Iris xanthospuria

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Iris xanthospuria
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Limniris
Section: Iris sect. Limniris
Series: Iris ser. Spuriae
Species:
I. xanthospuria
Binomial name
Iris xanthospuria
Synonyms[1]
  • Chamaeiris xanthospuria (B.Mathew & T.Baytop) M.B.Crespo
  • Xyridion xanthospurium (B.Mathew & T.Baytop) Rodion.

Iris xanthospuria is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Turkey with yellow flowers. It was originally known as 'Turkey yellow'. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Description[edit]

It is different in form to Iris pseudacorus, another yellow flowering iris found in Turkey.[2]

It has a thick rhizome, covered with the fibrous remains of the bases of the previous seasons leaves.[3]

It has grey-green, tough and erect leaves.[3][4] They can grow up to between 30–80 cm (12–31 in) long,[2] and 1–2 cm wide.[3][4][5] The leaves are generally equal or shorter than the stems,[4] and also evergreen.[2][6]

It has stems with between 1 – 2 compact, erect branches,[3] that can grow up to between 30–100 cm (12–39 in) long.[7][8][9]

The stems have 2–5,[4] green spathes, (leaves of the flower bud), that are 6–12 cm long, with membranous margins.[3][4] The stems or peduncle hold 2–5,[4] terminal (top of stem) flowers, between spring and summer,[10] in April–May.[3][5]

The flowers are smaller than Iris crocea, 9–11 cm (4–4 in) in diameter,[5] that come in shades of yellow,[8][9] deep yellow flowers,[4][7][10] golden yellow,[3] lemon-yellow,[11] and vivid yellow.[12] deep, rich yellow flowers.[10]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'.[2][13] The falls are 5.5–7.5 cm (2–3 in) long and have orbicular blade, broadly elliptical or ovate, 2.5–3 cm long and 0.7–1.2 (−1.5) cm wide.[2][3][4] They sometimes have a darker yellow patch on the blade of the falls.[11] They also have an un-winged claw (section closest to the stem).[3][4] The upright standards are oblanceolate and 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long and 1.3–2.4 cm wide.[2][3][4] They are also paler in colour.[11]

It has 2–4 cm long pedicels, 1.5–2 cm long ovary, that has a beak-like point and a small, 0.7–1 cm long perianth tube.[3]

It has 4–4.5 cm long and 0.7–1.2 cm wide style branches, that are sharply recurved, and have broadly triangular lobes that are 4–5 mm long.[3] They are also paler in colour, similar to the standards.[11]

After the iris has flowered, it produces an oblong, seed capsule, that is 4–5 cm long, with a tapering beak, up to 3 cm long.[3]

Biochemistry[edit]

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[13] It has a chromosome count: 2n=40.[4][7][8]

Taxonomy[edit]

In Russia it is known as 'Ksanthospuria Iris'.[14]

In Czech, it is known as 'Žlutěpochybný iris'.[15]

In Turkish, it is known as 'Altin susen',[2][16] (meaning 'Gold Iris').[6]

It has the common name of 'Turkey yellow'.[4][7][8]

The Latin specific epithet xanthospuria refers to a combination of 'xanthos' meaning yellow,[17] and 'spuria' from Iris spuria.

In 1948, Dr. Lee W. Lenz was given some seeds from Professor Haydar Bagda of Ankara University. He grew these into a plant, which he called "Turkey Yellow".[3]

It was first published and described as Iris xanthospuria by Brian Mathew and Turhan Baytop in 'The Garden' (published in London) Vol.107 Issue11, page446 in 1982.[18][19]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 3 December 2004.[19]

Iris xanthospuria is an accepted name by the RHS.[20]

Distribution and habitat[edit]

It is native to western Asia.[19]

Range[edit]

It was first grown from seed, collected near Ankara, Turkey in 1948, other specimens have been found in Muğla and Antakya.[4][5][12]

It is found in Turkey,[10][18][19](including along the edges of Koycegiz Lake,[2] in Hatay,[5]) and Syria.[19]

Habitat[edit]

Iris xanthospuria grows in marshy meadows,[3][5][7] in swampy areas,[2] and beside stream sides.[3][5][7] Some habitats are known to dry out in summer.[5]

It has also been found within Eucalyptus plantations.[5]

It grows at altitudes of between 40-1000m above sea level.[3][7][21]

Conservation[edit]

It is listed as rare and threatened.[9][10]

Some plants have been found in Marmaris National Park and the Gokova and Datça-Bozburun Special Protection Areas. With other rare endemic plants such as; Allium sandrasic, Arenaria lusche, Centaurea cariensis, Eryngium thorifoli, Ferulago mughlai, Gypsophila confertiflor, Isatis pinnatilob, Sedum carica, Senecio sandrasicus, Sideritis leptocla, Sideritis albiflora, Silene tunicoides and Thymus cariensis.[22]

Cultivation[edit]

It is hardy to −15 °C.[5]

It prefers to grow in good heavy garden soil,[5] it is tolerant of most soils, as long as there is plenty of moisture during the growing season.[2][6]

It prefers positions in full sun.[2][5][6][9]

Propagation[edit]

It can also be propagated by division (splitting the rhizomes of established plants) or by seed growing.[2]

Hybrids and cultivars[edit]

It is used in hybridization, due to the yellow colour of the flowers.[4]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Iris xanthospuria B.Mathew & T.Baytop is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Plant of the Month – Iris xanthospuria". fethiyetimes.com. 10 May 2009. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Pries, Bob (19 January 2015). "(SPEC) Iris xanthospuria Mathew & Baytop". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n British Iris Society. Species Group (Editors) Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation&pg=PA187 pL6uPLo7l2gC, p. 187, at Google Books
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Phillips, Roger; Rix, Martyn (1991). Perennials Vol. 1. Pan Books Ltd. p. 188. ISBN 9780330327749.
  6. ^ a b c d "Gold iris (Iris xanthospuri A)". palmiyemerkezi.com. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Walker, Ken (12 May 2007). "Iris xanthospuria". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  8. ^ a b c d "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  9. ^ a b c d "Chapter II iris clump and other (part3)". Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  10. ^ a b c d e "Iris xanthospuria". hillviewrareplants.com.au. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  11. ^ a b c d Stebbings, Geoff (1997). The Gardener's Guide to Growing Irises. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. p. 61. ISBN 0715305395.
  12. ^ a b Rina Kamenetsky and Hiroshi Okubo (editors) Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production&pg=PA515 K0LNBQAAQBAJ, p. 515, at Google Books
  13. ^ a b Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0881927306. OL 8176432M.}
  14. ^ "8. Prospects of Hybridization Siberian and Spur Iris". rfc-online.ru. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  15. ^ "Bezkartáčkaté irises". zahradaweb.cz. 5 March 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  16. ^ "Iris xanthospuria (Sarı süsen) (ENDEMİK)". agaclar.net. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  17. ^ Smith, A.W.; Stearn, William T. (1972). A Gardener's Dictionary of Plant Names (Revised ed.). Cassell and Company (published 1963). p. 333. ISBN 0304937215.
  18. ^ a b "Iridaceae Iris xanthospuria B.Mathew & T.Baytop". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  19. ^ a b c d e "Iris xanthospuria". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  20. ^ "Search the RHS Horticultural Database". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  21. ^ "June". gocekevents.co.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  22. ^ "Plant Diversity". marmaris.bel.tr. Retrieved 27 February 2015.

Sources[edit]

  • Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  • Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 119.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iris_xanthospuria&oldid=1126493075"