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{{Short description|Species of eucalyptus}}
{{italic title}}
{{speciesbox
{{Taxobox
|name = Grey Gum
|name = Grey gum
|image = Eucalyptus punctatatrunk.jpg
|image = Eucalyptus punctatatrunk.jpg
|image_caption = ''Eucalyptus punctata'' in [[Heathcote National Park]]
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
⚫
|genus = Eucalyptus
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperm]]s
⚫
|species = punctata
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicot]]s
|authority = [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|DC.]]<ref name=APC>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus punctata''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/106736|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref>
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosid]]s
|synonyms_ref = <ref name="APC" />
|ordo = [[Myrtales]]
|synonyms =
|familia = [[Myrtaceae]]
* ''Eucalyptus biturbinata'' <small>L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill</small>
⚫
|genus = ''[[Eucalyptus]]''
* ''Eucalyptus punctata'' var. ''didyma'' <small>R.T.Baker & H.G.Sm.</small>
⚫
|species = '''''E. punctata'''''
|binomial = ''Eucalyptus punctata''
* ''Eucalyptus punctata'' <small>DC.</small> var. ''punctata''
⚫
* ''Eucalyptus shiressii'' <small>Maiden & Blakely</small>
|binomial_authority = [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|DC.]]
⚫
* ''Eucalyptus tereticornis var. brachycorys'' <small>Benth.</small>
⚫
|synonyms=''Eucalyptus shiressii'' Maiden & Blakely<br>
⚫
}}
⚫
''Eucalyptus tereticornis'' var. ''brachycorys'' [[George Bentham|Benth.]],
[[File:Eucalyptus punctata buds.jpg|thumb|right|flower buds]][[File:Eucalyptus punctata fruit.jpg|thumb|right|fruit]]
⚫
|}}


'''''Eucalyptus punctata''''', commonly known as '''grey gum''',<ref name="RBGS">{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=Ken |title=''Eucalyptus punctata'' |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Eucalyptus~punctata |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref> is a small to medium-sized tree that is [[Endemism|endemic]] to eastern Australia. It has smooth grey bark that is shed in patches, lance-shaped, curved or egg-shaped adult leaves flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical or cup-shaped fruit. Its leaves are one of the favoured foods of the koala.
'''''Eucalyptus punctata''''', commonly known as '''Grey Gum''', is a large tree of the myrtle family, [[Myrtaceae]], native to South East [[Queensland]] and eastern [[New South Wales]], where it specialises in poor soils such as [[Sydney sandstone]]. Its leaves are one of the favoured foods of the [[koala]]. The tree's common name comes from its bark, which takes a greyish cast at about one year of age (see photograph). On most trees this bark is partly shed, revealing a bare and slightly orange or brown tinted smooth surface. The white flowers appear over the summer.

⚫
==Description==
''Eucalyptus punctata'' is a tree that typically grows to a height of {{cvt|35|m}} and forms a [[lignotuber]]. It has smooth grey, brown or cream-coloured bark that is shed in patches. Young plants and [[coppice]] regrowth have dull green leaves that are paler on the lower surface, egg-shaped to lance-shaped, {{cvt|55-115|mm}} long and {{cvt|15-35|mm}} wide and [[Petiole (botany)|petiolate]]. Adult leaves are glossy dark green, paler on the lower surface, lance-shaped or curved to egg-shaped, {{cvt|60-180|mm}} long and {{cvt|14-37|mm}} wide tapering to a petiole {{cvt|13-26|mm}} long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf [[wikt:axil|axil]]s in groups of seven on an unbranched [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]] {{cvt|10-20|mm}} long, the individual buds on [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicels]] {{cvt|2-8|mm}} long. Mature buds are oval, {{cvt|6-9|mm}} long and {{cvt|4-9|mm}} wide with a conical to rounded [[Operculum (botany)|operculum]]. Flowering occurs from December to March and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, cup-shaped or hemispherical [[Capsule (botany)|capsule]] {{cvt|4-9|mm}} long and {{cvt|6-10|mm}} wide.<ref name="RBGS" /><ref name=fairley>{{cite book |author1=Fairley Alan |author2=Moore Philip |title=Native Plants of the Sydney District:An Identification Guide |year=2000 |edition= 2nd|publisher=Kangaroo Press |pages=211 |location=Kenthurst, NSW |isbn=0-7318-1031-7}}</ref><ref name="CANBR">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus punctata'' |url=https://apps.lucidcentral.org/euclid/text/entities/eucalyptus_punctata.htm |publisher=Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research |access-date=30 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="ABRS">{{cite web |last1=Chippendale |first1=George M. |title=''Eucalyptus punctata'' |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Eucalyptus%20punctata |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra |access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref>


