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''L. monopetalum'' is a small evergreen shrub,<ref name=Root>{{cite journal |last1=Akoumianaki-Ioannidou |first1=Anastasia |last2=Martini |first2=A.N. |last3=Papafotiou |first3=M. |date=January 2016 |title=Rooting and establishment of ''Limoniastrum monopetalum'' (L.) Boiss stem-tip cuttings |journal=African Journal of Plant Science |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=23-31}}</ref><ref name=Slama>{{cite journal |last1=Slama |first1=Houda Ben |last2=Triki |first2=Mohamed Ali |last3=Bouket |first3=Ali Chenari |last4=Mefteh |first4=Fedia Ben |last5=Alenezi |first5=Faizah N. |last6=Luptakova |first6=Lenka |last7=Cherif-Silini |first7=Hafsa |last8=Vallat |first8=Armelle |last9=Oszako |first9=Tomasz |last10=Gharsallah |first10=Neji |last11=Belbahri |first11=Lassaad |date=2019 |title=Screening of the High-Rhizosphere Competent ''Limoniastrum monopetalum'' Culturable Endophyte Microbiota Allows the Recovery of Multifaceted and Versatile Biocontrol Agents |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/8/249 |journal=Microorganisms |volume=7 |issue=8 |page=249 |doi=10.3390/microorganisms7080249 |access-date=28 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="Daves">{{cite web |title=PlantFiles: Limoniastrum |url=https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/189332/ |website=Dave's Garden |access-date=28 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref> that has long thread-like and tufted fine roots, with ephemeral roots that are produced in a wet season and then vanish afterwards. The wide spread of the roots helps the plant withstand the high salinity conditions and they can also travel down to at least 50&nbsp;cm to reach the [[water table]].<ref name=Helmut>Helmut Lieth and A.A. Al Masoom (editors) {{google books|B_X9CAAAQBAJ|Towards the rational use of high salinity tolerant plants: Vol 1. Deliberations about High Salinity Tolerant Plants and Ecosystems (1990)|page=398}}</ref>
''L. monopetalum'' is a small evergreen shrub,<ref name=Root>{{cite journal |last1=Akoumianaki-Ioannidou |first1=Anastasia |last2=Martini |first2=A.N. |last3=Papafotiou |first3=M. |date=January 2016 |title=Rooting and establishment of ''Limoniastrum monopetalum'' (L.) Boiss stem-tip cuttings |journal=African Journal of Plant Science |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=23-31}}</ref><ref name=Slama>{{cite journal |last1=Slama |first1=Houda Ben |last2=Triki |first2=Mohamed Ali |last3=Bouket |first3=Ali Chenari |last4=Mefteh |first4=Fedia Ben |last5=Alenezi |first5=Faizah N. |last6=Luptakova |first6=Lenka |last7=Cherif-Silini |first7=Hafsa |last8=Vallat |first8=Armelle |last9=Oszako |first9=Tomasz |last10=Gharsallah |first10=Neji |last11=Belbahri |first11=Lassaad |date=2019 |title=Screening of the High-Rhizosphere Competent ''Limoniastrum monopetalum'' Culturable Endophyte Microbiota Allows the Recovery of Multifaceted and Versatile Biocontrol Agents |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/8/249 |journal=Microorganisms |volume=7 |issue=8 |page=249 |doi=10.3390/microorganisms7080249 |access-date=28 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="Daves">{{cite web |title=PlantFiles: Limoniastrum |url=https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/189332/ |website=Dave's Garden |access-date=28 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref> that has long thread-like and tufted fine roots, with ephemeral roots that are produced in a wet season and then vanish afterwards. The wide spread of the roots helps the plant withstand the high salinity conditions and they can also travel down to at least 50&nbsp;cm to reach the [[water table]].<ref name=Helmut>Helmut Lieth and A.A. Al Masoom (editors) {{google books|B_X9CAAAQBAJ|Towards the rational use of high salinity tolerant plants: Vol 1. Deliberations about High Salinity Tolerant Plants and Ecosystems (1990)|page=398}}</ref>


