Lactuca biennis: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of lettuce}}
{{taxobox
{{Speciesbox
|image = Lactucabiennis.jpg
| status = {{TNCStatus}}
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
| status_system = TNC
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| name = Tall blue lettuce
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
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| genus = Lactuca
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
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| species = biennis
|ordo = [[Asterales]]
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| authority = ([[Conrad Moench|Moench]]) [[Merritt Lyndon Fernald|Fernald]] 1940
|familia = [[Asteraceae]]
| synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-132331 The Plant List, ''Lactuca biennis'' (Moench) Fernald ]</ref>
|tribus = [[Cichorieae]]
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true
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|genus = ''[[Lactuca]]''
|title=<small>Synonymy</small>
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|species = '''''L. biennis'''''
|binomial = ''Lactuca biennis''
|''Sonchus biennis'' <small>Moench 1794</small>
|''Agathyrsus floridanus'' <small>D.Don</small>
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|binomial_authority = ([[Conrad Moench|Moench]]) [[Merritt Lyndon Fernald|Fernald]]
|''Agathyrsus leucophaeus'' <small>Beck</small>
|synonyms = ''Lactuca spicata''
|''Cicerbita leucophaea'' <small>Wallr.</small>
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|}}
|''Cicerbita spicata'' <small>(Lam.) Beauverd</small>
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'''''Lactuca biennis''''' is a species of [[Lactuca|wild lettuce]] known by the common names '''tall blue lettuce''' and '''blue wood lettuce'''. It is native to the eastern half of the United States and Canada, but it can also be found in much of the western half as an [[introduced species]]. This is a biennial herb in the [[Asteraceae|daisy family]] growing from a [[taproot]] to heights anywhere from one half to four meters. There are deeply lobed, toothed leaves all along the stem. The top of the stem bears a multibranched [[inflorescence]] with many [[Head (botany)|flower heads]]. Each head is just over a centimeter wide and has many whitish to light blue ray florets. The fruit is a mottled [[achene]] about half a centimeter long with a brownish [[Pappus (flower structure)|pappus]].
|''Galathenium multiflorum'' <small>(DC.) Nutt.</small>
|''Lactuca leucophaea'' <small>A.Gray</small>
|''Lactuca spicata'' <small>(Lam.) Kuntze</small>
|''Lactuca spicata'' <small>Hitchc.</small>
|''Lactuca terrae-novae'' <small>Fernald</small>
|''Mulgedium leucophaeum'' <small>DC.</small>
|''Mulgedium spicatum'' <small>(Lam.) Small</small>
|''Sonchus leucophaeus'' <small>Willd.</small>
|''Sonchus spicatus'' <small>Lam.</small>
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}}}}


'''''Lactuca biennis''''' is a North American species of [[Lactuca|wild lettuce]] known by the common names '''tall blue lettuce''' and '''blue wood lettuce'''. It is widespread across much of the United States and Canada from [[Alaska]] and [[Yukon]] south as far as [[California]], [[New Mexico]], and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]].<ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/State/Lactuca%20biennis.png Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map]</ref>
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The species was described botanically in 1940.<ref name=ipni>{{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=227896-1&back_page=%2Fipni%2FeditSimplePlantNameSearch.do%3Ffind_wholeName%3DLactuca%2Bbiennis%26output_format%3Dnormal |title=Plant Name Details for '''' |publisher=[[International Plant Names Index|IPNI]] |accessdate=November 2, 2009}}</ref>


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''Lactuca biennis'' is a biennial herb in the [[Cichorieae|dandelion tribe]] within the [[Asteraceae|daisy family]] growing from a [[taproot]] to heights anywhere from one half to four meters (20 inches to over 13 feet). There are deeply lobed, toothed leaves all along the stem. The top of the stem bears a multibranched [[inflorescence]] with many [[Head (botany)|flower heads]]. Each head is just over a centimeter (0.4 inches) wide and has many whitish to light blue ray florets but no disc florets. The fruit is a mottled [[achene]] about half a centimeter (0.2 inches) long with a brownish [[Pappus (flower structure)|pappus]].
== Sources ==

{{reflist}}
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''Lactuca biennis'' was described botanically in 1794, with the name ''Sonchus biennis'', then transferred to ''Lactuca'' in 1940.<ref name=ipni>{{ cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=227896-1&back_page=%2Fipni%2FeditSimplePlantNameSearch.do%3Ffind_wholeName%3DLactuca%2Bbiennis%26output_format%3Dnormal |title=Plant Name Details for '''' |publisher=[[International Plant Names Index|IPNI]] |accessdate=November 2, 2009}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?609,1466,1467 Jepson Manual Treatment]
*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?609,1466,1467 Jepson Manual Treatment, University of California]
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*[http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Lactuca+biennis Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California]
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LABI USDA Plants Profile]
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*[http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Lactuca+biennis Photo gallery]


{{Taxonbar|from=Q4117349}}
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[[Category:Lactuca]]
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[[Category:Flora of Michigan]]
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[[Category:Plants described in 1940]]


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[[Category:Lactuca|biennis]]
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[[Category:Flora of Northern America]]
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[[Category:Plants described in 1794]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Conrad Moench]]


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{{Cichorieae-stub}}


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{{Cichorieae-stub}}
[[az:Lactuca biennis]]

Latest revision as of 03:32, 16 April 2024

Tall blue lettuce

Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Lactuca
Species:
L. biennis
Binomial name
Lactuca biennis
Synonyms[1]
Synonymy
  • Sonchus biennis Moench 1794
  • Agathyrsus floridanus D.Don
  • Agathyrsus leucophaeus Beck
  • Cicerbita leucophaea Wallr.
  • Cicerbita spicata (Lam.) Beauverd
  • Galathenium multiflorum (DC.) Nutt.
  • Lactuca leucophaea A.Gray
  • Lactuca spicata (Lam.) Kuntze
  • Lactuca spicata Hitchc.
  • Lactuca terrae-novae Fernald
  • Mulgedium leucophaeum DC.
  • Mulgedium spicatum (Lam.) Small
  • Sonchus leucophaeus Willd.
  • Sonchus spicatus Lam.

Lactuca biennis is a North American species of wild lettuce known by the common names tall blue lettuce and blue wood lettuce. It is widespread across much of the United States and Canada from Alaska and Yukon south as far as California, New Mexico, and Georgia.[2]

Lactuca biennis is a biennial herb in the dandelion tribe within the daisy family growing from a taproot to heights anywhere from one half to four meters (20 inches to over 13 feet). There are deeply lobed, toothed leaves all along the stem. The top of the stem bears a multibranched inflorescence with many flower heads. Each head is just over a centimeter (0.4 inches) wide and has many whitish to light blue ray florets but no disc florets. The fruit is a mottled achene about half a centimeter (0.2 inches) long with a brownish pappus.

Lactuca biennis was described botanically in 1794, with the name Sonchus biennis, then transferred to Lactuca in 1940.[3]

References[edit]

  1. ^ The Plant List, Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fernald
  2. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
  3. ^ "Plant Name Details for '". IPNI. Retrieved November 2, 2009.

External links[edit]


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