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{{short description|American agricultural scientist (1848–1911)}}
{{use American English|date=September 2019}}
{{use mdy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Franklin Hiram King
| name = Franklin Hiram King
|image = Franklin Hiram King.jpg
| image = Franklin Hiram King.jpg
| caption = Franklin Hiram King, from the frontispiece of ''Farmers of Forty Centuries'' (1911).
|image_size = 200px
| birth_date = {{birth date|1848|6|8}}
|caption = Franklin Hiram King, from the frontispiece of ''Farmers of Forty Centuries'' (1911).
| birth_place = La Grange, near [[Whitewater, Wisconsin]], United States
|birth_date = {{birth date|1848|6|8}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1911|8|4|1848|6|8}}
|birth_place = La Grange,<br />near [[Whitewater, Wisconsin]], United States
| death_place = United States
|death_date = {{d-da|4 August 1911|8 June 1848}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Carrie Baker King|Carrie Baker]]|1880}}
|death_place = United States
|spouse = {{marriage|[[Carrie Baker King|Carrie Baker]]|1880}}
| children = {{ubl|Anna|Max|Clarence|Hugh|Ralph|Howard}}
| residence =
|children = Anna<br />Max<br />Clarence<br />Hugh<br />Ralph<br />Howard
|residence =
| citizenship =
|citizenship =
| nationality = [[United States|American]]
| ethnicity =
|nationality = [[United States|American]]
| field = [[agricultural science|agricultural scientist]]
|ethnicity =
| work_institutions = {{plainlist|
|field = [[agricultural science|agricultural scientist]]
|work_institutions = [[River Falls State Normal School]] (1878–1888), [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] (1888–1901)<br />[[US Department of Agriculture]], Bureau of Soils (1901–1904)
* [[River Falls State Normal School]] (1878–1888), [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] (1888–1901)
* [[US Department of Agriculture]], Bureau of Soils (1901–1904)
|alma_mater = [[Whitewater State Normal School]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = [[Soil science]]<br />[[storage silo|Cylindrical storage silo]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences = [[Thomas C. Chamberlin]]
|influenced = [[A.R. Whitson]]<br />[[Charles E. Slichter]]
|prizes = [[Doctor of Science]], [[University of Wisconsin]] (1910)
|religion =
|footnotes =
|signature =
}}
}}
| alma_mater = [[University of Wisconsin–Whitewater|Whitewater State Normal School]]
'''Franklin Hiram King''' (8 June 1848–4 August 1911) was an [[United States|American]] [[agricultural science|agricultural scientist]] who was born on a farm near [[Whitewater, Wisconsin]], attended country schools, and received his professional training first at [[Whitewater State Normal School]], graduating in 1872, and then at [[Cornell University]].<ref>{{cite journal
| doctoral_advisor =
|last1=Taylor |first1=Mrs. H. J.
| doctoral_students =
|title=Franklin Hiram King
| known_for = {{ubl|[[Soil science]]|[[storage silo|Cylindrical storage silo]]}}
|volume=57
| author_abbrev_bot =
|issue=1
| author_abbrev_zoo =
|pages=66–69
| prizes = [[Doctor of Science]], [[University of Wisconsin]] (1910)
|date=June 1933
| religion =
|journal=The Wilson Bulletin
| footnotes =
|url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/wilson/v045n02/p0066-p0069.pdf
| signature =
|access-date=2017-12-02
}} Author: [http://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/yosemite_indians_and_other_sketches/ Rose Schuster Taylor], as Mrs. H. J. Taylor.</ref> King is now best remembered for his first-hand account of traditional agricultural practices in Asia, now regarded as an [[organic farming]] classic text.<ref name=KingForty>{{cite journal
|last=Paull |first=John
|title=The making of an agricultural classic: Farmers of Forty Centuries or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea and Japan, 1911–2011
|journal=Agricultural Sciences
|volume=2
|issue=3
|pages=175–180
|year=2011
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|url=https://www.academia.edu/9148622/The_making_of_an_agricultural_classic_Farmers_of_Forty_Centuries_or_Permanent_Agriculture_in_China_Korea_and_Japan_1911-2011
}}
}}
'''Franklin Hiram King''' (8 June 1848 – 4 August 1911) was an American [[agricultural science|agricultural scientist]] who was born on a farm near [[Whitewater, Wisconsin]], attended country schools, and received his professional training first at [[University of Wisconsin–Whitewater|Whitewater State Normal School]], graduating in 1872, and then at [[Cornell University]].<ref name="taylor" /> King is now best remembered for his first-hand account of traditional agricultural practices in Asia, now regarded as an [[organic farming]] classic text.<ref name=King>Paull , John (2011) [http://www.academia.edu/9148622/The_making_of_an_agricultural_classic_Farmers_of_Forty_Centuries_or_Permanent_Agriculture_in_China_Korea_and_Japan_1911-2011 The making of an agricultural classic: Farmers of Forty Centuries or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea and Japan, 1911-2011], Agricultural Sciences, 2 (3), pp. 175-180.</ref>
</ref>