It can grow up to between {{convert|90|-|120|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall,<ref name="Daves"/><ref name=Burkhill>H.M. Burkhill, 1985. The useful plants of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 4.</ref><ref name="Herbari">{{cite web |title=''Limoniastrum monopetalum''(L.) Boiss. |url=http://herbarivirtual.uib.es/en/general/981/especie/ajocagripaus |website=Herbari Virtual del Mediterrani Occidental |access-date=12 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref> with much branched,<ref name="Herbari"/> and leafy stems.<ref name=Root/><ref name=Burkhill/><ref name="herbier">{{cite web |title=''Limoniastrum monopetalum'', Grand Statice - Herbier de Sardaigne (Colette) |url=http://www.monherbier.com/site/especes/42179 |website=www.monherbier.com |access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref> They are [[terete]] (round in cross-section) and grey,<ref name=Burkhill/> and covered with white [[calcareous]] [[tubercles]].<ref name=Magyar>Magyar Tudományos Akadémia ([[Hungarian Academy of Sciences]]) {{google books|UiBUAAAAMAAJ|Acta Botanica - Volumes 15-16 (1969)|page=9}}</ref>
It can grow up to between {{convert|90|-|120|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall,<ref name=Burkhill>H.M. Burkhill, 1985. The useful plants of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 4.</ref><ref name="Herbari">{{cite web |title=''Limoniastrum monopetalum''(L.) Boiss. |url=http://herbarivirtual.uib.es/en/general/981/especie/ajocagripaus |website=Herbari Virtual del Mediterrani Occidental |access-date=12 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="horom">{{cite web |title=LIMONIASTRUM MONOPETALUM (ΛΙΜΟΝΙΑΣΤΡΟ) {{!}} Horomidis Agronomic Corp. |url=https://horomidis.gr/en/product/limoniastrum-monopetalum-limoniastro/ |access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref><!-- also <ref name="Daves"/>--> with much branched,<ref name="Herbari"/><ref name="horom"/> and leafy stems.<ref name=Root/><ref name=Burkhill/><ref name="herbier">{{cite web |title=''Limoniastrum monopetalum'', Grand Statice - Herbier de Sardaigne (Colette) |url=http://www.monherbier.com/site/especes/42179 |website=www.monherbier.com |access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref> They are [[terete]] (round in cross-section) and grey in colour.<ref name=Burkhill/> The leaves are normally at the top of the branches, leaving the base of the branch, bare with [[leaf scars]].<ref name="asturnatura">{{cite web |title=Limoniastrum monopetalum, Verdolaga seca |url=https://www.asturnatura.com/especie/limoniastrum-monopetalum.html |website=Naturaleza y turismo |access-date=12 May 2021 |language=es}}</ref>


It has light green,<ref name="pangaia">{{cite web |title=Limoniastrum monopetalum seeds |url=https://www.pangaiaseeds.com/en/ornamentals-seeds/limoniastrum-monopetalum-seeds/ |website=pangaiaseeds |access-date=12 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref> or silvery blue-green,<ref name=Root/> leather-like,<ref name="herbier"/> stiff, narrowly spathulate (spoon-shaped) leaves.<ref name=Magyar/> This gives the plant a whitish grey aspect.<ref name=Magyar/>
It has light green,<ref name="pangaia">{{cite web |title=Limoniastrum monopetalum seeds |url=https://www.pangaiaseeds.com/en/ornamentals-seeds/limoniastrum-monopetalum-seeds/ |website=pangaiaseeds |access-date=12 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref> or silvery blue-green,<ref name=Root/><ref name="horom"/> leather-like,<ref name="herbier"/> stiff, narrowly spathulate (spoon-shaped) leaves.<ref name=Magyar/> They are covered with white granulations<ref name="asturnatura"/>; [[calcareous]] (carbonate deposits<ref name="asturnatura"/>) [[tubercles]].<ref name=Magyar>Magyar Tudományos Akadémia ([[Hungarian Academy of Sciences]]) {{google books|UiBUAAAAMAAJ|Acta Botanica - Volumes 15-16 (1969)|page=9}}</ref> This gives the plant a whitish grey aspect.<ref name=Magyar/>