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
Swiss naturalist [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle]] first described the grey gum in 1828. Common names include grey gum and grey irongum.<ref>{{APNI | name = ''Eucalyptus punctata'' DC.| id = 53031}}</ref> The species name is the [[Latin]] adjective ''punctata'' "spotted" and refers to the oil glands which give the leaves a dotted appearance.<ref name="Boland">{{cite book|last=Boland, Douglas J.; Brooker, M. I. H.; Chippendale, G. M.; McDonald, Maurice William |title=Forest trees of Australia|publisher=CSIRO Publishing|location=Collingwood, Victoria|date=2006|pages=306|isbn=0-643-06969-0|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=q2v3kb9tFsYC&pg=PA306&dq=Eucalyptus+punctata&hl=en&ei=0iNgTvOkJI3LmAX42sWPDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CFAQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Eucalyptus%20punctata&f=false}}</ref>
''Eucalyptus punctata'' was first formally described in 1828 by Swiss naturalist [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle]] in his book ''[[Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis]]''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus punctata''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/455896|publisher=APNI|access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="DC.">{{cite book |last1=de Candolle |first1=Augustin Pyramus |title=Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis (Volume 3) |date=1828 |publisher=Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Würtz |location=Paris |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/7152#page/228/mode/1up |access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref> The [[botanical name|specifici epithet]] (''punctata'') is from the [[Latin]] adjective ''punctatus'' meaning "spotted" and refers to the oil glands, which give the leaves a dotted appearance.<ref name="Boland">{{cite book|author1=Boland Douglas J. |author2=Brooker M. I. H. |author3=Chippendale G. M. |author4=McDonald Maurice William |title=Forest trees of Australia|publisher=CSIRO Publishing|location=Collingwood, Victoria|year=2006|pages=306|isbn=0-643-06969-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q2v3kb9tFsYC&q=Eucalyptus+punctata&pg=PA306}}</ref>


It is one a group of related species known collectively as large-fruited grey gums found in eastern Australia, the others being ''[[Eucalyptus longirostrata|E. longirostrata]]'' from eastern Queensland, ''[[Eucalyptus biturbinata|E. biturbinata]]'' from the New England region, and ''[[Eucalyptus canaliculata|E. canaliculata]]'' from the vicinity of Gloucester and Dungog in central-northern New South Wales.<ref name="Boland"/>
It is one a group of related species known collectively as large-fruited grey gums found in eastern Australia, the others being ''[[Eucalyptus longirostrata|E. longirostrata]]'' from eastern Queensland, ''[[Eucalyptus biturbinata|E. biturbinata]]'' from the New England region, and ''[[Eucalyptus canaliculata|E. canaliculata]]'' from the vicinity of Gloucester and Dungog in central-northern New South Wales.<ref name="Boland" /><ref name="CANBR" />