King served as a professor of agricultural physics at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] from 1888 until 1902. Interested in a wide range of subjects throughout his career, King made major contributions during these years in research and teaching that dealt with applications of [[physics]] to agriculture. Most attention was given to [[soil]] physics, for example, [[water]]-holding capacities of soils, moisture requirements of [[plant]]s, aeration, movement of water in soils, movement of [[groundwater]], the drafts of [[plow]]s, and the lifting power of [[windmill]]s; he also began studies of [[fertility (soil)|soil fertility]]. The impact of his career was greatest in the field of [[soil science]]. He has been called the father of [[soil physics]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite book
King served as a professor of agricultural physics at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] from 1888 until 1902. Interested in a wide range of subjects throughout his career, King made major contributions during these years in research and teaching that dealt with applications of [[physics]] to agriculture. Most attention was given to [[soil]] physics, for example, [[water]]-holding capacities of soils, moisture requirements of [[plant]]s, aeration, movement of water in soils, movement of [[groundwater]], the drafts of [[plow]]s, and the lifting power of [[windmill]]s; he also began studies of [[fertility (soil)|soil fertility]]. The impact of his career was greatest in the field of [[soil science]]. He has been called the father of [[soil physics]] in the United States.<ref name="baver" />
|last=Baver |first=L. D.
|year=1948
|title=Soil physics
|edition=2
|publisher=John Wiley & Sons
|location=New York
}}</ref>


King left Wisconsin to become chief of the Division of Soil Management in the [[National Cooperative Soil Survey#History|USDA Bureau of Soils]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] in January 1902. His findings in the next two years, that the concentration of [[nutrient]]s in soil solution was correlated with crop yields, began to undermine beliefs held strongly by the chief of the bureau, [[Milton Whitney]], about the relations of soil [[chemistry]] to plant growth and soil fertility. King was forced to resign but privately published several additional papers from his research during this period.<ref>{{cite journal
King left Wisconsin to become chief of the Division of Soil Management in the [[National Cooperative Soil Survey#History|USDA Bureau of Soils]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] in January 1902. His findings in the next two years, that the concentration of [[nutrient]]s in soil solution was correlated with crop yields, began to undermine beliefs held strongly by the chief of the bureau, [[Milton Whitney]], about the relations of soil [[chemistry]] to plant growth and soil fertility. King was forced to resign but privately published several additional papers from his research during this period.<ref name="tanner" />
|last1=Tanner |first1=C.B.
|last2=Simonson |first2=R.W.
|title=Franklin Hiram King—Pioneer Scientist
|volume=57
|issue=1
|date=January 1993
|pages=286–292
|doi=10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700010049x
|journal=Soil Science Society of America Journal
|url=https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/sssaj/abstracts/57/1/SS0570010286
|bibcode=1993SSASJ..57..286T
}} ([http://soils.wisc.edu/people/history/f-h-king/ Reprinted at University of Wisconsin])</ref>


King returned to Madison, where he devoted the last seven years of his life to summarizing earlier findings and conducting further research in agricultural physics, including the ventilation of [[farm]] buildings. Three of his seven books were written during that period, the best known of which is ''[[Farmers of Forty Centuries (book)|Farmers of Forty Centuries, or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea, and Japan]]'', which recounted his investigations into what would now be called [[organic farming]] or [[sustainable agriculture]] during a nine-month tour of [[Asia]] in 1909.<ref name=KingForty /> The last chapter was completed after his death, in 1911, by [[Carrie Baker King]], his wife, who then published the book that same year. It has been described by [[Walter James, 4th Baron Northbourne|Lord Northbourne]]—the founder of organic agriculture—as a "classic" which "no student of farming or social science can afford to ignore".<ref>Northbourne, L., 1940, ''Look to the land'', J. M. Dent, London, p. 17, p. 55, ''apud'' Paull, John, [http://orgprints.org/10237/1/10237.pdf "Permanent Agriculture: Precursor to Organic Farming"], ''Elementals: Journal of Bio-Dynamics Tasmania'', no.83, pp.&nbsp;19–21, 2006.</ref>
King returned to Madison, where he devoted the last seven years of his life to summarizing earlier findings and conducting further research in agricultural physics, including the ventilation of [[farm]] buildings. Three of his seven books were written during that period, the best known of which is ''[[Farmers of Forty Centuries (book)|Farmers of Forty Centuries, or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea, and Japan]]'', which recounted his investigations into what would now be called [[organic farming]] or [[sustainable agriculture]] during a nine-month tour of [[Asia]] in 1909.<ref name=King/> The last chapter was completed after his death, in 1911, by [[Carrie Baker King]], his wife, who then published the book that same year. It has been described by [[Walter James, 4th Baron Northbourne|Lord Northbourne]]—the founder of organic agriculture—as a "classic" which "no student of farming or social science can afford to ignore".<ref name="northbourne" /><ref name=King/>


He is most popularly known for designing the [[storage silo|cylindrical storage silo]], which reduces the occurrence of spoilage in the [[silage]].<ref name="King1891" /><ref name="King1900" /> Some{{who|date=January 2012}} have speculated that [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]'s design of the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum|Guggenheim Museum]] was influenced by King's designs. King is commemorated at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] by King Hall, so renamed in 1934, which is the same Agricultural Physics Hall in which he worked during his tenure there and which now houses part of the Department of Soil Science (formed by the 1904 reorganization of King's original department into the 'Soils Department' and the 'Agricultural Engineering Department'), and by the F. H. King Students for Sustainable Agriculture, a student organization that grows various crops that are given away to community residents to raise awareness of sustainable farming and gardening.
He is most popularly known for designing the [[storage silo|cylindrical storage silo]], which reduces the occurrence of spoilage in the [[silage]].<ref name=King1891>{{cite journal
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=The Construction of Silos
|journal=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|issue=28
|page=15
|year=1891
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=VD4nAQAAMAAJ
}}</ref><ref name=King1900>{{cite journal
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Silage, and the construction of modern silos
|journal=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|issue=83
|year=1900
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
}} The author explains that the crux issue is to eliminate access of air to the silage: the cylindrical container, because it is more resistant to spreading than a rectangular, accomplishes this despite the very large pressures experienced while loading.</ref> Some{{who|date=January 2012}} have speculated that [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]'s design of the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum|Guggenheim Museum]] was influenced by King's designs. King is commemorated at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] by King Hall, so renamed in 1934, which is the same Agricultural Physics Hall in which he worked during his tenure there and which now houses part of the Department of Soil Science (formed by the 1904 reorganization of King's original department into the 'Soils Department' and the 'Agricultural Engineering Department'), and by the F. H. King Students for Sustainable Agriculture, a student organization that grows various crops that are given away to community residents to raise awareness of sustainable farming and gardening.