It blooms between mid Spring and early Summer,<ref name=Root/><ref name="Daves"/> between July and August,<ref name="pangaia"/> or June to August,<ref name="Herbari"/> with bright pink,<ref name=Root/> pink,<ref name=Root/><ref name="Herbari"/> purple-pink,<ref name="pangaia"/> or lavender flowers.<ref name="Daves"/> As they die they fade to violet.<ref name=Root/>
It blooms between mid Spring and early Summer.<ref name=Root/><ref name="Daves"/> fname="horom"/>V iously; between March to November,<ref name="asturnatura"/> between July and August,<ref name="pangaia"/> or June to August.<ref name="Herbari"/> The flowers come in shades of bright pink,<ref name=Root/> pink,<ref name=Root/><ref name="Herbari"/> purple-pink,<ref name="pangaia"/> or lavender flowers.<ref name="Daves"/> As they die they fade to violet.<ref name=Root/>


They have articulated [[rachis]] (spine) and funnel-shaped [[corolla]],<ref name="herbier"/> they appear at the ends of the branches.<ref name="Herbari"/>
They have articulated [[rachis]] (spine) and funnel-shaped [[corolla]],<ref name="herbier"/> they appear at the ends of the branches.<ref name="Herbari"/>


Flowers have leathery bracts, extrnal sepals are 2.5-7mm and the internal sepals are 7.5-9mm.
chalice tubular, 9mm scarious, covered almost entirely by the internal bract. corolla pink or violet
5 stamens <ref name="asturnatura"/>

membranous fruit indehiscent, included in the calyx
Dimensions: Maximum height 1-1.5m./ Maximum diameter 1.5- 2m.
Dimensions: Maximum height 1-1.5m./ Maximum diameter 1.5- 2m.
It is an evergreen, multi- branched shrub of low and slow growth. It is a plant highly resistant to salinity and barren soils, so it is suitable for coastal planting. It has elongated, pointed and fleshy leaves, with a grayish or glaucous color. Most of the year it is in a relatively bad appearance, but towards the end of spring new, multi-branched shoots emerge from the bush and a little later we have its flowering during the summer. The flowers are purple and are numerous, at the edge of the shoots. It prefers sunny planting spots, is has no special soil requirements and it can withstand drought and heat.<ref name="horom">{{cite web |title=LIMONIASTRUM MONOPETALUM (ΛΙΜΟΝΙΑΣΤΡΟ) {{!}} Horomidis Agronomic Corp. |url=https://horomidis.gr/en/product/limoniastrum-monopetalum-limoniastro/ |access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref>
It is an evergreen, multi- branched shrub of low and slow growth. fleshy leaves, with a grayish or glaucous color. Most of the year it is in a relatively bad appearance, but towards the end of spring new, multi-branched shoots emerge from the bush and a little later we have its flowering during the summer. The flowers are purple and are numerous, at the edge of the shoots. It prefers sunny planting spots, is has no special soil requirements and it can withstand drought and heat.<ref name="horom"/>


==Biochemistry==
==Biochemistry==
Line 52: Line 57:
It has the common name of 'Grand statice',<ref name="herbier"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Limoniastrum monopetalum, 1596 |url=https://www.chateau-perouse.com/assets/bestanden/html_EN/01596%20Limoniastrum%20monopetalum_EN.html |access-date=10 May 2021}}</ref> (reflecting the former name of the genus).
It has the common name of 'Grand statice',<ref name="herbier"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Limoniastrum monopetalum, 1596 |url=https://www.chateau-perouse.com/assets/bestanden/html_EN/01596%20Limoniastrum%20monopetalum_EN.html |access-date=10 May 2021}}</ref> (reflecting the former name of the genus).


