''Pleomele heudelotii'' <small>N.E.Br.</small><br> |
|||
''Pleomele mannii'' <small>([[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]) N.E.Br.</small><br> |
|||
''Pleomele nitens'' <small>(Welw. ex [[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]) N.E.Br.</small><br> |
|||
''Pleomele perrottetii'' <small>([[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]) N.E.Br.</small><br> |
|||
''Pleomele usambarensis'' <small>(Engl.) N.E.Br.</small> |
|||
*''Pleomele usambarensis'' (Engl.) N.E.Br. |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
'''''Dracaena mannii''''' Baker or '''small-leaved dragon tree''', is a small to medium-sized tree, though recorded up to 30 m tall with stem to 2 m in diameter in [[Cameroon]] and [[Gabon]]. It occurs from [[Senegal]] to [[Angola]] along the African west coast, is widespread in [[tropical Africa]] and is found along the African east coast from [[Kenya]] to [[Kosi Bay]] in northern [[KwaZulu-Natal]]. It prefers lowland, submontane and montane forests which are either moist and evergreen, swampy or on coastal dunes. It is also found along forest edges, in clearings and on river banks from sea level to 1,800 metres. It is one of some 120 species currently recognised in its genus, which occur primarily in Africa and southern Asia with a single vagrant species in [[Central America]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Dracaena|title=Dracaena|publisher=The Plant List}}</ref> The species is named after [[Gustav Mann]] (1836–1916), a German botanist, who corresponded with [[John Gilbert Baker]]. |
|||
'''''Dracaena mannii''''' Baker is a small to medium-sized tree widespread in [[tropical Africa]] and in [[Southern Africa]] along the east coast of [[Mozambique]] and [[KwaZulu-Natal]], preferring moist evergreen forest, swamp forest and dune forest. |
|||
This species has linear leaves, mostly in terminal clusters. Flowers are in terminal spikes or panicles, cream in colour, and sweetly fragrant when opening at night. The fruit is berry-like, |
This species is evergreen, single-stemmed or much branched from near the ground, sometimes stilt-rooted,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Dracaena+mannii|title=Dracaena mannii|publisher=Useful Tropical Plants Database}}</ref> and has linear to narrowly oblong-elliptic leaves with numerous parallel nerves, up to 400 x 20 mm, mostly in terminal clusters, clasping the stem for half its circumference (half-amplexicaul). Flowers are in terminal spikes or panicles (racemose to paniculate), cream or pure white in colour, yellow-green on the outside, and sweetly fragrant when opening at night. The fruit is some 30 mm in diameter, berry-like, brown at first turning bright red when ripe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mozambiqueflora.com/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=114630&ishow_id=1|title=Dracaena mannii|publisher=Flora of Mozambique}}</ref> Bark is white, papery and smooth, with prominent, crescent-shaped leaf scars. Old bark is smooth and grey, and longitudinally fissured, producing resin when damaged.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://e-monocot.org/taxon/urn:kew.org:wcs:taxon:304731|title=Dracaena mannii|publisher=eMonocot}}</ref> |
||
==Ethnic uses== |
|||
Substances have been isolated from this species that inhibit fungal growth and the development of bacteria such as ''[[Escherichia coli]]'', ''[[Enterococcus faecalis]]'', ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]'' and ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''. It is also used against nausea and vomiting, parasitic infections, both cutaneous and subcutaneous, swelling, oedema and gout, mouth sores, worms, lung ailments. Extracts of leaves containing [[glycosides]], [[saponins]] and [[steroids]] are used against pain, and bark extracts as an arrow-poison, while leaf-ash is used in the making of soap. Pulverised roots are soaked in cold water and the infusion is used against stomach-ache, gonorrhoea and chest pains. |
|||