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
===In the Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)===
===In the Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)===
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Comparative value of warm and cold water for milch cows in winter
|title=Comparative value of warm and cold water for milch cows in winter
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|volume=21
|volume=21
|year=1889
|year=1889
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|location=Madison, Wis.
|location=Madison, Wis.
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tjA3AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA20-PA5
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tjA3AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA20-PA5
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=The construction of silos
|title=The construction of silos
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|volume=28
|volume=28
|year=1891
|year=1891
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|location=Madison, Wis.
|location=Madison, Wis.
|url=https://books.google.com/?id=oNJRNT26mMEC&
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oNJRNT26mMEC
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Destructive effects of winds on sandy soils and light sandy loams: with methods of protection
|title=Destructive effects of winds on sandy soils and light sandy loams: with methods of protection
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|volume=42
|volume=42
|year=1894
|year=1894
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|location=Madison, Wis.
|location=Madison, Wis.
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hL_jnAAACAAJ
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hL_jnAAACAAJ
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last1=King |first1=Franklin Hiram
|last1=King |first1=Franklin Hiram
|title=The agricultural possibilities of Douglas county and northwest Wisconsin
|title=The agricultural possibilities of Douglas county and northwest Wisconsin
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|volume=43
|volume=43
|pages=7–26
|pages=7–26
|year=1895
|year=1895
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|location=Madison, Wis.
|location=Madison, Wis.
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfdFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA7#v=onepage&q&f=false
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfdFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA7
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=One years work done by 16-foot geared wind mill
|title=One years work done by 16-foot geared wind mill
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|volume=68
|volume=68
|year=1898
|year=1898
|pages=3–44
|pages=3–44
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|location=Madison, Wis.
|location=Madison, Wis.
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nj8nAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nj8nAQAAMAAJ
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title= Construction of cheese curing rooms for maintaining temperatures of 58° to 68° F.
|title= Construction of cheese curing rooms for maintaining temperatures of 58° to 68°F.
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|volume=70
|volume=70
|year=1899
|year=1899
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|location=Madison, Wis.
|location=Madison, Wis.
|url=https://archive.org/download/constructionofch7089king/constructionofch7089king.pdf
|url=https://archive.org/download/constructionofch7089king/constructionofch7089king.pdf
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Principles of construction and maintenance of country roads
|title=Principles of construction and maintenance of country roads
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|volume=79
|volume=79
|year=1899
|year=1899
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|location=Madison, Wis.
|location=Madison, Wis.
|oclc=7746053
|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/principles-of-construction-and-maintenance-of-country-roads/oclc/7746053
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=The character and treatment of swamp or humus soil
|title=The character and treatment of swamp or humus soil
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|volume=80
|volume=80
|year=1900
|year=1900
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|location=Madison, Wis.
|location=Madison, Wis.
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nVRAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nVRAQAAMAAJ
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title= Experiments in grinding with small steel feed mills
|title= Experiments in grinding with small steel feed mills
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|volume=82
|volume=82
|year=1900
|year=1900
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|location=Madison, Wis.
|location=Madison, Wis.
|url=
|url=
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Silage, and the construction of modern silos
|title=Silage, and the construction of modern silos
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|volume=83
|volume=83
|year=1900
|year=1900
|pages=6–68
|pages=6–68
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|location=Madison, Wis.
|location=Madison, Wis.
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nVRAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA6
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nVRAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA6
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last1=King |first1=Franklin Hiram
|last1=King |first1=Franklin Hiram
|last2=Whitson |first2=A. R.
|last2=Whitson |first2=A. R.
|title=Development and distribution of nitrates and other soluble salts in cultivated soils
|title=Development and distribution of nitrates and other soluble salts in cultivated soils
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|volume=85
|volume=85
|year=1901
|year=1901
|pages=
|pages=
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|location=Madison, Wis.
|location=Madison, Wis.
|oclc=17645437
|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/development-and-distribution-of-nitrates-and-other-soluble-salts-in-cultivated-soils/oclc/17645437
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last1=King |first1=Franklin Hiram
|last1=King |first1=Franklin Hiram
|last2=Whitson |first2=A. R.
|last2=Whitson |first2=A. R.
|title=Development and distribution of nitrates in cultivated soils: second paper
|title=Development and distribution of nitrates in cultivated soils: second paper
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|series=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)
|volume=93
|volume=93
|year=1902
|year=1902
|pages=
|pages=
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|publisher=University of Wisconsin
|location=Madison, Wis.
|location=Madison, Wis.
|oclc=17645814
|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/development-and-distribution-of-nitrates-in-cultivated-soils-second-paper/oclc/17645814
}}
}}