The Latin [[Botanical name#Binary name|specific epithet]] ''monopetalum'' refers to 'mono' and 'petal' meaning one petal.<ref> Allen J. Coombes {{Google books|capqDQYT_VYC|The A to Z of Plant Names: A Quick Reference Guide to 4000 Garden Plants|page=50}}</ref>
The Latin [[Botanical name#Binary name|specific epithet]] ''monopetalum'' derived from 'monopetalus',<ref name="asturnatura"/> and refers to 'mono' and 'petal' meaning one petal.<ref> Allen J. Coombes {{Google books|capqDQYT_VYC|The A to Z of Plant Names: A Quick Reference Guide to 4000 Garden Plants|page=50}}</ref>


Using an earlier description by [[Carl Linneaus]] when he had named it as ''Statice monopetala'' in his book ''[[Species Plantarum]]'' in 1753.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Statice monopetala'' {{!}} International Plant Names Index |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/687606-1 |website=www.ipni.org |access-date=7 May 2021}}</ref> After the genus ''Statice'' was re-classified as 'Limoniastrum', it was then first published as ''Limoniastrum monopetalum'' (L.) Boiss by [[Pierre Edmond Boissier]] in 'Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis' Vol.12 on page 689 in 1848.<ref name=plantlist/><ref name="ipni">{{cite web |title=''Limoniastrum monopetalum'' {{!}} International Plant Names Index |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/686612-1 |website=www.ipni.org |publisher=[[International Plant Names Index]]}}</ref>
Using an earlier description by [[Carl Linneaus]] when he had named it as ''Statice monopetala'' in his book ''[[Species Plantarum]]'' in 1753.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Statice monopetala'' {{!}} International Plant Names Index |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/687606-1 |website=www.ipni.org |access-date=7 May 2021}}</ref> After the genus ''Statice'' was re-classified as 'Limoniastrum', it was then first published as ''Limoniastrum monopetalum'' (L.) Boiss by [[Pierre Edmond Boissier]] in 'Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis' Vol.12 on page 689 in 1848.<ref name=plantlist/><ref name="ipni">{{cite web |title=''Limoniastrum monopetalum'' {{!}} International Plant Names Index |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/686612-1 |website=www.ipni.org |publisher=[[International Plant Names Index]]}}</ref>
Line 86: Line 91:


Limoniastrum monopetalum needs full sun exposure and a Mediterranean climate. It resists sporadic frosts down to -5 ºC.
Limoniastrum monopetalum needs full sun exposure and a Mediterranean climate. It resists sporadic frosts down to -5 ºC.




They can grow in any type of soil, even in poor and salty soils.
They can grow in any type of soil, even in poor and salty soils.
Line 96: Line 103:


They are propagated in summer by cuttings.<ref name="consulta">{{cite web |title=''Limoniastrum monopetalum'' or Statice monopetalum {{!}} Care and Growing |url=http://www.consultaplantas.com/index.php/en/plants-from-d-to-l/2888-limoniastrum-monopetalum-or-statice-monopetalum-care-and-growing |website=www.consultaplantas.com |access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref>
They are propagated in summer by cuttings.<ref name="consulta">{{cite web |title=''Limoniastrum monopetalum'' or Statice monopetalum {{!}} Care and Growing |url=http://www.consultaplantas.com/index.php/en/plants-from-d-to-l/2888-limoniastrum-monopetalum-or-statice-monopetalum-care-and-growing |website=www.consultaplantas.com |access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref>

It is a plant highly resistant to salinity and barren soils, so it is suitable for coastal planting.<ref name="horom"/> It has elongated, pointed and


