Eucalyptus piperita
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Eucalyptus piperita |
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Eucalyptus piperita is a species ofthe myrtle family (Myrtaceae). It occurs on the central coastline and in the eastern plateau of New South Wales and is called "Peppermint Stringybark", "Sydney Peppermint" or "Urn fruited Peppermint".
description
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Appearance and leaf
Eucalyptus piperita grows as a tree that can reach heights of up to 20 or 30 meters. The bark remains on the entire trunk and the larger branches, is gray to gray-brown and has short fibers. At the top of the tree, it is white or gray and peels in long ribbons. The bark of the small branches is green. There are no oil glands in the marrow of the young branches or in the bark.
In Eucalyptus piperita there is heterophylly . The leaves are always divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blade on young specimens is ovate and dull gray-green. On middle-aged specimens, the leaf blade is about 16 cm long and about 7.5 cm wide, also ovate, sickle-shaped, with entire margins and matt gray-green. The petiole on adult specimens is 10 to 20 mm long and narrowly flattened or angular. The leaf blades of the same color on the top and bottom of the adult specimens are dull green or gray-green and are 10 to 14 cm long and 1 to 3 cm wide and lanceolate or broadly lanceolate and sickle-shaped. It can be relatively thin or relatively thick, taper towards the base of the spreader or have a blunt base and a blunt or pointed upper end. The raised lateral nerves extend from the median nerve at large intervals at a very acute angle. The cotyledons ( cotyledons ) are kidney-shaped.
Inflorescence and flower
On the side of an inflorescence stem with a length of 5 to 18 mm and a diameter of up to 3 mm in cross section, narrowly flattened or angular inflorescences, there are approximately eleven or more flowered partial inflorescences in compound total inflorescences . The flower stalks are 2 to 6 mm long and stalk-round. With a length of 4 to 8 mm and a diameter of 2 to 3 mm, the flower buds are club-shaped or spindle-shaped and not floured or frosted blue-green. The sepals form a calyptra that remains in place until flowering ( anthesis ). The smooth calyptra is pointed, conical or beak-shaped, two to three times as long as the smooth flower cup (hypanthium) and as wide as this. The flowers are white or creamy white.
fruit
The stalked fruit is 6 to 9 mm long and 6 to 7 mm in diameter spherical, egg-shaped or urn-shaped and three to four-faced. The disc is indented, the fruit compartments are included.
Occurrence
The natural range of Eucalyptus piperita is the middle coastline and the east table country of New South Wales from Nabiac to the Tuross River .
Eucalyptus piperita often grows locally in dry hard- leaved forest or light forest on moderately fertile, often sandy soils in river valleys.
Systematics
The first publication of Eucalyptus piperita was made in 1790 by James Edward Smith in the Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales , p 226. synonyms for Eucalyptus piperita Sm. Are Eucalyptus bottii Blakely., Eucalyptus urceolaris Maiden & Blakely, Eucalyptus aromatica (Salisb.) Domin , Metrosideros aromatica Salisb., Eucalyptus piperita Sm. Var. Piperita , Eucalyptus piperita Sm. Subsp. piperita , Eucalyptus piperita var. laxiflora Benth. and Eucalyptus piperita subsp. urceolaris (Maiden & Blakely) LASJohnson & Blaxell.
Natural hybrids of Eucalyptus piperita with Eucalyptus racemosa subsp. rossii , Eucalyptus moorei , Eucalyptus oreades , Eucalyptus capitellata , Eucalyptus haemastoma , Eucalyptus sclerophylla and Eucalyptus racemosa .
use
The volatile oil, called eucalyptus oil , which is extracted from the leaves of Eucalyptus piperita , is used to relieve stomach pain. Fresh leaves of Eucalyptus piperita contain 2.25% oil, which consists of 40 to 50% piperiton and phellandrene .
Australian botanist Joseph Maiden believed that Dennis Considen , a First Fleet doctor , should be believed to be the first to recognize the medicinal value of eucalyptus oil, distilled from the foliage of Eucalyptus piperita . The first specimens were found on the shores of Port Jackson in 1788 . This view was supported by a letter that Considen wrote to his English colleague Dr. Anthony Hamilton wrote:
"(...); we have a large peppermint tree which is equal if not superior to our english peppermint. I have sent you a specimen of it if there is any merit in applying these and many other simples [sic] to the benefit of the poor wretches here, I certainly claim it, being the first who discovered and recommended them "(Eng .: (...) we have a large peppermint tree that is just as good or better than our English peppermint tree. I have you a sample of this sent (so that they can determine) whether it makes sense to use these and many other samples for the benefit of the poor devils here, I will surely accept and was the first to discover and recommend them.)
Considen sent a sample of the eucalyptus oil for evaluation with the "Golden Grove" on their return trip to England in 1788. John White , the chief physician of the colony, is also credited with the discovery as he documented the matter and arranged for samples to be sent to England . The doctors based their assumption about the medicinal properties of eucalyptus oil on the similarity of its smell to that of the well-known English peppermint tree.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Specimen search results: Eucalyptus piperita at Australia's Virtual Herbarium. Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria . Retrieved April 17, 2013
- ↑ a b c d APNI = Australian Plant Name Index . Center for Plant Biodiversity Research. Australian Government. Retrieved April 17, 2013
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l K. Hill: Eucalyptus piperita (Sm.) At New South Wales Flora Online . National Herbarium of NSW, Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Retrieved April 17, 2013
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Eucalyptus piperita at EucaLink - A Web Guide to the Eucalypts . Retrieved April 17, 2013.
- ↑ Eucalyptus piperita at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed April 17, 2013.
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Eucalyptus piperita. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 17, 2013.
- ^ EV Lassak & T. McCarthy: Australian Medicinal Plants . Methuen Australia. 1983. ISBN 0-454-00438-9 . S. 154. The author had the source in the en-Wikipedia.
- ↑ AR Penfold & FR Morrison: Notes on Eucalyptus piperita and its essential oils, with special reference to their piperitone content . Part I. in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales . Volume 58 (1924). Pp. 124-278. The author had the source in the en-Wikipedia.
- ^ Joseph H. Maiden : The Forest Flora of New South Wales . Volume 4. Government Printer. Sydney 1922. The author had the source in the en-Wikipedia.
- ↑ Copy of a letter received by Dr Anthony Hamilton from Dennis Considen, November 18, 1788 (Series 23.26) , forwarded to Joseph Banks. Papers of Sir Joseph Banks. State Library of New South Wales. Retrieved April 17, 2013
- ↑ HHG Mackern: Research into the volatile oils of the Australian flora, 1788-1967 in A Century of Scientific Progress . Centenary Volume. Royal Society of New South Wales. Sydney 1968. pp. 310-331. The author had the source in the en-Wikipedia.
- ^ BEJ Small: Assessing the Australian Eucalyptus Oil Industry in Forest and Timber . Volume 13 (1977). Pp. 13-16. The author had the source in the en-Wikipedia.
- ^ EV Lassak & T. McCarthy: Australian Medicinal Plants . Methuen Australia. 1983. ISBN 0-454-00438-9 . P. 15. Source was available to the author in the en-Wikipedia.
- ^ John White: Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales 1790. Project Gutenberg of Australia 2003 , Retrieved April 17, 2013.