===In government publications===
===In government publications===
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Observations and experiments on the fluctuations in the level and rate of movement of ground-water on the Wisconsin agricultural experiment station farm and at Whitewater, Wisconsin
|title=Observations and experiments on the fluctuations in the level and rate of movement of ground-water on the Wisconsin agricultural experiment station farm and at Whitewater, Wisconsin
|series=Bulletin (United States. Weather Bureau)
|series=Bulletin (United States. Weather Bureau)
|volume=5
|volume=5
|year=1892
|year=1892
|publisher=Weather Bureau
|publisher=Weather Bureau
|location=Washington, D.C.
|location=Washington, D.C.
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VuifAAAAMAAJ
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VuifAAAAMAAJ
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last1=King |first1=Franklin Hiram
|last1=King |first1=Franklin Hiram
|title=Irrigation in humid climates
|title=Irrigation in humid climates
|series=Farmers' bulletin
|series=Farmers' bulletin
|volume=46
|volume=46
|year=1896
|year=1896
|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture
|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture
|location=Washington, D. C.
|location=Washington, D. C.
|url=
|url=
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last1=King |first1=Franklin Hiram
|last1=King |first1=Franklin Hiram
|title=Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water
|title=Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water
|series=Annual Report, United States Geological Survey
|series=Annual Report, United States Geological Survey
|volume=19, part 2
|volume=19, part 2
|year=1897
|year=1897
|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture
|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture
|location=Washington, D. C.
|location=Washington, D. C.
|pages=59–294
|pages=59–294
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VtMoAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VtMoAQAAMAAJ
}} 11 plates.
}} 11 plates.
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last1=King |first1=Franklin Hiram
|last1=King |first1=Franklin Hiram
|title=Irrigation experiments in Wisconsin
|title=Irrigation experiments in Wisconsin
|series=Bulletin
|series=Bulletin
|volume=119
|volume=119
|year=1901
|year=1901
|pages=313–352
|pages=313–352
|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations
|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations
|url=https://archive.org/stream/reportofirrigati119mead#page/312/mode/2up/
|url=https://archive.org/stream/reportofirrigati119mead#page/312/mode/2up/
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last1=King |first1=Franklin Hiram
|last1=King |first1=Franklin Hiram
|title=Differences between four southern and four northern soils, and improvements in soil management which these differences suggest
|title=Differences between four southern and four northern soils, and improvements in soil management which these differences suggest
|series=Bulletin
|series=Bulletin
|volume=142
|volume=142
|year=1904
|year=1904
|pages=104–111
|pages=104–111
|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations
|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations
|url=https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofsev142asso#page/104/mode/2up
|url=https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofsev142asso#page/104/mode/2up
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last1=King |first1=Franklin Hiram
|last1=King |first1=Franklin Hiram
|title=Investigations in soil management. Part I. Amount of plant food readily recoverable from soils with distilled water. Part II. Relation of crop yields to the amounts of water-soluble plant-food materials recovered from soils. Part III. Relation of differences of climatological environment to crop yields
|title=Investigations in soil management. Part I. Amount of plant food readily recoverable from soils with distilled water. Part II. Relation of crop yields to the amounts of water-soluble plant-food materials recovered from soils. Part III. Relation of differences of climatological environment to crop yields
|series=Bureau of Soils Bulletin
|series=Bureau of Soils Bulletin
|volume=26
|volume=26
|year=1905
|year=1905
|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture
|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture
|location=Washington, D. C.
|location=Washington, D. C.
|url=https://archive.org/details/investigationsin26king
|url=https://archive.org/details/investigationsin26king
}} Milton Whitney, Chief of Bureau. 205 pages, 4 plates.
}} Milton Whitney, Chief of Bureau. 205 pages, 4 plates.


===Encyclopedia Articles===
===Encyclopedia Articles===
* {{cite encyclopedia
* {{cite encyclopedia
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Tillage: Its Philosophy and Practice
|title=Tillage: Its Philosophy and Practice
|encyclopedia=Cyclopedia of American Agriculture
|encyclopedia=Cyclopedia of American Agriculture
|volume=11
|volume=11
|chapter=The Treatment of the Soil With Reference to Moisture
|chapter=The Treatment of the Soil With Reference to Moisture
|pages=378–387
|pages=378–387
|year=1907
|year=1907
|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924001144355
|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924001144355
}}
}}
* {{cite encyclopedia
* {{cite encyclopedia
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=The Necessity and Practice of Drainage
|title=The Necessity and Practice of Drainage
|encyclopedia=Cyclopedia of American Agriculture
|encyclopedia=Cyclopedia of American Agriculture
|volume=1
|volume=1
|chapter=The Treatment of the Soil With Reference to Moisture
|chapter=The Treatment of the Soil With Reference to Moisture
|pages=412–419
|pages=412–419
|year=1907
|year=1907
|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924001144355
|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924001144355
}}
}}
* {{cite encyclopedia
* {{cite encyclopedia
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Drainage
|title=Drainage
|volume=4
|volume=4
|pages=182–215
|pages=182–215
|encyclopedia=The Standard Cyclopedia of Modern Agriculture (British)
|encyclopedia=The Standard Cyclopedia of Modern Agriculture (British)
|year=1908
|year=1908
|url=https://ia601605.us.archive.org/3/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.109150/2015.109150.The-Standard-Cyclopedia-Of-Modern-Agriculture-And-Rural-Economy-Vol-4.pdf
|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.109150
}}
}}
* {{cite encyclopedia
* {{cite encyclopedia
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Irrigation
|title=Irrigation
|volume=7
|volume=7
|pages=170–181
|pages=170–181
|encyclopedia=The Standard Cyclopedia of Modern Agriculture (British)
|encyclopedia=The Standard Cyclopedia of Modern Agriculture (British)
|year=1908
|year=1908
|url=https://ia801609.us.archive.org/26/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.83724/2015.83724.The-Standard-Cyclopedia-Of-Modern-Agriculture-And-Rural-Economy-Vol-7.pdf
|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.83724
}}
}}