Woody, [[halophyte]] plant. <ref name="herbier"/>
Woody, [[halophyte]] plant. <ref name="herbier"/>
Line 140: Line 149:


==Other sources==
==Other sources==
* Castrviejo Bolibar, Santiago & al. (eds.), Iberian flora ... Vol.II Platanaceae-Plumbaginaceae, 1990


{{Taxonbar|from=Q886829}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q886829}}

Revision as of 10:47, 12 May 2021

Limoniastrum monopetalum
Limoniastrum monopetalum in Ria Formosa, the Algarve, Portugual
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Core eudicots
Order:
Caryophyllales
Family:
Plumbaginaceae
Genus:
Limoniastrum
Species:
L. monopetalum
Binomial name
Limoniastrum monopetalum
Synonyms[1]

Bubania monopetala (L.) Girard Statice monopetala L.

Limoniastrum monopetalum ('Grand statice'), is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae that is native to between Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia. It has been found in salt marshes, dunes and other coastal areas with high salinity levels.

It has

Description

Branch and leaves of Limoniastrum monopetalum

L. monopetalum is a small evergreen shrub,[2][3][4] that has long thread-like and tufted fine roots, with ephemeral roots that are produced in a wet season and then vanish afterwards. The wide spread of the roots helps the plant withstand the high salinity conditions and they can also travel down to at least 50 cm to reach the water table.[5]

It can grow up to between 90–120 cm (35–47 in) tall,[6][7][8] with much branched,[7][8] and leafy stems.[2][6][9] They are terete (round in cross-section) and grey in colour.[6] The leaves are normally at the top of the branches, leaving the base of the branch, bare with leaf scars.[10]

It has light green,[11] or silvery blue-green,[2][8] leather-like,[9] stiff, narrowly spathulate (spoon-shaped) leaves.[12] They are covered with white granulations[10]; calcareous (carbonate deposits[10]) tubercles.[12] This gives the plant a whitish grey aspect.[12]

It blooms between mid Spring and early Summer.[2][4] fname="horom"/>V iously; between March to November,[10] between July and August,[11] or June to August.[7] The flowers come in shades of bright pink,[2] pink,[2][7] purple-pink,[11] or lavender flowers.[4] As they die they fade to violet.[2]

They have articulated rachis (spine) and funnel-shaped corolla,[9] they appear at the ends of the branches.[7]

Flowers have leathery bracts, extrnal sepals are 2.5-7mm and the internal sepals are 7.5-9mm. chalice tubular, 9mm scarious, covered almost entirely by the internal bract. corolla pink or violet 5 stamens [10]

membranous fruit indehiscent, included in the calyx Dimensions: Maximum height 1-1.5m./ Maximum diameter 1.5- 2m. It is an evergreen, multi- branched shrub of low and slow growth. fleshy leaves, with a grayish or glaucous color. Most of the year it is in a relatively bad appearance, but towards the end of spring new, multi-branched shoots emerge from the bush and a little later we have its flowering during the summer. The flowers are purple and are numerous, at the edge of the shoots. It prefers sunny planting spots, is has no special soil requirements and it can withstand drought and heat.[8]

Biochemistry

Limoniastrum monopetalum, Parque Natural Bahía de Cádiz, San Fernando, Cádiz, Spain

The leaves of Limoniastrum monopetalum have been studied to determine how the plants

In this study, ten kinds of leaf extracts were used to examine the effect of extraction solvent system with varying polarities on polyphenol contents and DPPH scavenging activity. Then the superoxide scavenging activity and the reducing power of the most promising solvent extracts were evaluated too. Moreover, the efficiency of the best leaf extract has been investigated against pathogenic bacteria and yeast. Eventually leaf extract was hydrolyzed by acid and the phenolics identified by RP-HPLC. Results showed that phenolic contents and antioxidant activities varied considerably as function of solvent polarity. Leaf extract using pure methanol showed the highest polyphenol content (15.85mg GAE/g DW). Moreover, antiradical capacities against DPPH. [13][14]

In 2014, the salt excretion crystals on the leaf surface of the plant were studied as a possible metal detoxification mechanism.[15]

Taxonomy

Illustration of Limoniastrum monopetalum by Sydenham Edwards in The Botanical Register

It is known in Mali as 'zeïta' and 'zita' in Arabic.[6] It is known in Spanish as 'Salado' or 'Verdolaga seca',[16] and in Catalan as 'Ajocagripaus'.[7]

It has the common name of 'Grand statice',[9][17] (reflecting the former name of the genus).