⚫
==Description==
The grey gum grows as a large tree to 35 m (100 ft) high, with bark of various shades of grey, white and orange hues, which sheds in large sheets, giving the trunk a patchy appearance. The glossy dark green adult leaves are falcate (sickle-shaped) or lanceolate and measure 8–15 cm (3.4–6 in) in length by 1.5–3 cm (0.6–1.2 in) wide. The flowers are white,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/euctax.pl?/PlantNet/Euc=&name=Eucalyptus+punctata |title=Eucalyptus punctata|work=EucaLink: A Web Guide to the Eucalyptus| author=|date=|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney|accessdate=2 September 2011}}</ref> and are in bloom from December to March.<ref name=fairley>{{cite book |author = Fairley, Alan; Moore, Philip |title=Native Plants of the Sydney District:An Identification Guide |year=2000 |edition= 2nd|publisher=Kangaroo Press |pages=211 |location=Kenthurst, NSW |isbn=0-7318-1031-7}}</ref>


==Distribution and habitat==
==Distribution and habitat==
The range is from the [[Liverpool Range]] to [[Nowra]] in central New South Wales, most commonly on transition zone soil type between sandstone and shale.<ref name="Boland"/>
Grey gum occurs through the ranges and near coastal areas from near [[Gympie]] in Queensland to near [[Nowra, New South Wales|Nowra]] in New South Wales, most commonly on transition zone soil types between sandstone and shale.<ref name="Boland"/>


It grows in tall open sclerophyll forest, associated with such species as red bloodwood (''[[Corymbia gummifera]]''), pink bloodwood (''[[Corymbia intermedia|C. intermedia]]''), spotted gum (''[[Corymbia maculata|C. maculata]]''), white stringybark (''[[Eucalyptus globoidea|E. globoidea]]''), sydney peppermint (''[[Eucalyptus piperita|E. piperita]]''), blackbutt (''[[Eucalyptus pilularis|E. pilularis]]''), yellow box (''[[Eucalyptus melliodora|E. melliodora]]''), mountain grey gum (''[[Eucalyptus cypellocarpa|E. cypellocarpa]]''), narrow-leaved ironbark (''[[Eucalyptus crebra|E. crebra]]''), grey ironbark (''[[Eucalyptus paniculata|E. paniculata]]''), broad-leaved white mahogany (''[[Eucalyptus umbra|E. umbra]]''), white mahogany (''[[Eucalyptus acmenoides|E. acmenoides]]''), and apples (''[[Angophora]]'' species).<ref name="Boland"/><ref name=Ben98/>
It grows in tall open sclerophyll forest, associated with such species as red bloodwood (''[[Corymbia gummifera]]''), pink bloodwood (''[[Corymbia intermedia|C. intermedia]]''), spotted gum (''[[Corymbia maculata|C. maculata]]''), white stringybark (''[[Eucalyptus globoidea|E. globoidea]]''), Sydney peppermint (''[[Eucalyptus piperita|E. piperita]]''), blackbutt (''[[Eucalyptus pilularis|E. pilularis]]''), yellow box (''[[Eucalyptus melliodora|E. melliodora]]''), mountain grey gum (''[[Eucalyptus cypellocarpa|E. cypellocarpa]]''), narrow-leaved ironbark (''[[Eucalyptus crebra|E. crebra]]''), grey ironbark (''[[Eucalyptus paniculata|E. paniculata]]''), broad-leaved white mahogany (''[[Eucalyptus umbra|E. umbra]]''), white mahogany (''[[Eucalyptus acmenoides|E. acmenoides]]''), and apples (''[[Angophora]]'' species).<ref name="Boland"/><ref name=Ben98/>