=== Books ===
=== Books ===
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Weeds in the United States
|title=Weeds in the United States
|year=1889
|year=1889
|publisher=
|publisher=
|oclc=133080989
|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/weeds-in-the-united-states/oclc/133080989
}} Abstract: "This is a collection of weed bulletins from many states at turn of century. F. H. King must have gathered & bound them."
}} Abstract: "This is a collection of weed bulletins from many states at turn of century. F. H. King must have gathered & bound them."
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Elementary lessons in the physics of agriculture
|title=Elementary lessons in the physics of agriculture
|year=1891
|year=1891
|publisher=Published by the author
|publisher=Published by the author
|url=https://ia601405.us.archive.org/0/items/elementarylesson01king/elementarylesson01king.pdf
|url=https://archive.org/details/elementarylesson01king
}} 133 pages, 65 figures.
}} 133 pages, 65 figures.
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=The Soil, its nature, relations, and fundamental principles of management
|title=The Soil, its nature, relations, and fundamental principles of management
|year=1895
|year=1895
|publisher=Macmillan & Co.
|publisher=Macmillan & Co.
|url=https://books.google.com/?id=oNJRNT26mMEC&pg=PA1
|url=https://archive.org/details/soilitsnaturere00kinggoog
|page=[https://archive.org/details/soilitsnaturere00kinggoog/page/n23 1] }}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Irrigation and drainage—principles and practice of their cultural phases
|title=Irrigation and drainage—principles and practice of their cultural phases
|year=1899
|year=1899
|publisher=Macmillan & Co.
|publisher=Macmillan & Co.
|url=https://archive.org/download/irrigationdraina00king/irrigationdraina00king.pdf
|url=https://archive.org/download/irrigationdraina00king/irrigationdraina00king.pdf
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=A Text Book of the Physics of Agriculture
|title=A Text Book of the Physics of Agriculture
|url=https://archive.org/download/atextbookphysic00kinggoog/atextbookphysic00kinggoog.pdf
|url=https://archive.org/download/atextbookphysic00kinggoog/atextbookphysic00kinggoog.pdf
|pages=604
|pages=604
|year=1901
|year=1901
|publisher=Mrs. F. H. King
|publisher=Mrs. F. H. King
|location=Madison, Wis.
|location=Madison, Wis.
}} 176 illustrations.
}} 176 illustrations.
<!-- https://archive.org/download/cu31924001760812/cu31924001760812.pdf -->
<!-- https://archive.org/download/cu31924001760812/cu31924001760812.pdf -->
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Investigations in Soil Management: Being Three of Six Papers on the Influence of Soil Management Upon the Influence of Soil Management Upon the Water-soluble Salts in Soilsand the Yield of Crops
|title=Investigations in Soil Management: Being Three of Six Papers on the Influence of Soil Management Upon the Influence of Soil Management Upon the Water-soluble Salts in Soilsand the Yield of Crops
|year=1904
|publisher=The Author |year=1904
|url=https://archive.org/details/investigationsi00kinggoog
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h6ZBAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Ventilation for Dwellings, Rural Schools, and Stables
|title=Ventilation for Dwellings, Rural Schools, and Stables
|url=https://archive.org/download/ventilationfordw01king/ventilationfordw01king.pdf
|url=https://archive.org/download/ventilationfordw01king/ventilationfordw01king.pdf
|pages=128
|pages=128
|year=1908
|year=1908
|publisher=F. H. King
|publisher=F. H. King
|location=Madison, Wis.
|location=Madison, Wis.
}} 63 illustrations.
}} 63 illustrations.
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Farmers of Forty Centuries, or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea and Japan
|title=Farmers of Forty Centuries, or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea and Japan
|pages=441
|pages=441
|year=1911
|year=1911
|publisher=Mrs. F. H. King
|publisher=Mrs. F. H. King
|location=Madison, Wis.
|location=Madison, Wis.
|url=https://archive.org/download/farmersoffortyce00king_0/farmersoffortyce00king_0.pdf
|url=https://archive.org/download/farmersoffortyce00king_0/farmersoffortyce00king_0.pdf
}} 246 illustrations, introduction by Dr. L. H. Bailey.
}} 246 illustrations, introduction by Dr. L. H. Bailey.
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Soil Management
|title=Soil Management
|pages=311
|pages=311
|year=1914
|year=1914
|editor=Carrie H. Baker King
|editor=Carrie H. Baker King
|publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner
|publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner
|location=
|location=
|url=https://archive.org/download/soilmanagement00kinggoog/soilmanagement00kinggoog.pdf
|url=https://archive.org/download/soilmanagement00kinggoog/soilmanagement00kinggoog.pdf
}}
}}