The Latin specific epithet monopetalum derived from 'monopetalus',[10] and refers to 'mono' and 'petal' meaning one petal.[18]

Using an earlier description by Carl Linneaus when he had named it as Statice monopetala in his book Species Plantarum in 1753.[19] After the genus Statice was re-classified as 'Limoniastrum', it was then first published as Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss by Pierre Edmond Boissier in 'Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis' Vol.12 on page 689 in 1848.[1][20]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 9 August 1995, as Limoniastrum monopetalum,[21] and it is an RHS Accepted name and was last-listed in the RHS Plant Finder in 2016.[22]

Distribution and habitat

Plants growing in the sand dunes, Ria Formosa in the Algarve, Portugal

L. monopetalum is native to temperate areas between Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia.[21]

Range

It is found in Europe, in the Mediterranean countries of Portugal,[22][23] Corsica,[9] Spain, France, Greece,[2] Balearic Islands of Mallorca and Menorca,[7] and Italy (incl. Sardinia and Sicily).[21] Within North Africa and Asia,[6] it is found in Algeria, Libya and Egypt.[21][24]

It has been introduced to Morocco and Tunisia.[21][25]

Since 1995, it has been found in the Canary Islands.[26]

Habitat

In Egypt, it is found in salt marshes,[2] coastal sand dunes and rocky ridges habitats.[7][24] It is also found in the dunes of the salt marsh around Lake Manzala and Lake Mariut, on the west Mediterranean coast and also the salt marshes near Sallum.[27] In Portugal, it is found in salt marshes with Atriplex portulacoides.[23]

It is often found growing alone.[28]

Protection status

It appears on the list of plant species protected throughout mainland France.[29][30]

Cultivation

Close-up of the flowers, taken in Ibiza, Spain

They are evergreen shrubs of disorderly bearing that reach 1 meter in height. They have erect fleshy green-gray leaves and linear or spatulate in shape. The flowers appear in terminal spikes and are pink when budding and purple when wilting. They bloom in summer.

They are used in Mediterranean coastal gardens to cover slopes, in bushy groups and in pots and planters. They combine well with plants of the genus Cistus, Salvia, Rosmarinus, Eriocephalus and Bupleurum.

Limoniastrum monopetalum needs full sun exposure and a Mediterranean climate. It resists sporadic frosts down to -5 ºC.


They can grow in any type of soil, even in poor and salty soils.

Water moderately throughout the year waiting for the substrate to dry; They are plants very resistant to drought and pollution.

They do not need pruning or fertilizers.

They are not usually attacked by the usual pests and diseases.

They are propagated in summer by cuttings.[31]

It is a plant highly resistant to salinity and barren soils, so it is suitable for coastal planting.[8] It has elongated, pointed and

Woody, halophyte plant. [9]

It grows well in sandy soils.[11]

Water Requirements: Drought-tolerant; suitable for xeriscaping Sun Exposure: Full Sun Spacing: 4-6 ft. (1.2-1.8 m) Hardiness: USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) - USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F) Soil pH requirements: 6.6 to 7.5 (neutral) - 7.6 to 7.8 (mildly alkaline)[4]

Rooting and establishment of Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss stem-tip cuttings[2]