Young leaves and sprouts are cooked and eaten as a vegetable, or with rice and beans. Found in [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Senegal]], [[Gambia]], [[South Africa]], [[Mozambique]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Gabon]], [[Cameroun]] and [[Nigeria]], it may be propagated from seed, leaf cuttings, rhizomes or suckers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.directory.abcic.org/index.php/item/dracaena-mannii-bak|title=Dracaena mannii|publisher=African Biodiversity Conservation and Innovation Center|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232933/http://www.directory.abcic.org/index.php/item/dracaena-mannii-bak|archivedate=2016-03-03}}</ref> Ripe fruits are used as a fish poison. |
|||
==Gallery== |
==Gallery== |
||
<gallery mode=packed heights=300> |
<gallery mode=packed heights=300> |
||
Dracaena |
Dracaena mannii03.jpg |
||
Dracaena mannii00.jpg |
Dracaena mannii00.jpg |
||
Dracaena mannii02.jpg |
Dracaena mannii02.jpg |
||
Line 37: | Line 44: | ||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
||
==External links== |
|||
* [http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/details.php?langue=an&id=14251 SANBI distribution map] |
|||
{{Taxonbar|from=Q15509427}} |
|||
[[Category:Dracaena (plant)|mannii]] |
|||
[[Category:Flora of Africa]] |
|||
[[Category:Taxa named by John Gilbert Baker]] |
Latest revision as of 13:11, 4 November 2023
Dracaena mannii | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Asparagales |
Family: | Asparagaceae |
Subfamily: | Nolinoideae |
Genus: | Dracaena |
Species: | D. mannii
|
Binomial name | |
Dracaena mannii | |
Synonyms | |
Dracaena gazensis Rendle (1911) |
Dracaena mannii Baker or small-leaved dragon tree, is a small to medium-sized tree, though recorded up to 30 m tall with stem to 2 m in diameter in Cameroon and Gabon. It occurs from Senegal to Angola along the African west coast, is widespread in tropical Africa and is found along the African east coast from Kenya to Kosi Bay in northern KwaZulu-Natal. It prefers lowland, submontane and montane forests which are either moist and evergreen, swampy or on coastal dunes. It is also found along forest edges, in clearings and on river banks from sea level to 1,800 metres. It is one of some 120 species currently recognised in its genus, which occur primarily in Africa and southern Asia with a single vagrant species in Central America.[2] The species is named after Gustav Mann (1836–1916), a German botanist, who corresponded with John Gilbert Baker.
This species is evergreen, single-stemmed or much branched from near the ground, sometimes stilt-rooted,[3] and has linear to narrowly oblong-elliptic leaves with numerous parallel nerves, up to 400 x 20 mm, mostly in terminal clusters, clasping the stem for half its circumference (half-amplexicaul). Flowers are in terminal spikes or panicles (racemose to paniculate), cream or pure white in colour, yellow-green on the outside, and sweetly fragrant when opening at night. The fruit is some 30 mm in diameter, berry-like, brown at first turning bright red when ripe.[4] Bark is white, papery and smooth, with prominent, crescent-shaped leaf scars. Old bark is smooth and grey, and longitudinally fissured, producing resin when damaged.[5]
Ethnic uses[edit]
Substances have been isolated from this species that inhibit fungal growth and the development of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. It is also used against nausea and vomiting, parasitic infections, both cutaneous and subcutaneous, swelling, oedema and gout, mouth sores, worms, lung ailments. Extracts of leaves containing glycosides, saponins and steroids are used against pain, and bark extracts as an arrow-poison, while leaf-ash is used in the making of soap. Pulverised roots are soaked in cold water and the infusion is used against stomach-ache, gonorrhoea and chest pains.
Young leaves and sprouts are cooked and eaten as a vegetable, or with rice and beans. Found in Kenya, Tanzania, Senegal, Gambia, South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Cameroun and Nigeria, it may be propagated from seed, leaf cuttings, rhizomes or suckers.[6] Ripe fruits are used as a fish poison.
Gallery[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Dracaena mannii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T149352222A149505439. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T149352222A149505439.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ "Dracaena". The Plant List.
- ^ "Dracaena mannii". Useful Tropical Plants Database.
- ^ "Dracaena mannii". Flora of Mozambique.
- ^ "Dracaena mannii". eMonocot.
- ^ "Dracaena mannii". African Biodiversity Conservation and Innovation Center. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.