==Ecology==
==Ecology==
The grey gum regenerates by regrowing from the base and branches after bushfire. Trees live for over a hundred years. The [[Grey-headed Flying Fox]] (''Pteropus poliocephalus'') eats the flowers, while the leaves form a staple of the diet of the [[Koala]] (''Phascolarctos cinereus'').<ref name=Ben98>{{cite journal |last=Benson |first=Doug |coauthors=McDougall, Lyn |year=1998|title=Ecology of Sydney plant species:Part 6 Dicotyledon family Myrtaceae |journal=Cunninghamia |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=809–987 |id= |url=http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/58049/Cun5Ben808.pdf}}</ref> Leaves in winter contain less nitrogen than those in summer, which the koalas make up for by eating more in winter months.<ref>{{cite doi|10.1071/ZO9860017}}</ref> The [[Brown-headed Honeyeater]] (''Melithreptus brevirostris'') and [[Yellow-tufted Honeyeater]] (''Lichenostomus melanops'') have been observed eating gum exudate from the stems.<ref name="Barker 1984">{{cite book | author = Barker RD, Vestjens WJM | year = 1984 | title = ''The Food of Australian Birds: (II) Passerines | publisher = Melbourne University Press | isbn = 0-643-05115-5 | pages = |url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=MeM4Y6zUZbMC&pg=PT200&dq=Eucalyptus+punctata&hl=en&ei=0iNgTvOkJI3LmAX42sWPDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFwQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Eucalyptus%20punctata&f=false}}</ref>
The grey gum regenerates by regrowing from the base and branches after bushfire. Trees live for over a hundred years. The [[grey-headed flying fox]] (''Pteropus poliocephalus'') eats the flowers, while the leaves form a staple of the diet of the [[koala]] (''Phascolarctos cinereus'').<ref name=Ben98>{{cite journal|last=Benson |first=Doug |author2=McDougall Lyn |year=1998 |title=Ecology of Sydney plant species:Part 6 Dicotyledon family Myrtaceae |journal=Cunninghamia |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=809–987 |url=http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/58049/Cun5Ben808.pdf |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090614173442/http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/58049/Cun5Ben808.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-06-14 }}</ref> Leaves in winter contain less nitrogen than those in summer, which the koalas make up for by eating more in winter months.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Cork | first1 = S. J. | doi = 10.1071/ZO9860017 | title = Foliage of ''Eucalyptus punctata'' and the Maintenance Nitrogen Requirements of Koalas, ''Phascolarctos cinereus'' | journal = Australian Journal of Zoology | volume = 34 |issue= 1| pages = 17–23 | year = 1986 }}</ref> The [[brown-headed honeyeater]] (''Melithreptus brevirostris'') and [[yellow-tufted honeyeater]] (''Lichenostomus melanops'') have been observed eating gum exudate from the stems.<ref name="Barker 1984">{{cite book |vauthors=Barker RD, Vestjens WJ | year = 1984 | title = ''The Food of Australian Birds: (II) Passerines'' | publisher = Melbourne University Press | isbn = 0-643-05115-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MeM4Y6zUZbMC&q=Eucalyptus+punctata&pg=PT200}}</ref>
Fieldwork at several sites around central New South Wales showed that the [[red wattlebird]] (''Anthochaera carunculata'') and [[noisy friarbird]] (''Philemon corniculatus'') preferred to forage on the foliage of the grey gum over other trees, with the former appearing to oust the latter if both species were present.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Selective foliage foraging by Red Wattlebirds, ''Anthochaera carunculata'', and Noisy Friarbirds, ''Philemon corniculatus'' |author1=Saunders Anthony S. J. |author2=Burgin Shelley | journal=Emu |year= 2001 |volume=101|issue=2|pages=163–66 | doi=10.1071/MU00007|s2cid=82157738 }}</ref>


==Uses==
==Uses==
The timber is very hard and durable, and used in construction and for railway sleepers.<ref name="Boland"/> The multicoloured bark of ''Eucalyptus punctata'' that appears from time to time gives the tree some horticultural appeal, and it has potential applications in large parks, reserves and fields.<ref name=EJ>{{cite encyclopedia | author = Elliot, Rodger W. & Jones, David L. | year = 1986 | title = Eu-Go | editor = Elliot, Rodger W. & Jones, David L. | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants suitable for cultivation | volume = 4 | page = 190 | publisher = Lothian Publishing | isbn = 0-85091-213-X}}</ref>
The timber is very hard and durable, and used in construction and for railway sleepers.<ref name="Boland"/> The multicoloured bark of ''Eucalyptus punctata'' that appears from time to time gives the tree some horticultural appeal, and it has potential applications in large parks, reserves and fields.<ref name=EJ>{{cite encyclopedia |author1=Elliot Rodger W. |author2=Jones David L. | year = 1986 | title = Eu-Go | editor = Elliot, Rodger W. |editor2 = Jones, David L. | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants suitable for cultivation | volume = 4 | page = 190 | publisher = Lothian Publishing | isbn = 0-85091-213-X}}</ref>