In the Baleares it is a garden plant and also grown as a cover for motorway roadsides, [7] although is some littoral areas it has naturalized;

it is used as an ornamental plant recently.[2] Its adaptation to a variety of environmental stresses like salinity, water deficit, intense radiation or high temperatures (Neves et al., 2008) and

its growth on soil poor in organic matter content (Salama, 2007), make Cuttings collected in winter or spring rooted at higher percentages than those collected in summer or autumn[2]

Cultivars

There is one known cultivar; Limoniastrum monopetalum 'Carnaval' which is an evergreen subshrub that forms a mound, and has fleshy, spoon-shaped to narrowly lance-shaped, grey-green leaves and magenta flowers that bloom from early summer to early autumn. It is frost hardy.[32][33]

Uses

Limoniastrum monopetalum is a traditional medicinal species which a leaf infusion exhibits anti-dysenteric properties against infectious diseases.[13] L. monopetalum and Limoniastrum guyonianum have been studied for antioxidant status.[2][25]

Limoniastrum monopetalum is used as fodder for camels,[6][2] especially during the winter.[34] It is also used in farms as a fuel source.[6]

The shrub is also an ecological habitat of a large number of insects such as Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera (including Oecocecis guyonella, Acalyptris limoniastri),as the larvae feed on the plant and they create a gall on a branch, in which to pupate.[25]

In southern Tunisia, these galls are used to tan leather and in the dyeing of hair. They can also be used medically, an infusion (tea) of galls and the leaf is used against infectious or parasitic disease causing diarrhoea.[35]

L. monopetalum is a potential plant to be used for xeriscaping,[4] and landscape architecture in semi-arid Mediterranean areas, especially with poor, saline, neglected or degraded soils. It also has ecological value, as a sand accumulator, salt tolerant windbreak and an inhibitor of soil erosion.[2]

Soil Contamination

In Al-Alamein, Egypt near (El-Hammra station, the main crude oil pipeline terminal) the environment is contaminated with crude oil spill as a result of various activities from refineries; such as oilfield blowouts, tanker and pipeline break-ups. The area was previously was a mixture of various common halophytes species. However, Limoniastrum monopetalum is now the only recorded species found growing in the oil-contaminated soil, since 2002.[36] A 2011 study was carried out on the L. monopetalum populations established on the crude oil polluted soil.[37]

It has been also found that the plant's salt glands can also absorb small amounts of cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb).[15] It can also absorb Zinc (Zn).[38] This means the plant has phytoremediation potentials.[15][2][3]

References

  1. ^ a b "Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss. is an accepted name". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Akoumianaki-Ioannidou, Anastasia; Martini, A.N.; Papafotiou, M. (January 2016). "Rooting and establishment of Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss stem-tip cuttings". African Journal of Plant Science. 10 (1): 23–31.
  3. ^ a b Slama, Houda Ben; Triki, Mohamed Ali; Bouket, Ali Chenari; Mefteh, Fedia Ben; Alenezi, Faizah N.; Luptakova, Lenka; Cherif-Silini, Hafsa; Vallat, Armelle; Oszako, Tomasz; Gharsallah, Neji; Belbahri, Lassaad (2019). "Screening of the High-Rhizosphere Competent Limoniastrum monopetalum Culturable Endophyte Microbiota Allows the Recovery of Multifaceted and Versatile Biocontrol Agents". Microorganisms. 7 (8): 249. doi:10.3390/microorganisms7080249. Retrieved 28 April 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ a b c d e "PlantFiles: Limoniastrum". Dave's Garden. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  5. ^ Helmut Lieth and A.A. Al Masoom (editors) Towards the rational use of high salinity tolerant plants: Vol 1. Deliberations about High Salinity Tolerant Plants and Ecosystems (1990), p. 398, at Google Books
  6. ^ a b c d e f g H.M. Burkhill, 1985. The useful plants of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 4.
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Other sources

  • Castrviejo Bolibar, Santiago & al. (eds.), Iberian flora ... Vol.II Platanaceae-Plumbaginaceae, 1990
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