===Other publications===
===Other publications===
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Investigations in Soil Management: Being Three of Six Papers on the Influence of Soil Management Upon the Influence of Soil Management Upon the Water-soluble Salts in Soils and the Yield of Crops
|title=Investigations in Soil Management: Being Three of Six Papers on the Influence of Soil Management Upon the Influence of Soil Management Upon the Water-soluble Salts in Soils and the Yield of Crops
|pages=
|pages=
|year=1904
|year=1904
|publisher=Published by the author
|publisher=Published by the author
|location=Madison, Wis.
|location=Madison, Wis.
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h6ZBAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h6ZBAAAAIAAJ
}} Bulletins E, F, and D. 168 pages. Includes a reprint from ''Science, N. S.'' Vol. XX, No. 514, pages 605–608, November 4, 1904, by E. W. Hilgard, a review of the above work.
}} Bulletins E, F, and D. 168 pages. Includes a reprint from ''Science, N. S.'' Vol. XX, No. 514, pages 605–608, November 4, 1904, by E. W. Hilgard, a review of the above work.
* {{cite journal
* {{cite journal
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=On the suspension of solids in fluids and the nature of colloids and solutions
|title=On the suspension of solids in fluids and the nature of colloids and solutions
|journal=Transactions, Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters
|journal=Transactions, Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters
|volume=16
|volume=16
|issue=Part 1, No. 3
|issue=Part 1, No. 3
|year=1908
|year=1908
|pages=275–288
|pages=275–288
|location=Madison, Wisconsin
|location=Madison, Wisconsin
|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=article&did=WI.WT190803.FHKing&id=WI.WT190803&isize=M&q1=On%20the%20suspension%20of%20solids%20in%20fluids%20and%20the%20nature%20of%20colloids%20and%20solutions
|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=article&did=WI.WT190803.FHKing&id=WI.WT190803&isize=M&q1=On%20the%20suspension%20of%20solids%20in%20fluids%20and%20the%20nature%20of%20colloids%20and%20solutions
|access-date=2017-12-02
|access-date=2017-12-02
}}
}}
* {{cite journal
* {{cite journal
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=The wonderful canals of China
|title=The wonderful canals of China
|journal=National Geographic
|journal=National Geographic
|volume=23
|year=1912
|issue=10
|volume=23
|date=October 1912
|issue=10
|pages=931–958
|date=October 1912
|location=Washington, D. C.
|pages=931–958
|url=https://archive.org/stream/nationalgeograph23julnati#page/n273/mode/2up
|location=Washington, D. C.
|url=https://archive.org/stream/nationalgeograph23julnati#page/n273/mode/2up
}} Largely an excerpt from ''Farmers of Forty Centuries''.
}} Largely an excerpt from ''Farmers of Forty Centuries''.


===Unpublished===
===Unpublished===
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|last=King |first=Franklin Hiram
|title=Observations on crop and soil management methods and practices in China, Manchuria, Korea and Japan: made between Feb. 19 and July 21, 1901
|title=Observations on crop and soil management methods and practices in China, Manchuria, Korea and Japan: made between Feb. 19 and July 21, 1901
|year=1901
|year=1901
}} Illustrations are mounted photos. Includes indexes. Typed from notes taken in the field for the author's book, ''Farmers of forty centuries.'' Typescript note from author's wife mounted in both vols. Univ. California, Davis copy has spine title: Observations on China, Korea and Japan; title at head of note in v. 2: Observations in China, Korea and Japan. 2 volumes (591 leaves) : illustrations
}} Illustrations are mounted photos. Includes indexes. Typed from notes taken in the field for the author's book, ''Farmers of forty centuries.'' Typescript note from author's wife mounted in both vols. Univ. California, Davis copy has spine title: Observations on China, Korea and Japan; title at head of note in v. 2: Observations in China, Korea and Japan. 2 volumes (591 leaves) : illustrations