== References ==
==Gallery==
<br/>
{{reflist}}
{{gallery
|title=Features of the grey gum (''Eucalyptus punctata'')
|align=center
|width=120
|height=120
|style=text-align:center
|File:Eucalyptus punctata - adult leaves.jpg|Adult leaves
⚫
|File:Eucalyptus punctata - buds.jpg|Buds
|File:Eucalyptus punctata - fruit.jpg|Fruit
|File:Eucalyptus punctata - trunk bark.jpg|Trunk bark
|File:Eucalyptus punctata - upper branch bark.jpg|Upper branch bark
|File:Eucalyptus punctata.jpg
}}


==References==
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q5405694}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Eucalyptus punctata}}
[[Category:Eucalyptus|punctata]]
[[Category:Eucalyptus|punctata]]
[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]]
[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]]
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[[Category:Flora of Queensland]]
[[Category:Flora of Queensland]]
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1828]]

Latest revision as of 18:23, 28 March 2023

Grey gum
Eucalyptus punctata in Heathcote National Park
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species:
E. punctata
Binomial name
Eucalyptus punctata
Synonyms[1]
  • Eucalyptus biturbinata L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill
  • Eucalyptus punctata var. didyma R.T.Baker & H.G.Sm.
  • Eucalyptus punctata DC. var. punctata
  • Eucalyptus shiressii Maiden & Blakely
  • Eucalyptus tereticornis var. brachycorys Benth.
flower buds
fruit

Eucalyptus punctata, commonly known as grey gum,[2] is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has smooth grey bark that is shed in patches, lance-shaped, curved or egg-shaped adult leaves flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical or cup-shaped fruit. Its leaves are one of the favoured foods of the koala.

Description[edit]

Eucalyptus punctata is a tree that typically grows to a height of 35 m (115 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth grey, brown or cream-coloured bark that is shed in patches. Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull green leaves that are paler on the lower surface, egg-shaped to lance-shaped, 55–115 mm (2.2–4.5 in) long and 15–35 mm (0.59–1.38 in) wide and petiolate. Adult leaves are glossy dark green, paler on the lower surface, lance-shaped or curved to egg-shaped, 60–180 mm (2.4–7.1 in) long and 14–37 mm (0.55–1.46 in) wide tapering to a petiole 13–26 mm (0.51–1.02 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 2–8 mm (0.079–0.315 in) long. Mature buds are oval, 6–9 mm (0.24–0.35 in) long and 4–9 mm (0.16–0.35 in) wide with a conical to rounded operculum. Flowering occurs from December to March and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, cup-shaped or hemispherical capsule 4–9 mm (0.16–0.35 in) long and 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) wide.[2][3][4][5]

Taxonomy[edit]

Eucalyptus punctata was first formally described in 1828 by Swiss naturalist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in his book Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis.[6][7] The specifici epithet (punctata) is from the Latin adjective punctatus meaning "spotted" and refers to the oil glands, which give the leaves a dotted appearance.[8]

It is one a group of related species known collectively as large-fruited grey gums found in eastern Australia, the others being E. longirostrata from eastern Queensland, E. biturbinata from the New England region, and E. canaliculata from the vicinity of Gloucester and Dungog in central-northern New South Wales.[8][4]

Distribution and habitat[edit]