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
{{Reflist}}
<ref name="baver">{{cite book |last=Baver |first=L. D. |year=1948 |title=Soil physics |edition=2 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |location=New York}}</ref>
<ref name="King1891">{{cite journal |last=King |first=Franklin Hiram |title=The Construction of Silos |journal=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station) |issue=28 |page=15 |year=1891 |publisher=University of Wisconsin |url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=VD4nAQAAMAAJ}}</ref>
<ref name="King1900">{{cite journal |last=King |first=Franklin Hiram |title=Silage, and the construction of modern silos |journal=Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station) |issue=83 |year=1900 |publisher=University of Wisconsin}} The author explains that the crux issue is to eliminate access of air to the silage: the cylindrical container, because it is more resistant to spreading than a rectangular, accomplishes this despite the very large pressures experienced while loading.</ref>
<ref name="northbourne">Northbourne, L., 1940, ''Look to the land'', J. M. Dent, London, p. 17, p. 55, ''apud'' Paull, John, [http://orgprints.org/10237/1/10237.pdf "Permanent Agriculture: Precursor to Organic Farming"], ''Elementals: Journal of Bio-Dynamics Tasmania'', no.83, pp.&nbsp;19–21, 2006.</ref>
<ref name="tanner">{{cite journal |last1=Tanner |first1=C.B. |last2=Simonson |first2=R.W. |title=Franklin Hiram King—Pioneer Scientist |volume=57 |issue=1 |date=January 1993 |pages=286–292 |doi=10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700010049x |journal=Soil Science Society of America Journal |url=https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/sssaj/abstracts/57/1/SS0570010286 |bibcode=1993SSASJ..57..286T}} ([http://soils.wisc.edu/people/history/f-h-king/ Reprinted at University of Wisconsin])</ref>
<ref name="taylor">{{cite journal |last1=Taylor |first1=Mrs. H. J. |title=Franklin Hiram King |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=66–69 |date=June 1933 |journal=The Wilson Bulletin |url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/wilson/v045n02/p0066-p0069.pdf |access-date=2017-12-02}} Author: [[Rose Schuster Taylor]], as Mrs. H. J. Taylor.</ref>
}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{Gutenberg author |id=King,+F.+H.+(Franklin+Hiram) | name=Franklin Hiram King}}
{{Wikisource author|Franklin Hiram King}}
* {{Gutenberg author |id=1782| name=Franklin Hiram King}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Franklin Hiram King}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Franklin Hiram King}}
* [https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=se%3A%22Bulletin+%28University+of+Wisconsin.+Agricultural+Experiment+Station%29%22&fq=ap%3A%22king%2C+f+h%22&se=yr&sd=asc&dblist=638&qt=first_page Publications in the Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)]
* [https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=se%3A%22Bulletin+%28University+of+Wisconsin.+Agricultural+Experiment+Station%29%22&fq=ap%3A%22king%2C+f+h%22&se=yr&sd=asc&dblist=638&qt=first_page Publications in the Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051219111537/http://www.library.wisc.edu/guides/EastAsia/fhking.html F. H. King documents from East Asia at Univ of Wisconsin–Madison]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051219111537/http://www.library.wisc.edu/guides/EastAsia/fhking.html F. H. King documents from East Asia at Univ of Wisconsin–Madison]
* [https://www2.fpm.wisc.edu/ppnew/featurebldg/pdf/kinghall.pdf King Hall, Univ of Wisconsin–Madison]
* [https://www2.fpm.wisc.edu/ppnew/featurebldg/pdf/kinghall.pdf King Hall, Univ of Wisconsin–Madison] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610172114/http://www2.fpm.wisc.edu/ppnew/featurebldg/pdf/kinghall.pdf |date=June 10, 2010 }}
* [http://www.fhkingstudentfarm.com/ F. H. King Students for Sustainable Agriculture group at Univ of Wisconsin–Madison]
* [http://www.fhking.org/ F. H. King Students for Sustainable Agriculture group at Univ of Wisconsin–Madison]


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:King, Franklin Hiram}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:King, Franklin Hiram}}
[[Category:Soil scientists]]
[[Category:American agronomists]]
[[Category:Self-published authors]]
[[Category:1848 births]]
[[Category:1848 births]]
[[Category:1911 deaths]]
[[Category:1911 deaths]]
[[Category:American agronomists]]
[[Category:American soil scientists]]
[[Category:Cornell University alumni]]
[[Category:Cornell University alumni]]
[[Category:Organic farmers]]

Latest revision as of 05:46, 1 May 2024

Franklin Hiram King
Franklin Hiram King, from the frontispiece of Farmers of Forty Centuries (1911).
Born(1848-06-08)June 8, 1848
La Grange, near Whitewater, Wisconsin, United States
DiedAugust 4, 1911(1911-08-04) (aged 63)
United States
NationalityAmerican
Alma materWhitewater State Normal School
Known for
Spouse
​
(m. 1880)​
Children
  • Anna
  • Max
  • Clarence
  • Hugh
  • Ralph
  • Howard
AwardsDoctor of Science, University of Wisconsin (1910)
Scientific career
Fieldsagricultural scientist
Institutions

Franklin Hiram King (8 June 1848 – 4 August 1911) was an American agricultural scientist who was born on a farm near Whitewater, Wisconsin, attended country schools, and received his professional training first at Whitewater State Normal School, graduating in 1872, and then at Cornell University.[1] King is now best remembered for his first-hand account of traditional agricultural practices in Asia, now regarded as an organic farming classic text.[2]

King served as a professor of agricultural physics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1888 until 1902. Interested in a wide range of subjects throughout his career, King made major contributions during these years in research and teaching that dealt with applications of physics to agriculture. Most attention was given to soil physics, for example, water-holding capacities of soils, moisture requirements of plants, aeration, movement of water in soils, movement of groundwater, the drafts of plows, and the lifting power of windmills; he also began studies of soil fertility. The impact of his career was greatest in the field of soil science. He has been called the father of soil physics in the United States.[3]

King left Wisconsin to become chief of the Division of Soil Management in the USDA Bureau of Soils in Washington, D.C. in January 1902. His findings in the next two years, that the concentration of nutrients in soil solution was correlated with crop yields, began to undermine beliefs held strongly by the chief of the bureau, Milton Whitney, about the relations of soil chemistry to plant growth and soil fertility. King was forced to resign but privately published several additional papers from his research during this period.[4]

King returned to Madison, where he devoted the last seven years of his life to summarizing earlier findings and conducting further research in agricultural physics, including the ventilation of farm buildings. Three of his seven books were written during that period, the best known of which is Farmers of Forty Centuries, or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea, and Japan, which recounted his investigations into what would now be called organic farming or sustainable agriculture during a nine-month tour of Asia in 1909.[2] The last chapter was completed after his death, in 1911, by Carrie Baker King, his wife, who then published the book that same year. It has been described by Lord Northbourne—the founder of organic agriculture—as a "classic" which "no student of farming or social science can afford to ignore".[5][2]

He is most popularly known for designing the cylindrical storage silo, which reduces the occurrence of spoilage in the silage.[6][7] Some[who?] have speculated that Frank Lloyd Wright's design of the Guggenheim Museum was influenced by King's designs. King is commemorated at the University of Wisconsin–Madison by King Hall, so renamed in 1934, which is the same Agricultural Physics Hall in which he worked during his tenure there and which now houses part of the Department of Soil Science (formed by the 1904 reorganization of King's original department into the 'Soils Department' and the 'Agricultural Engineering Department'), and by the F. H. King Students for Sustainable Agriculture, a student organization that grows various crops that are given away to community residents to raise awareness of sustainable farming and gardening.

Bibliography[edit]

In the Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station)[edit]

  • King, Franklin Hiram (1889). Comparative value of warm and cold water for milch cows in winter. Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station). Vol. 21. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin.
  • King, Franklin Hiram (1891). The construction of silos. Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station). Vol. 28. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin.
  • King, Franklin Hiram (1894). Destructive effects of winds on sandy soils and light sandy loams: with methods of protection. Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station). Vol. 42. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin.
  • King, Franklin Hiram (1895). The agricultural possibilities of Douglas county and northwest Wisconsin. Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station). Vol. 43. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin. pp. 7–26.
  • King, Franklin Hiram (1898). One years work done by 16-foot geared wind mill. Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station). Vol. 68. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin. pp. 3–44.
  • King, Franklin Hiram (1899). Construction of cheese curing rooms for maintaining temperatures of 58° to 68°F (PDF). Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station). Vol. 70. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin.
  • King, Franklin Hiram (1899). Principles of construction and maintenance of country roads. Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station). Vol. 79. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin. OCLC 7746053.
  • King, Franklin Hiram (1900). The character and treatment of swamp or humus soil. Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station). Vol. 80. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin.
  • King, Franklin Hiram (1900). Experiments in grinding with small steel feed mills. Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station). Vol. 82. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin.
  • King, Franklin Hiram (1900). Silage, and the construction of modern silos. Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station). Vol. 83. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin. pp. 6–68.
  • King, Franklin Hiram; Whitson, A. R. (1901). Development and distribution of nitrates and other soluble salts in cultivated soils. Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station). Vol. 85. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin. OCLC 17645437.
  • King, Franklin Hiram; Whitson, A. R. (1902). Development and distribution of nitrates in cultivated soils: second paper. Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station). Vol. 93. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin. OCLC 17645814.

In government publications[edit]

Encyclopedia Articles[edit]

  • King, Franklin Hiram (1907). "The Treatment of the Soil With Reference to Moisture". Tillage: Its Philosophy and Practice. Cyclopedia of American Agriculture. Vol. 11. pp. 378–387.
  • King, Franklin Hiram (1907). "The Treatment of the Soil With Reference to Moisture". The Necessity and Practice of Drainage. Cyclopedia of American Agriculture. Vol. 1. pp. 412–419.
  • King, Franklin Hiram (1908). "Drainage". The Standard Cyclopedia of Modern Agriculture (British). Vol. 4. pp. 182–215.
  • King, Franklin Hiram (1908). "Irrigation". The Standard Cyclopedia of Modern Agriculture (British). Vol. 7. pp. 170–181.

Books[edit]

Other publications[edit]

Unpublished[edit]

  • King, Franklin Hiram (1901). Observations on crop and soil management methods and practices in China, Manchuria, Korea and Japan: made between Feb. 19 and July 21, 1901. Illustrations are mounted photos. Includes indexes. Typed from notes taken in the field for the author's book, Farmers of forty centuries. Typescript note from author's wife mounted in both vols. Univ. California, Davis copy has spine title: Observations on China, Korea and Japan; title at head of note in v. 2: Observations in China, Korea and Japan. 2 volumes (591 leaves) : illustrations

References[edit]

  1. ^ Taylor, Mrs. H. J. (June 1933). "Franklin Hiram King" (PDF). The Wilson Bulletin. 57 (1): 66–69. Retrieved December 2, 2017. Author: Rose Schuster Taylor, as Mrs. H. J. Taylor.
  2. ^ a b c Paull , John (2011) The making of an agricultural classic: Farmers of Forty Centuries or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea and Japan, 1911-2011, Agricultural Sciences, 2 (3), pp. 175-180.
  3. ^ Baver, L. D. (1948). Soil physics (2 ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  4. ^ Tanner, C.B.; Simonson, R.W. (January 1993). "Franklin Hiram King—Pioneer Scientist". Soil Science Society of America Journal. 57 (1): 286–292. Bibcode:1993SSASJ..57..286T. doi:10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700010049x. (Reprinted at University of Wisconsin)
  5. ^ Northbourne, L., 1940, Look to the land, J. M. Dent, London, p. 17, p. 55, apud Paull, John, "Permanent Agriculture: Precursor to Organic Farming", Elementals: Journal of Bio-Dynamics Tasmania, no.83, pp. 19–21, 2006.
  6. ^ King, Franklin Hiram (1891). "The Construction of Silos". Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station) (28). University of Wisconsin: 15.
  7. ^ King, Franklin Hiram (1900). "Silage, and the construction of modern silos". Bulletin (University of Wisconsin. Agricultural Experiment Station) (83). University of Wisconsin. The author explains that the crux issue is to eliminate access of air to the silage: the cylindrical container, because it is more resistant to spreading than a rectangular, accomplishes this despite the very large pressures experienced while loading.

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