Grey gum occurs through the ranges and near coastal areas from near Gympie in Queensland to near Nowra in New South Wales, most commonly on transition zone soil types between sandstone and shale.[8]

It grows in tall open sclerophyll forest, associated with such species as red bloodwood (Corymbia gummifera), pink bloodwood (C. intermedia), spotted gum (C. maculata), white stringybark (E. globoidea), Sydney peppermint (E. piperita), blackbutt (E. pilularis), yellow box (E. melliodora), mountain grey gum (E. cypellocarpa), narrow-leaved ironbark (E. crebra), grey ironbark (E. paniculata), broad-leaved white mahogany (E. umbra), white mahogany (E. acmenoides), and apples (Angophora species).[8][9]

Ecology[edit]

The grey gum regenerates by regrowing from the base and branches after bushfire. Trees live for over a hundred years. The grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) eats the flowers, while the leaves form a staple of the diet of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus).[9] Leaves in winter contain less nitrogen than those in summer, which the koalas make up for by eating more in winter months.[10] The brown-headed honeyeater (Melithreptus brevirostris) and yellow-tufted honeyeater (Lichenostomus melanops) have been observed eating gum exudate from the stems.[11] Fieldwork at several sites around central New South Wales showed that the red wattlebird (Anthochaera carunculata) and noisy friarbird (Philemon corniculatus) preferred to forage on the foliage of the grey gum over other trees, with the former appearing to oust the latter if both species were present.[12]

Uses[edit]

The timber is very hard and durable, and used in construction and for railway sleepers.[8] The multicoloured bark of Eucalyptus punctata that appears from time to time gives the tree some horticultural appeal, and it has potential applications in large parks, reserves and fields.[13]

Gallery[edit]


Features of the grey gum (Eucalyptus punctata)
  • Adult leaves
    Adult leaves
  • Buds
    Buds
  • Fruit
    Fruit
  • Trunk bark
    Trunk bark
  • Upper branch bark
    Upper branch bark

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Eucalyptus punctata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  2. ^ a b Hill, Ken. "Eucalyptus punctata". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  3. ^ Fairley Alan; Moore Philip (2000). Native Plants of the Sydney District:An Identification Guide (2nd ed.). Kenthurst, NSW: Kangaroo Press. p. 211. ISBN 0-7318-1031-7.
  4. ^ a b "Eucalyptus punctata". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  5. ^ Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus punctata". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  6. ^ "Eucalyptus punctata". APNI. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  7. ^ de Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (1828). Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis (Volume 3). Paris: Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Würtz. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  8. ^ a b c d e Boland Douglas J.; Brooker M. I. H.; Chippendale G. M.; McDonald Maurice William (2006). Forest trees of Australia. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. p. 306. ISBN 0-643-06969-0.
  9. ^ a b Benson, Doug; McDougall Lyn (1998). "Ecology of Sydney plant species:Part 6 Dicotyledon family Myrtaceae" (PDF). Cunninghamia. 5 (4): 809–987. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-06-14.
  10. ^ Cork, S. J. (1986). "Foliage of Eucalyptus punctata and the Maintenance Nitrogen Requirements of Koalas, Phascolarctos cinereus". Australian Journal of Zoology. 34 (1): 17–23. doi:10.1071/ZO9860017.
  11. ^ Barker RD, Vestjens WJ (1984). The Food of Australian Birds: (II) Passerines. Melbourne University Press. ISBN 0-643-05115-5.
  12. ^ Saunders Anthony S. J.; Burgin Shelley (2001). "Selective foliage foraging by Red Wattlebirds, Anthochaera carunculata, and Noisy Friarbirds, Philemon corniculatus". Emu. 101 (2): 163–66. doi:10.1071/MU00007. S2CID 82157738.
  13. ^ Elliot Rodger W.; Jones David L. (1986). "Eu-Go". In Elliot, Rodger W.; Jones, David L. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants suitable for cultivation. Vol. 4. Lothian Publishing. p. 190. ISBN 0-85091-213-X.
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